Julia S. Garner’s research while affiliated with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other places

... Some common anti-SSI measures used in colorectal surgery include intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis, the preoperative use of clippers, closure with antimicrobial absorbent thread, wound cleansing, intraoperative warming and use of wound protectants [7,8]. In addition to the anti-SSI measures described above, various other strategies have been reported, and we have introduced several of them. ...

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Oral antimicrobial prophylaxis was associated with preventing surgical site infection following 2-stage restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis

... Além disso, costumam ocorrer em pacientes com melhores condições de saúde; apresentam modo de transmissão bem definido; são freqüentemente causadas por microrganismos adquiridos no hospital e os métodos de prevenção são conhecidos. Haley e Garner (1986) abordaram a questão da seguinte maneira: "as infecções hospitalares passíveis de prevenção são primariamente causadas por problemas no cuidado ao paciente, como o uso e manutenção de sondas urinárias, catéteres venosos e terapia respiratória, bem como na ausência do hábito de lavar as mãos e a má técnica ci- rúrgica". A literatura já demonstrou a ineficácia e até mesmo os efeitos negativos de algumas estratégias de controle , utilizadas até a década de 70, como a contagem de bactérias do ar, o uso irracional da antibioticoprofilaxia e a pesquisa de portadores de microrganismos da flora normal (Zanon, 1987). ...

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Infecção hospitalar: comparação entre dois métodos de vigilância epidemiológica

... Procedures in which the patient had previously used antibiotics during hospitalization, or interventions within the previous three months, were excluded due to the possibility of conditioning the use of antimicrobials different from those recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis. The investigators followed the wound classification of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to include only clean and clean-contaminated wounds, and both elective and emergency procedures were included [12]. The antibiotic used, appropriate dosage, time of administration, and duration of prophylaxis were individually evaluated according to the Surgical Prophylaxis guidelines published by the Institute of Health Technology Assessment and Research (IETSI) of the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud) [13]. ...

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Antibiotic prophylaxis compliance differences in surgery and gynecology/ obstetrics services in Huánuco, Peru

... 29 Infections were considered clinically significant as defined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 30 Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), new-onset hypertension and new-onset hyperlipidemia were defined by use of medication for these conditions during but not before the study. ...

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Randomized Trial of Ciclosporin with 2-h Monitoring vs. Tacrolimus with Trough Monitoring in Liver Transplantation: DELTA Study

... In addition, a positive tracheal aspirate in quantitative cultures (≥ 10 5 cfu/mL) or a positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture (≥ 10 4 cfu/mL) was required to confirm the diagnosis. Intracranial infection, bloodstream infection, and urinary tract infection were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria [15]. Inclusion criteria were (a) admission in the ICU for medical or surgical treatments; and (b) intubation and mechanical ventilation for > 48 hours [14]. ...

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A retrospective study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae acquisition among ICU patients

... Open laparotomy with gastroenterological surgery is a surgical procedure that is performed with a clean-contaminated wound by wound classification [1,2]. Thus, it often results in a relatively high rate (about 10% or more) of incisional SSI [3][4][5]. ...

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Prevention of incisional surgical site infection by subfascial closed suction drainage after open laparotomy: a single surgeon experience in 250 consecutive patients

... Studies had found that caesarean deliveries are more likely to cause wound infections compared to vaginal deliveries [7,8]. Several studies had advocated that the appropriate use of a single dose antibiotic prophylaxis during caesarean delivery significantly reduces the incidence of surgical site infections much more effectively compared to the multiple-dose of antibiotics [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Surgical site infections cause longer hospital day stays by an average of 7 days which increases the treatment cost up to $3000 [15,16]. ...

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Single Versus Multiple Dose of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Caesarian Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial

... However, HAIs are frequently preventable through infection prevention and control measures, with hand hygiene as a key activity [16,57]. As previously explained, alcoholbased hand sanitizers are recommended to maintain hand hygiene when water and soap are not accessible [58,59], due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, availability, and safety profiles [15]. However, their frequent administration has been reported to be accompanied by several hazards [14,15], as previously discussed. ...

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Rhamnolipid Nano-Micelles versus Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer: A Comparative Study for Antibacterial Activity against Hospital-Acquired Infections and Toxicity Concerns

... There are three categories of isolations: contact Precautions, droplet Precautions, and airborne Precautions. In an epidemic study conducted by Jernigan et al., it was observed that contact isolation reduces the spread of MRSA by 16 times [3]. How- [4]. ...

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Analysis of Isolation Precautions in a Tertiary Training and Research Hospital[#1240247]-2908487

... 22 As for the source of BSI, diagnosis and classification of infection were defined according to the criteria of the US CDC. 23 The source of BSI was divided into two categories: low risk (urinary tract, CVC and skin and soft tissue infections) and high risk (all other sources). Early adequate source control was defined as the removal of pre-existing infected hardware or drainage of an infected fluid collection thought to be the origin of the Pa-BSI, performed within 24 h from the BSI onset. ...

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Antipseudomonal cephalosporins versus piperacillin/tazobactam or carbapenems for the definitive antibiotic treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: new kids on the ICU block?