Joseph L. Jeraci’s research while affiliated with Cornell University and other places

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Publications (15)


EVALUATION OF DIETARY FIBER METHODS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF ß-GLUCAN AMONG VARIOUS FIBER FRACTIONS
  • Chapter

December 2005

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19 Reads

Joseph L. Jeraci

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James M. Carr

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Betty A. Lewis

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Peter J. Van Soest

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

February 1990

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19 Reads

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31 Citations

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Dietary fibers are not uniform, chemically or in their nutritive and biological properties, the only common ground being their resistance to mammalian digestive enzymes. The AOAC method for total fiber is subject to inferences from ash, protein, tannins and resistant starches. These interferences can be reduced by urea enzymatic dialysis. The measurement of soluble and insoluble fiber is nutritionally relevant, since physical properties greatly modify dietary effects of fiber. Insoluble fiber is conveniently measured as neutral-detergent fiber. This procedure has been improved by reducing the starch interference and the time of analysis. Physical and biological properties of dietary fiber can be measured by using relevant procedures for hydration capacity, metal ion exchange capacity and rate of fermentation. The lignin and tannin content modify the characteristics of dietary fiber.


Analysis of Foodstuffs for Dietary Fiber by the Urea Enzymatic Dialysis Method

February 1990

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12 Reads

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6 Citations

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Total dietary fiber (TDF) values for cereal grains, fruits, vegetables, processed foods, and purified or semi-purified dietary fiber products were determined by a new method using 8M urea and enzymes (urea enzymatic dialysis, UED, method). The results are compared with the official AOAC procedure. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber were determined for several of these foodstuffs and compared with the NDF values. Crude protein and ash contamination was usually lower with the UED method compared with the AOAC method, particularly for samples that formed gels during ethanol precipitation. Urea and the heat stable amylase were effective in removing starch even at relatively low temperatures of the assay (50 degrees C). The new assay is relatively economical in use of equipment, enzymes, and reagents. Studies are currently in progress to minimize the assay time for the UED method while further improving its flexibility and robustness. The results of the studies will be discussed.



Urea Enzymatic Dialysis Procedure for Determination of Total Dietary Fiber

July 1989

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33 Reads

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26 Citations

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL

A method that uses urea and enzymes for determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) in foods has been developed and compared with the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method (43.A14-43.A20). In the evaluation, results for crude protein and ash contamination were higher by the AOAC method, particularly for samples that form gels during ethanol precipitation. The new urea enzymatic dialysis (UED) method quantitatively recovered, with less variation, more of the purified and semipurified dietary fiber products. TDF recoveries for carboxymethylcellulose and locust bean gum were 98% (SD 3.3) and 95% (SD 6.1) by the AOAC method and 99% (SD 1.0) and 100% (SD 0.6) by the UED method, respectively. The UED method was the more effective in removing starch. For kale samples, starch recovery was 3.5 and 0.2% from TDF residues obtained using the AOAC and UED methods, respectively. Differences were not significant among replicate values for determination of TDF in foods by the UED method (P greater than 0.01). Preliminary studies suggest that the new method can separately determine soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The data indicate that the UED method is more precise and accurate than the AOAC method.



In vitro fermentation of dietary fiber by human fecal organisms

April 1989

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18 Reads

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10 Citations

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Microbial in vitro methods were used to evaluate 20 different sources of dietary fiber. Bacteria collected from human fecal matter were grown in continuous culture, bath culture and agar plates. Bacteria grown on pectin or Solka floc® (SW40) in continuous culture flasks were incubated in batch cultures. Experiments using human fecal bacteria, batch culture flasks and 16 sources of dietary fiber were conducted in order to study: (1) the water-holding capacity of the dietary fiber and the residues from fermentation; (2) the rates of gas release (measured 12 times over 24 h). The wide range in the water-holding capacity of the original substrates was greatly reduced after fermentation and was normalized to about 3.5 g water g-1 of residual organic matter (OM). Estimated gas release per 24 h g-1 of OM fermented ranged from 543 ml for pectin to 370 ml for psyllium. Composition of the gas released in continuous culture flasks fed pectin was manipulated by the presence or lack of wheat straw. This wheat straw was used as an inert, insoluble dietary fiber source. Long-term depression in the capacity of the inocula to ferment pectin was induced by feeding Solka floc® to a person or to bacteria grown in continuous culture flasks.



Colonic carcinogenesis: The microbial feast or famine mechanism

February 1987

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20 Reads

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37 Citations

A mechanism is presented which suggests that high-fat, high-protein, low-fiber diets can cause an unfavorable microbial environment in the human colon which predisposes some individuals towards large bowel diseases. The digesta leaving the ileum on high-fat, high-protein, low-fiber diets has a high proportion of mucins, malabsorbed carbohydrates and proteins, bile acids, and sloughed epithelial cells. The irregular (pulsatile) emptying of rapidly fermentable ileal digesta into the colon causes a massive surge in microbial activity. The sudden availability of rapidly fermentable substrate generates a large microbial population in the exponential growth phase that soon depletes its substrate. For microorganisms to perpetuate until the next high-fat, high-protein, low-fiber meal propels ileal digesta into the colon, they must induce enzymes to ferment dying or dead microbes (cannibalism) in addition to colonic epithelial mucosa and mucins. As the carbohydrate-to-nitrogen ratio of the colonic contents decreases, the fermentation becomes more proteolytic and subacute levels of fermentation products such as ammonia may be generated. Carcinogens are concentrated within a small colonic mass and the probability of precancerous lesions and polyps developing in the colonic mucosa is directly related to the severity, frequency, and duration of these microbial "feast or famine" situations in the colon.


Effect of in vitro fermentation using human faecal inoculum on the water-holding capacity of dietary fibre
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 1985

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214 Reads

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105 Citations

The British journal of nutrition

1. The water-holding capacities (WHC) of four sources of fibre were measured using dialysis membranes and osmotic-suction pressures of 45, 89 and 178 mosmol/l (1, 2 and 4 atm). At all pressures, pectin had the highest WHC, followed by cabbage (Brussicu oleruceu) and lucerne (Medicago sativu) and then cellulose. A suction pressure of 89 mosmol/l (2 atm) was used in the subsequent fermentation study since it had the lowest standard error of the mean and most closely approximated physiological conditions. 2. The four fibres were anaerobically fermented in vitro with human faecal inoculum for 24 h. The WHC of the fermentation residues were measured. The potential water-holding capacity (PWHC), a function of the extent of fermentability and the WHC of the fermentation residues, was highest for lucerne, followed by cellulose, then cabbage and, finally, pectin. Only the PWHC values ranked the four fibres in the same order as in vivo values. 3. It was concluded that the ethanol-insoluble residues containing unfermented fibre organic matter and microbial organic matter, both of which hold water, should be used to calculate PWHC and to predict the effect of fibre on rate of passage and faecal mass in humans.

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Citations (14)


... Numerous studies have shown that wheat bran is poorly hydrolysed by colonic bacteria, in part because the highly branched structure of arabinoxylans limits accessibility to bacteria (Brillouet & Mercier, 1981;. Conversely, PF is rich in extensively fermented uronic acids (Van Soest et al. 1983;Salvador et al. 1993) and galactose, a readily degraded sugar (Guillon et al. 1995). In addition, PF had a high WBC, which should make it more metabolizable since a positive relationship has been found between WBC and fibre fermentability (McBurney et al. 1985;Auffret et al. 1993). ...

Reference:

Digestive and metabolic effects of potato and maize fibres in human subjects
Some in Vitro and in Vivo Properties of Dietary Fibers from Noncereal Sources

ACS Symposium Series

P.J. Van Soest

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... The nutritive content of forage kochia was assessed in fall/winter of 2011-12 by one-way ANOVA using months as treatments (Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. and Jan.). Variables of interest included: dry matter (DM) (AOAC, 2000), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), ether extract (EE) 沙漠研究 25-3, 177 -180 (2015) Journal of Arid Land Studies -ICAL 2 Refereed paperand in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (Jeraci et al., 1988). Gas production (Min et al., 2005a(Min et al., , 2005b was assessed with a 2 × 7 factorial ANOVA using forage kochia (October samples), fresh alfalfa, and seven incubation times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 h). ...

New and improved procedure for neutral‐detergent fiber
  • Citing Article
  • January 1988

Journal of Animal Science

... Also an increased fermentation rate by the intestinal microbiota can lead to better nutrient ADC (Kihara & Sakata, 1997;Tulung et al., 1987). Furthermore, increased feed retention time can positively affect nutrient ADC (Van Soest et al., 1983). Increased feed retention time in the current experiment might have occurred because fish increased more than twice in size (resulting in an increase of the length of the intestine) and because of the time-related decrease in feed intake (Figure 1a; Table S2) Brunsgaard et al. (1995) found that the length of the adaptation period in rats is longer for NSP-rich diets. ...

Comparative fermentation of fibre in man and other animals
  • Citing Article
  • January 1983

... After mechanical separation, SBH were first grounded using a high-speed rotary cutter and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve (0.8 to 0.4 mm of particle diameter). The total lignin concentration was 0.7% (w/w), estimated using Van-Soest method and calculated in dry weight of SBH (Van Soest, Horvath, McBurney, Jeraci, & Allen, 1983). ...

Some in Vitro and in Vivo Properties of Dietary Fibers from Noncereal Sources

ACS Symposium Series

... It is well established that the ingestion of some types of dietary influence lipid levels (Razdan & Pettersson, 1994;Durdi & Gharejeh, 2001). Structural differences between fibers have been reported (Woodward et al., 1988;Jeraci & Lewis, 1999). These include differences in molecular weight (Cui, 2001) and solubility (Aman & Graham, 1987) but the cholesterol-lowering properties are approximately equivalent (Delaney et al., 2003). ...

Determination of soluble fiber components: (1- > 3; 1- > 4)-β-d-glucans and pectins
  • Citing Article
  • April 1989

Animal Feed Science and Technology

... Endosperm-aleuron layers possess a looser structure that is more accessible to bacterial enzymes and also contain most of the seed b-glucans (McMregor et al 1989). Their susceptibility to fermentation explains why fermentation of cell wall glucose is generally high in barley and oat brans compared to others of cereal origin such as wheat (Bourquin et al 1992) and maize brans, whose cellulose is known to be poorly degraded (Jeraci and Horvath 1989). ...

In vitro fermentation of dietary fiber by human fecal organisms
  • Citing Article
  • April 1989

Animal Feed Science and Technology

... Additionally, variable factors that lengthen or shorten the intestinal passage time must be considered. These include, but are not limited to: the amount of ingested food and water, the feed composition (Ehle et al., 1982), the animal's breed, physiological state and body weight (Miraglia et al., 1992) as well as illnesses (e.g. diarrhea) (Istrate et al., 2014). ...

The Influence of Dietary Fiber on Digestibility, Rate of Passage and Gastrointestinal Fermentation in Pigs
  • Citing Article
  • January 1982

Journal of Animal Science

... Starch ribbons containing high levels of urea were stiff because of the low mobility of urea compared with ribbons containing high levels of glycols. This result is due to the higher mobility or fluidity of glycols [67,68,71,72,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. ...

Analysis of Foodstuffs for Dietary Fiber by the Urea Enzymatic Dialysis Method
  • Citing Article
  • February 1990

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

... Resistant starch is considered a form of dietary fibre, which may explain why insoluble dietary fibre accounted for such a large proportion (92.5%) of the TDF in FB [55]. Additionally, Jeraci et al. (1990) stated that the AOAC method for measuring total fibre can be influenced by the presence of certain components such as ash, proteins, tannins, and resistant starches [56]. ...

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
  • Citing Article
  • February 1990

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology