José L. Sanz's research while affiliated with Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and other places

... These drawbacks of the AS technology push scientists to use a novel technology like membrane bioreactor (MBR). MBR has many advantages such as a small footprint, high solid-liquid separation and production of good effluent quality Tawfik et al., 2022). When MBR operates, the solid-liquid separation takes place across membrane filtration. ...

... This Egyptian obstacle represents a big challenge for achieving the sustainability aims, results in a serious health and environmental problems for the society [1]. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered one of the most widely methods for treating of domestic wastewater [2], industrial wastewater [3], solid waste [4], agriculture waste [5] and sewage sludge [6] prior to discharge into water bodies. One of the benefits of using the anaerobic digestion process for treating different aspects of wastewater, including sewage sludge, is the produced biogas that could be used as a new renewable energy source and could be exploited for producing heat, steam, electricity, or even vehicle fuel [7,8]. ...

... Numerous studies like 5 have been conducted on photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds to CO 2 . Recently, many novel nanoparticles have been fabricated for environmental applications 6 . The most popular nano-catalyst and photo-catalyst in the same time is titanium (TiO 2 ) because it is readily available and stable under a variety of reaction settings 7 . ...

... Our finding confirmed that the TiO 2 NPs and TiO 2 @Ag core-shell NS promoted the transformation of organic compounds to bio-methane via acetoclastic methanogens, which may be the reason for the increasing bio-methane production with consuming all acetate groups. These findings were comparable to those of Tawfik et al. [54] who indicated that percent of 98 % from acetic acid has been removed in the anaerobic digestion process via acetolactic methanogens. The highest removal of T.VFAs (86.7 %) was obtained after using TiO 2 @Ag core-shell NS and this enhancement could be due to the increment of the TiO 2 NPs activity after doping with Ag NPs ions as shown in Fig. 7. ...

... This is the case of the FISH study in a Dallol brine (D10) by Gómez et al. (57). Doubt can be also cast on another study claiming the extensive occurrence of methanogenesis at high temperature, high ionic strength, and pH close to zero in Dallol brines (60). In that study, the authors inoculated Dallol brines on culture media for methanogenic archaea and incubated these inoculated media at 45°C and 95°C for 6 months. ...

... in turn affect local hydrogeochemistry Casar et al., 2020;Mehrshad et al., 2021;Sahu et al., 2022;Soares et al., 2023). Microcosms mimicking the in situ geochemistry offer a possibility to study the development of biofilm communities and their interactions with the available mineral surfaces, and long-term incubations facilitate observations of changing dynamics in the rockwater interphase dwelling microbial communities (Leandro et al., 2018;Sanz et al., 2021;Nuppunen-Puputti et al., 2022). As energy and carbon sources are limiting factors in the deep subsurface as well as in long microcosm incubation simulations, the microbial genera able to use rock surfaces as their nutrient source are more likely to thrive. ...

... The developments in wastewater treatment in the last 100 years or so, have been possible in accordance with the accuracy and polishing of the models which represent the hydraulics of the reactors as well as the chemical and biochemical reactions that take place inside. Almost all unit operations in wastewater treatment plants are reactors: (a) pretreatment unit operations such as screening, comminution, sedimentation for grit removal, skimming, and flow equalization; (b) primary treatment unit operations such as sedimentation and flotation; (c) secondary treatment unit operations such as biological processes (aerobic or anaerobic); (d) tertiary treatment unit operations such as filtration, air stripping, adsorption, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, and disinfection processes including chlorination, ozonation or UV irradiation [5][6][7][8]. While in the pretreatment and primary treatment unit operations, the driving forces inside the reactors are physical whose purpose is mainly to separate suspended solids from water [9,10], in the secondary treatment the reactors are designed to guarantee the best conditions for biological treatment (i.e., organic matter oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification). ...

... Insectivory has also been attributed to the small crocodyliform Cassissuchus(Buscalioni 2017; Fig. 6) and the medium-sized and ornithomimid dinosaur Pelecanimimus, according to its unique dentition (multitoothed rows, with dozens of small teeth)(Pérez-Moreno et al. 1994). The status of Tertiary consumer remains difficult to allocate to any taxa in the land environment because there are no strictly identifiable carnivore tetrapods; the carcharodontosaurid Concavenator(Ortega et al. 2010;Cuesta et al. 2019), the largest animal recorded at Las Hoyas(Fig. 6), arguably represented a Quaternary top consumer in the system. ...

... Many large theropods, including Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, and Ceratosaurus, in the Morrison Formation, but also Monolophosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, Concavenator, Cryolophosaurus, Dilophosaurus, Giganotosaurus, and other carnosaurs elsewhere, possessed decorative head ornamentation and other elaborate features that would have been obstacles to animals that relied on stealth during ambush, stalking, or pursuit behaviors (Gates et al., 2016). The same is true of modern vultures, which often exhibit bizarre display features that serve to help identify conspecifics and to intimidate competitors at carcass sites, and interestingly, this also may have been the case in Thylacosmilus (Graves, 2016;Cuesta et al., 2018;Janis et al., 2020). ...

... in turn affect local hydrogeochemistry Casar et al., 2020;Mehrshad et al., 2021;Sahu et al., 2022;Soares et al., 2023). Microcosms mimicking the in situ geochemistry offer a possibility to study the development of biofilm communities and their interactions with the available mineral surfaces, and long-term incubations facilitate observations of changing dynamics in the rockwater interphase dwelling microbial communities (Leandro et al., 2018;Sanz et al., 2021;Nuppunen-Puputti et al., 2022). As energy and carbon sources are limiting factors in the deep subsurface as well as in long microcosm incubation simulations, the microbial genera able to use rock surfaces as their nutrient source are more likely to thrive. ...