Jr. Raymond W. Gibbs’s scientific contributions

... Given the distinction between literal and metaphorical meanings (Carroll, 2008), the comprehension of figurative language requires readers to go beyond the surface structure of a sentence to access its intended connotation (Gibbs & Colston, 2012). How figurative meanings are processed and mentally represented remains a topic of ongoing debate within cognitive linguistics. ...

Reference:

Masked priming effects on Chinese EFL learners’ metaphor comprehension: an ERP study

... Since providing complete references for these aspects of phraseological research would exceed the scope of this article, the reader is referred to recent review articles of psycholinguistic and computational phraseology, cf. Gibbs and Colston (2007), Häcki Buhofer (2007), Heid (2007 Heid ( , 2008), Moon (2007) and Sailer (2007). The following list gives an overview of the phenomena commonly regarded as MWEs. ...

Reference:

Multi-word expressions

... These are all very frequent, as they all constitute a part of the stopwords from NLTK's corpus package (https://www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/corpus.html; last accessed on 21 December 2021). When present in utterances, they often manifest the underlying image schemata well known from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory first popularized by Lakoff and Johnson in [54] and further described in detail by other authors, for example by Gibbs in [55]. Admittedly, the choice of the words from the outside of the major parts of speech category is subjective and could be made differently. ...

Reference:

MIss RoBERTa WiLDe: Metaphor Identification Using Masked Language Model with Wiktionary Lexical Definitions