Jun Xu’s research while affiliated with University of California, Los Angeles and other places

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Publications (4)


“A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition”: Correction to Fiske et al. (2002).
  • Article

April 2019

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131 Reads

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33 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Susan T. Fiske

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Amy J. Cuddy

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Glick Peter

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Jun Xu


Figure 1. Four-cluster solution, Study 1, long survey, student sample. 
Table 2 Scales, Study 1 Construct Items 
Table 7 Scales, Study 2 Construct Items 
Table 9 Paired Competence-Warmth Differences, by Group, Study 2 Group Difference 
Table 11 Items in Abbreviated Questionnaire, Study 3 Construct Items 

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A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition
  • Article
  • Full-text available

July 2002

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9,822 Reads

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2,927 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Stereotype research emphasizes systematic processes over seemingly arbitrary contents, but content also may prove systematic. On the basis of stereotypes' intergroup functions, the stereotype content model hypothesizes that (a) 2 primary dimensions are competence and warmth, (b) frequent mixed clusters combine high warmth with low competence (paternalistic) or high competence with low warmth (envious), and (c) distinct emotions (pity, envy, admiration, contempt) differentiate the 4 competence-warmth combinations. Stereotypically, (d) status predicts high competence, and competition predicts low warmth. Nine varied samples rated gender, ethnicity, race, class, age, and disability out-groups. Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors). Stereotypically, status predicted competence, and competition predicted low warmth.

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A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition

June 2002

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2,381 Reads

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6,152 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Stereotype research emphasizes systematic processes over seemingly arbitrary contents, but content also may prove systematic. On the basis of stereotypes' intergroup functions, the stereotype content model hypothesizes that (a) 2 primary dimensions are competence and warmth, (b) frequent mixed clusters combine high warmth with low competence (paternalistic) or high competence with low warmth (envious), and (c) distinct emotions (pity, envy, admiration, contempt) differentiate the 4 competence-warmth combinations. Stereotypically, (d) status predicts high competence, and competition predicts low warmth. Nine varied samples rated gender, ethnicity, race, class, age, and disability out-groups. Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors). Stereotypically, status predicted competence, and competition predicted low warmth.

Citations (4)


... Prior work in the social perceptions and stereotypes literature suggests men tend to be viewed as competent (i.e., confident, skillful, capable) while women as warm (e.g., likable, good-natured, friendly, sincere; Fiske et al., 1999Fiske et al., , 2018. Since these characteristics may in turn influence audience adoption, we sought to control for speakers' gender. ...

Reference:

Ideas Worth Spreading? When, How, and for Whom Information Load Hurts Online Talks’ Popularity
A model of (often mixed) stereotype content
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2018

... As discussed in subsection 4.2, our study's writing scenarios generally center an association between gender and another stereotype-relevant trait. These traits come from Koch et al. [40]'s ABC model (building on Fiske et al. [24]'s stereotype content model) which consists of paired traits regarding a group's agency, beliefs, and communion. To measure the participant's beliefs about these stereotypes, we ask one question about warmth (representing "communion"), competence (representing "agency"), and one about conservativeness (the only "belief" represented in our scenarios). ...

“A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition”: Correction to Fiske et al. (2002).
  • Citing Article
  • April 2019

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

... Feedback receptivity may reduce bias concerns by increasing perceptions of relational leadership. We define relational leadership as including three characteristics of the person in power: (a) that they care about their subordinates, including warmth and connection (Diekman et al., 2011;Fiske et al., 2002;Triandis & Gelfand, 1998); (b) that they are trustworthy (Terwel et al., 2010;Willis & Todorov, 2006); and (c) that they want to use their power for good (Moon et al., 2021). These three components may be closely related and perceived as operating together (see Study 5). ...

A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow From Perceived Status and Competition

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

... The stereotype content model includes competence beliefs as one of two fundamental dimensions of human perception (along with warmth). The theory suggests that humans immediately assess the capability of others to enact their intentions, which can be measured as broad beliefs about competence of others based on their social group membership (Fiske 2018;Fiske et al. 2002). Status characteristics and expectations states theory similarly points to competence perceptions as a key factor in social interaction. ...

A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology