Joshua D. Wright’s research while affiliated with University of Economics and Law and other places

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Publications (175)


Individuals’ demand for the unpatented consumable good (gallons of propanil)
Derived market demand for the method patent (with marginal cost pricing of the consumable)
Linear pricing of patented method (marginal cost pricing of the consumable, bi ⁓ U [.5, 250])
Method patent and use label
Individuals’ demand for unpatented consumable good and metered pricing

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A Transactions Cost Analysis of the Welfare and Output Effects of Rebates and Non-Linear Pricing
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2024

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4 Reads

Review of Industrial Organization

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Joshua D. Wright

Ronald Coase famously exposed the limitations of economic analyses that rely upon assumptions of frictionless markets. He highlighted the importance of including transaction costs in economic analyses and issued a challenge to economists to think seriously about how transaction costs affect economic systems. Harold Demsetz, extended Coase’s analysis to show how these costs alter the way firms price and market their products. Demsetz’s analysis underscored that the costs of providing a market sometimes exceed the benefits of creating one in the first place and examined conditions where transaction costs imply that zero amounts of explicit market pricing will be efficient. This article extends Demsetz’s insights with respect to non-linear pricing contracts that seem not to “price” key side effects of the economic exchange. In particular, we analyze the welfare and output effects of two examples of such contracts that are commonly used by firms that are frequently subject to antitrust scrutiny: metered pricing; and loyalty discounts. The analysis demonstrates how a firm’s choice to set prices for its products are influenced by transaction and information costs and examines whether changes in output that are caused by the use of these non-linear pricing schemes are positively correlated with changes in total and consumer welfare. The article then discusses conditions under which measuring output effects can reliably differentiate between welfare-increasing and welfare-reducing uses of non-linear pricing.

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Reimagining Antitrust Institutions: A (Modest?) Proposal

May 2024

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7 Reads

Review of Law & Economics

It is always an appropriate time to reevaluate, reexamine, and question the optimal scope and shape of antitrust institutions. In this article we ask whether the complex current distribution of competition functions in the U.S. can be improved by some reorganization or other reform. We answer in the affirmative and propose a number of improvements – perhaps the most significant being consolidating the competition functions of the FTC into the Antitrust Division and stripping the FCC of authority independently to review mergers, as it did in view of the similarly poor performance of the DOT when reviewing airline mergers. Our more general proposal with the authority of sectoral regulators over competition should not be overlooked, however; it would do much good with little or no downside.










Citations (22)


... NCTs can vary along several dimensions, including duration, geographic scope, income level, occupation, and triggering conditions. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] And the conditions under which states permit firms to obtain court orders enforcing NCTs also vary along several dimensions: several states broadly prohibit enforcement by declaring NCTs void; other states limit enforcement for some category of employees, such as low-wage earners, health care practitioners, or tech workers; and most states permit enforcement more widely, typically subject to some sort of "reasonableness" test. 3,5,6,10 Federal NCT regulations have been proposed, if not adopted or applied. ...

Reference:

A Competition Perspective on Physician Non-compete Agreements
Always or Almost Always Anticompetitive? The Global Antitrust Institute’s Comment on the FTC’s Proposed Rule Banning Non-Compete Clauses in Employment Contracts
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Consequently, an increasing number of companies have faced substantial fines (Thatchenkery & Katila, 2023). Despite this fact, companies that are trying to digitally transform their businesses are often exposed to pressure from large digital platform enterprises to sign mostly unfavourable contracts (Raskovich et al., 2023). The abuse of market power may have an adverse effect on consumer welfare as well as digital innovation (Raskovich et al., 2023). ...

The 2022 Revision of China's Anti-Monopoly Law: Global Antitrust Institute Comments on Draft Provisions of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China Concerning Application of the Law in Civil Disputes Arising from Monopolistic Conduct
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

SSRN Electronic Journal

... The significance of market regulation is to ensure that consumers are protected from unfair practices in the market. Thus, an effective consumer regulation should address market failures in an inexpensive manner without hampering the competitive process so that consumers have choices regarding prices and products, and it should ensure that there are fewer barriers of entry and exit in the market (Koopman et al. 2015;Wright and Helland 2013). Apart from addressing market failure, market regulation also enhances the efficiency of the government programs, promotes civil rights, or provides for universal access to services deemed important (Dudley et al. 2017). ...

The Dramatic Rise of Consumer Protection Law
  • Citing Chapter
  • December 2017

... Kennedy, 2017), with some scholars claiming that big data-based companies should not be seen as threats but rather as sources of innovation. Under the risk that ex-post instruments may be ineffective and untimely, regulations should also incorporate ex-ante mechanisms (Kobayashi and Wright, 2020). Ex-post mechanisms have achieved limited efficiency in digital markets (OECD, 2021). ...

Antitrust and Ex-Ante Sector Regulation
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Bhattacharya's work [1] explores the "Nash Program," which aims to bridge cooperative and non-cooperative game-theoretic models [18], illustrating asymmetric bargaining power in the VirnetX case. Wright and Yun [21] write about various instances in which bargaining models were used in litigation. Furthermore, Kankanhalli and Kwan's study [8] delves into the sources of bargaining power in royalty negotiations, enhancing understanding of how bargaining power impacts royalty allocations. ...

Use and Abuse of Bargaining Models in Antitrust
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... Il s'agit, dans une logique conservatrice, de préserver les acquis d'une politique menée depuis les années 1970 et vue comme un gage d'efficacité économique et de prévention de la capture de la politique antitrust par des groupes d'intérêts ou par les pouvoirs publics dans une perspective interventionniste. La contribution présentée en mai 2020 par des économistes et des juristes réunis autour de l'International Center for Law and Economics 1 pour la commission constituée par la Commission des Lois de la Chambre des Représentants sur la situation des règles de concurrence et ses implications pour la protection de la concurrence dans les marchés numériques incarne cette conception (Barnett et al., 2020). L'ère jeffersonienne y est présentée comme un chaos initial (« un corpus juridique sans principe et incohérent, entaché de contradictions internes ») qu'un apport économique « moderne » a « transformé en un système gérable qui contribue positivement à la compétitivité américaine et au bien-être du consommateur » 2 . ...

Joint Submission of Antitrust Economists, Legal Scholars, and Practitioners to the House Judiciary Committee on the State of Antitrust Law and Implications for Protecting Competition in Digital Markets
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... The recent update by the U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission to the Vertical Merger Guidelines has intensified the debate with respect to vertical merger enforcement, 1 with some commenters asserting that vertical mergers are relatively harmless. These arguments often rely heavily on surveys of the empirical economic literature as justification for a procompetitive presumption for vertical mergers (e.g., Lipsky et al., 2020;Wong-Ervin, 2019). For example, Wong-Ervin (2019, p. 1) states: "The generally accepted belief underlying modern antitrust analysis of vertical mergers … has been that they are generally procompetitive or neutral. ...

DOJ/FTC Draft 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... The sustainability obligations of Qualcomm are in particular [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], [14]: A. GOVERNANCE  During all activities and relationships with the staking parties the company shows responsibility, honesty, transparency and ethical company methods.  The company constantly improving its sustainable management, including better transparency, reporting, communications and measurable objectives. ...

Section 2 Mangled: FTC v. Qualcomm on the Duty to Deal, Price Squeezes, and Exclusive Dealing
  • Citing Article
  • January 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal

... On the side of Qualcomm, through this settlement, Qualcomm has not only achieved the purpose of maintaining its core business model but also Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research,volume 182 demonstrated the rationality, certainty, and stability of its business model to the outside world through the hand of Apple, and almost eliminated the possibility of any threat of lawsuits to overturn its business model in the future [10]. The six-year technology licensing agreement, which includes an option to extend for two years, essentially ties Apple into Qualcomm's boat. ...

A Bargaining Model v. Reality in FTC v. Qualcomm: A Reply to Kattan & Muris
  • Citing Article
  • January 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal