Joseph W. Schneider’s research while affiliated with Brandeis University and other places

... A growing body of research suggests that transgender individuals may exhibit higher rates of neurodivergence than the general population [47]. This intersection is not coincidental but reflects shared experiences of medicalization and pathologization that have historically marginalized these groups [18]. Because these identities often intersect, biases that affect either group can compound. ...

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The ethics of AI at the intersection of transgender identity and neurodivergence

... "Deviant behaviors" were among the first problems to become medicalized. With their seminal contribution, "From Badness to Sickness," Conrad and Schneider (1992) revealed that many phenomena that were once treated by religion or the justice system are now understood to be medical problems. This transfer of the social control of deviance to the field of medicine has accompanied the modernization of societies. ...

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The Biopsychosocial Welfare State: A Theoretical Framework

... There are various theories regarding the dimensions of stigma, one being Goffman's argument that individuals who possess undesirable or discrediting attributes are stigmatized by society, resulting in decreased social status [11]. Others have proposed that whether individuals view themselves as stigmatized depends on whether they see themselves that way [12]. Physical disability can elicit labeling, stereotyping, and discrimination from society, while intrapersonal responses to stigma can lead to psychological stress, mood disturbance, fear, limitations in participation, and increased disability [13]. ...

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Understanding the Association Between Injustice Appraisals, Depression Symptoms, and Stigma in Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

... Epilepsy was once the poster child of medical sociology. In the 1980s, it was the focus of seminal theoretical publications on stigma (Scambler, 1989), and sociological versus biomedical models of illness (Schneider & Conrad, 1981). Epilepsy-related research has continued to the present day (Shostak & Fox, 2012;Walker et al., 2014;Webster, 2019;Weckesser et al., 2017), but the field has yet to embrace an important development in contemporary epilepsy care -the use of technology to monitor and manage the condition. ...

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Interrogating the promise of technology in epilepsy care: systematic, hermeneutic review

... To be medicalised, a problem or behaviour must be "defined in medical terms, described using medical language, understood to the adoption of a medical framework, or treated with a medical intervention" (Conrad, 1992, p. 211). Conrad and Schneider proposed three levels of medicalisation which have retained their relevance; the conceptual, institutional, and doctor-patient level (Conrad & Schneider, 1980). The conceptualisation of social problems as medical problems begins with the ways in which people are identified and talked about as having deviant/abnormal characteristics and behaviours, allowing them entry into a system of medical governance voluntarily or via compulsory detention (i.e., institutional). ...

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Orthorexia Nervosa: The Emergence of a Psychiatric Illness. Lay People and Professionals’ Constructions of Extreme Healthy Eating