Jose Joel Cruz-Tarrillo’s research while affiliated with Peruvian Union University and other places

Tourism has become one of the most important industries in the business world, significantly impacting various economies. In order to have a better understanding of tourist behavior, this study aims to examine the image of the destination and the value of the brand as predictors of the behavior of tourists, assuming happiness as a mediating link. From a quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional methodological perspective, the information of a sample of 425 tourists was analyzed. The results support that tourist happiness predicts their intention to revisit a tourist destination (Path Coefficient 0.921). Also, tourist happiness and the intention to revisit predict the intention to recommend a tourist place. These results suggest that tourist happiness plays a fundamental role in aspects such as loyalty and the promotion of a destination, so it is important for tourism companies to promote tourist happiness as a marketing strategy that drives them to word-of-mouth recommendations and the intention to revisit a tourist destination.

Democracy is a fundamental part of a society, and it refers to the condition in which citizens exercise their autonomy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of democratic management on citizen participation. The study was approached from the positivist paradigm, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the participants were 416 Peruvians and 105 Ecuadorians. An exploratory analysis was carried out to determine the factorial structure of the constructs, and a confirmatory analysis was conducted for its validity. Subsequently, the structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. The results present a three-dimensional structure (Citizenship legislation, Representative and responsible Government, Civil society and participation) of the democratic management variable. Likewise, the citizen participation variable presents a three-dimensional structure (opinionative, associative, Electoral-Partisan). On the other hand, the SEM model presents an adequate fit with an x2/df = 4.248, TLI is 0.911, CFI= 0.929, and RMSEA= 0.080. The hypothesis tests show an influence of democratic management on optimistic citizen participation with a ? of 0.861 and a significance of 0.000 (p<0.001) in the associative participation of citizens with a ? of 0.678 and a statistical significance of 0.000 (p<0.001), and democratic participation with a ? of 0.814 and 678 and a statistical significance of p<0.001. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the influence of these variables, highlighting the importance of strengthening democratic mechanisms for citizen participation. Received: 25 August 2024 / Accepted: 23 April 2025 / Published: 06 May 2025

Tourism has become one of the most important activities, contributing significantly to national development. That is why understanding tourist behavior is essential but also very complex, as each tourist manifests different motivations when making a tourist trip. The objective of this research has been to evaluate the psychometric perspectives and invariance of the tourist behavior scale in the Peruvian context. The study focuses on the positivist paradigm with a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional methodological perspective. The data collection was carried out with a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience to tourists who visited the tourist destinations of the Peruvian jungle as Laguna Azul, Ahuashiyacu, Alto Mayo, Lamas, obtaining as a sample 778 valid responses. The results show a two-dimensional scale (intention to revisit α=0.819; intention to recommend α=0.882) with adequate internal consistency indices. On the other hand, the convergent and discriminant validation indices (CR=0.825; 0.850; AVE=0.612; 0.654) guarantee a valid and representative scale. Furthermore, the scale’s factor structure was shown to be strictly invariant in the groups of men and women, which suggests that both genders share a similar conception of the tourist behavior scale and have a similar interpretation of the items of each factor. In conclusion, the factorial invariance indicates that the scale can be reliably applied in mixed samples (men and women), guaranteeing its validity and reliability in the measurement of tourism behavior. Furthermore, it is suggested to consider its use in future research and in the evaluation of tourism marketing strategies, since it is an accurate and robust tool for understanding tourists’ intentions.

Considering the importance of entrepreneurship education in the social and economic sphere, the objective of this study was to examine how entrepreneurship education influences the development of innovative skills and entrepreneurial confidence of university students. To do this, it was necessary to adopt a quantitative methodological perspective to understand the relationship between the study variables. Through the application of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the development of the structural equation model (SEM), it was possible to know and confirm the effect and statistical relationship between the variables. The participants of this research were made up of a total of 701 students under quota sampling selection. Entrepreneurship education has been found to significantly influence the promotion of innovative skills and the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study reveals that the acquisition of innovation competencies is a prerequisite for students to perform well in the business environment. These competencies not only enable them to adapt to changing environments but also foster creativity, systems thinking, and effective problem-solving. This study provides empirical evidence that entrepreneurship education is a relevant factor in strengthening and developing students’ innovation competencies and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of education and academic performance in the context of virtual university education. The research presents a quantitative approach, of basic type, with a descriptive causal correlational level, non-experimental and cross-sectional design, in a sample of 663 university students who participated in classes in the virtual modality. Likewise, exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used, where the results of the study reveal a positive relationship between monitoring and virtual skills in academic performance, with a ? value equal to 0.392 and a p-value equal to 0.005. In addition, a more substantial positive effect was found between virtual learning resources and academic performance, with a ? value equal to 0.504 and a p-value less than 0.001. In conclusion, these findings have significant implications for the design of educational policies and training programs that promote adequate support and the development of competencies in virtual environments. The learning experience can be improved by strengthening these areas and maximizing the potential of students in virtual education. Received: 9 March 2024 / Accepted: 24 June 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024

