May 2014
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8 Reads
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5 Citations
Psychonomic Science
No differences between learning and nonlearning rats were found in neurochemical measures in the ventral hippocampus but differences were present in the medial ventral cortex.
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May 2014
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8 Reads
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5 Citations
Psychonomic Science
No differences between learning and nonlearning rats were found in neurochemical measures in the ventral hippocampus but differences were present in the medial ventral cortex.
May 2014
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6 Reads
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2 Citations
Psychonomic Science
Rats fed magnesium pemoline showed enhanced conditioning and decreased RNA and protein synthesis.
February 2014
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2 Reads
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5 Citations
Psychonomic Science
RNA/DNA, protein/DNA, and protein/RNA ratios, supplemented by radioisotope indices, indicated that portions of the ventral cortex and dorsal cortex in the rat may contribute uniquely to shock avoidance behavior.
December 2013
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4 Reads
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9 Citations
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
Fifteen rats showing prominent oscillation patterns in latency during sequential alternation of unilateral amygdaloid stimulation were separated into three groups of five rats each. Group 1 rats were rested for 1 month prior to continuing sequential alternations. Groups 2 and 3 rats were rested for 3 months and 6 months, respectively. In spite of these rest intervals, most rats continued to show the same oscillation pattern as that before the rest period.
December 2013
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1 Read
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3 Citations
Physiological Psychology
Use of the kindling effect for laboratory work in physiological psychology courses is suggested. This effect can involve a number of learning experiences: making bipolar electrodes, implanting these electrodes in the amygdala, stimulating animals and observing behavior for weeks or months, doing histological analyses. A simple kindling experiment for a full term is described.
December 2013
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13 Reads
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1 Citation
Physiological Psychology
Data from a number of sequential alternation experiments for 125 subjects were factor analyzed to determine the number of common factors present. Three measures (mean latency of convulsion, mean number of trials to, six convulsions, mean duration of convulsions) were evaluated by principal components analyses. The presence of two factors was suggested in the latency, criterion, and duration measures (primary site stimulation, secondary site stimulation). The two factors were more clearly defined for the latency data than for the other measures. Further analyses with individual trials (rather than means) for the 125 subjects provided approximately the same results. Factor analyses of data from 35 rats stimulated only on one side showed the presence of one factor in all analyses. These results suggest a two-factor interpretation of kindling events, possibly the two effects of Goddard et al. and McIntyre and Goddard: a long-term neurological circuitry modification for each of the primary and secondary sites and a short-term aftereffect which accounts for the negative-transfer aspects from the primary to the secondary site.
December 2013
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14 Reads
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6 Citations
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
A study was conducted to evaluate the notion that the relationship between a number and its referent determines the type of statistical analysis required (the measurement-statistics issue). A number of transformations of original data were performed in which the meaningfulness of this relationship was modified. No change in statistical analyses resulted, even when meaningfulness was at zero, or near zero, levels with random transformations.
November 2013
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10 Reads
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6 Citations
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
Previous research indicated that an oscillation effect resulted during sequential alternation of unilateral electrical stimulation of the amygdala over 10 phases of six clonic convulsions per phase, with consistent low latency values for one side and consistent high values for the contralateral one (i.e., a fluctuation of low and high values on consecutive phases). In the present experiment 10 rats were stimulated for up to 50 phases. Four of the 10 showed remarkable patterns of oscillation in latency data: One oscillated on every one of 50 phases, two showed oscillation patterns on 48 of 50 phases, and the fourth oscillated on every one of 32 phases.
November 2013
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11 Reads
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1 Citation
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
Data from a number of kindling experiments involving 60 convulsion trials were evaluated by a truncated principal components factor analysis to determine the number of common factors present. These data were obtained on 123 rats in which periodic low-intensity unilateral stimulation was alternated from one amygdala to the other after six convulsions on each side. Two dependent variables (latency of convulsion, duration of convulsion) were analyzed over Trials 1–60, 1–24, 25–60, 1–12, 13–24, 25–36, 37–48, and 49–60 for each dependent variable. Two factors appeared for all latency analyses: primary site stimulation (first side stimulated), secondary site stimulation (second side stimulated). The factor resolution was not clear for the duration measure; two to four factors were suggested in the various analyses.