Through business creation, technological progress, and innovation led by entrepreneurs, the country's wealth production and the well-being of citizens can be improved. The study analyzes business education and entrepreneurial competence as predictors of entrepreneurial intention in university students. This research is framed from a quantitative, causal correlational methodological perspective through a structural equation model, the sample of which is comprised of 377 university students. The results show that the model's fit was adequate, with a Chi-square value of 1149.09, 521 degrees of freedom (p=0.000<0.001), and a Chi-square/df ratio of 2.21. The goodness-of-fit indicators, incremental fit, and parsimony measures obtained values within the acceptable range. In conclusion, there is a significant influence (?=0.77) between business education and entrepreneurial competence (p=0.000<0.001) and between entrepreneurial competence and the intention to start a business (? = 0.87). However, the influence (p=0.135<0.05) between business education and entrepreneurial intention was insignificant. The university curriculum must have practical entrepreneurship courses with experienced teachers to transfer entrepreneurship knowledge and incubators, allowing students to inspire and strengthen their entrepreneurship abilities. Received: 8 February 2024 / Accepted: 26 May 2024 / Published: 02 July 2024

In this context where we live, equal access and participation of young people to financial services is a pending agenda. This research aims to determine financial inclusion's influence on higher education students' financial culture. This research is carried out under the parameters of the positivist paradigm with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. It was necessary to apply non-probabilistic convenience sampling to collect the data, obtaining 920 respondents. On the other hand, the exploratory and confirmatory analysis was carried out to find the factorial structure of the constructs. Furthermore, to test the proposed theoretical model, applying the methodology of structural equations was necessary. The results indicate an influence between the study variables, obtaining a ?= 0.855 and a p-value of 0.000. Besides, financial products influence financial culture with a ?= 0.331 and a p-value of 0.000), financial services in financial culture with a ?= 0.321 and a p-value of 0.000, and customer service channels in financial culture with a ?= 0.279 and a p-value of 0.000. Received: 11 November 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre la calidad de servicios con la satisfacción y la lealtad de los clientes de la empresa Grupo de Alimentos SAC. El tipo de investigación fue básica, con un enfoque cuantitativo, se consideró un nivel de investigación descriptivo correlacional y un diseño no experimental. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta aplicada a 135 clientes. Luego de analizar los datos se determinó que la correlación entre la calidad de servicio y la satisfacción del cliente es de un p – valor = 0.000 y Rho = 0.467 que demuestra una relación significativa positiva media; y se determinó la correlación entre la calidad de servicio y la lealtad del cliente de un p – valor = 0.000 y Rho = 0.466 que también demuestra una relación significativa positiva media. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar que al realizar esfuerzos por mejorar la calidad de servicio impactará en la satisfacción y la lealtad de los clientes.

The various events that have occurred in the last five years have allowed companies to undergo a transformation in order to maintain their relevance and relevance, the purpose of this research is to determine the influence of internal marketing on the culture of innovation. For the achievement of this objective, the investigation adopted a cross-sectional methodological perspective, the sample was constituted by 380 participants to whom the scale of internal marketing and innovation culture was applied. The results obtained show that development, recruitment and internal communication are predictors of innovation culture. Likewise, a moderate and statistically significant relationship is shown between the two variables. It is concluded that the predominance of internal marketing components predicts a culture of innovation in its different pillars.

Undeniably, this new normality brought about by COVID-19 represents an extraordinary challenge for universities, from strengthening infrastructure, technology, and quality of services, to achieving happiness in their collaborators. In response, this study aims to examine the effect of servant leadership on happiness at work, with emotional salary as a moderating variable. The paper adopted a quantitative methodological perspective with a non-experimental design whose study sample consisted of 269 collaborators among teachers and support staff of the Peruvian Union University, Peru. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the latent structure of the constructs, presenting an adequate internal consistency (α > 0.7). On the other hand, the confirmatory factor analysis presented an adequate fit. The results showed a significant effect (β = 0.306; p < 0.001) of servant leadership on emotional salary, as well as a significant effect of emotional salary on happiness at work (β = 0.724; p < 0.001). This study provides a valuable perspective for universities seeking to improve the happiness of their employees in the context of the new normal. It emphasizes the importance of servant leadership and emotional salary to achieve this goal. By implementing these strategies, universities can increase employee satisfaction and improve the quality of their services and the student experience.