November 2013
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13 Reads
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7 Citations
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
Three groups of rats were subjected to a sequence of electrical stimulations alternating from one amygdala to the contralateral one. In Group 1 each stimulation was for one convulsion prior to stimulation of the opposite side. Rats in Group 2 had six convulsions per phase. Twelve convulsions per phase were provided for Group 3 rats. The oscillation tendency (high values for one side, low values for the other side) was prominent with all groups, but seemed less prevalent for the rats in the one convulsion per phase group.
... In the last 20 years there have been attempts by many investigators to determine the brain neurochemical events which occur during learning behavior (Gaito, 1966(Gaito, , 1971. Molecular Psychobiology Laboratory personnel at York University have been engaged in this task for approximately a decade (Gaito, 1972). A major problem in these attempts has been that of ensuring that the control or "nonlearning" animal does not show learning so as to contrast sharply with the "learning" animal. ...
January 1972
... By manipulating these variables, we can " turn on" or "turn off' kindling behavior . Likewise, kindling behavior can be prevented before development (Gaito, 1982;Gaito & Gaito, 1980) as well as after it is present. ...
February 1982
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
... There is now available much research which indicates that, during learning and other behaviors, changes in the amount of RNA and protein usually occur (Gaito, 1971). There is the assumption that DNA sites which are completely, or relatively, quiescent are stimulated to become active to produce RNA, which event ultimately results in protein synthesis (Bonner, 1966;Gaito, 1964Gaito, , 1971. It is, therefore, possible that cells involved in a learning task have a slightly different protein complement than before involvement. ...
August 1964
Psychological Reports
... In the course of investigating kindling, we have noted that kindling behavior could be altered or prevented by stimulation with low-frequency sine-wave stimulation (suppression effect). In a series of experiments, we found that 1-or 3-Hz sine-wave stimulation at moderate intensities before and/or after a 6O-Hzstimulation trial suppressed the tendency of the 60-Hz current to produce kindling behavior (Gaito, 1979, 1980a, 1980bGaito, Nobrega, & Gaito, 1980). The experiments with 3-Hz stimulation were conducted at an intertrial interval of 1 h between the imposition of the 3-and 6O-Hz stimulation trials. ...
April 2013
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
... By manipulating these variables, we can " turn on" or "turn off' kindling behavior . Likewise, kindling behavior can be prevented before development (Gaito, 1982;Gaito & Gaito, 1980) as well as after it is present. ...
May 2013
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
... In previous papers, we have described factor analyses concerned with determining the number of common factors underlying data involving phase means (Gaito, Gaito, & Nobrega, 1977)and also data involving each of the 60 convulsion trials (Gaito & Gaito , 1979). The results indicated two clearly separated factors in both cases with latency data (time between onset of stimulation and onset of convulsion): the primary site stimulation and the secondary site stimulation factor. ...
September 2013
Physiological Psychology
... An analysis of variance statistical procedure indicated that the recipients of supernatant from kindled animals showed a significantly greater mean number of trials to CC than did the two control groups (F = 5.61;df= 1,18, P < .05). Significant differences did not occur when C was compared to S. These results are consistent with those in the preliminary work ( Gaito et al, 1973). ...
May 2013
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
... However, this activation cannot be proved direct1y. Direct proof of the activation of DNA is possible, e_g., by hybridization methods (e.g., Machlus & Gaito, 1968). However, we suppose that indirect methods may also present suitable results. ...
March 2013
Psychonomic Science
... In the course of investigating kindling, we have noted that kindling behavior could be altered or prevented by stimulation with low-frequency sine-wave stimulation (suppression effect). In a series of experiments, we found that 1-or 3-Hz sine-wave stimulation at moderate intensities before and/or after a 6O-Hzstimulation trial suppressed the tendency of the 60-Hz current to produce kindling behavior (Gaito, 1979, 1980a, 1980bGaito, Nobrega, & Gaito, 1980). The experiments with 3-Hz stimulation were conducted at an intertrial interval of 1 h between the imposition of the 3-and 6O-Hz stimulation trials. ...
February 2013
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
... Another possibility is to make use of the kindling effect for laboratory exercises ( Gaito. 1974; Goddard. Mcintyre. & Leech. 1969). A group of researchers (Goddard et at .. 1969) have found that repeated low-intensity stimulation, via implanted electrodes in a number of subcortical sites, eventually leads to bilateral clonic convulsions . For example, electrical stimulation administered daily to the amygdala produces clonic convul ...
March 2013
Physiological Psychology