John Farrington's research while affiliated with University of Aberdeen and other places
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Publications (47)
Reporting on a study in the North East of Scotland, this paper presents the impact on rural micro businesses of public policy-led next generation broadband (NGB) upgrades to broadband infrastructure. Two major strands of research are presented, digital connectivity and micro business development. Examining digital connectivity, we conclude that dig...
This paper considers the contribution made to transport geography research at the University of Aberdeen over the last century. In section one, the earliest work in transport geography emphasised the physical connectivity provided by transport through infrastructure networks. Section 2 discusses the contribution made at Aberdeen to debates around a...
The research was undertaken during the Next Generation Broadband (NGB) upgrade programme, the Broadband UK Delivery programme, across North East Scotland. It addressed three objectives: first, to identify and then track the NGB deployment across the North East of Scotland; second, to investigate business use of internet communication technologies (...
The Internet can bestow significant benefits upon those who use it. The prima facie case for an urban-rural digital divide is widely acknowledged, but detailed accounts of the spatial patterns of digital communications infrastructure are rarely reported. In this paper we present original analysis of data published by the UK telecommunications regul...
Community-led broadband initiatives represent a relatively recent shift in rural broadband provision. They are locally-led organisations that voluntarily spring up to respond to the lack, or perceived lack, of adequate broadband in their communities. Particularly present in rural spaces, few studies have investigated this mode of broadband delivery...
In the UK, the geography of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure required for Internet connectivity is such that high speed broadband and mobile phone networks are generally less available in rural areas compared with urban areas or, in other words, as remoteness and population sparsity increase so too does the likelihood o...
This paper utilises a community resilience framework to critically examine the digital-rural policy agenda. Rural areas are sometimes seen as passive and static, set in contrast to the mobility of urban, technological and globalisation processes (Bell et al., 2010). In response to notions of rural decline (McManus et al., 2012) rural resilience lit...
This paper explores how an evaluative framework of resilience might be utilised to assess the impact of new digital technologies. This paper outlines key themes and indicators from recent literature on community-level and rural resilience and incorporates insights from work on digital inclusion and rural information and communication technologies t...
Digital communication is a routine element of everyday life. Well-established communications technologies such as telephones and televisions have been joined, more recently, by widespread use of mobile telecommunications and by digital connectivity associated with the Internet. The use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) relies upon...
By using detailed data on Internet access and use in rural and urban areas of Britain, we show the effect of low-speed broadband connection on people’s use of the Internet and the services it provides. We use a three-fold definition of deep rural, shallow rural, and urban areas to explore the nature of the digital divides between these areas, and t...
By using detailed data on Internet access and use in rural and urban areas of Britain, we show the effect of low-speed broadband connection on people’s use of the Internet and the services it provides. We use a three-fold definition of deep rural, shallow rural, and urban areas to explore the nature of the digital divides between these areas, and t...
Abstract – The Digital Economy has opened up new opportunities for societal wellbeing across many
domains of life. However, the market dependency of the landscape of connection has resulted in communities which have inadequate broadband infrastructure and are off the digital map. This form of digital exclusion is most notable in remote, rural areas...
Communications technologies, and in particular the Internet, support the formation of vast and distributed social networks and are fuelling changes in sociability. For residents of remote rural regions, they offer the promise of overcoming geographical barriers and enabling isolated and dispersed individuals to link to each other and to the rest of...
This paper examines the relationship between rural dwellers and Internet technology and aims to understand how that relationship is altered with a significant increase in broadband speed. It presents an argument for using ‘resilience’ as a framework for such technological impact research, positing its potential usefulness for identifying alternativ...
By using detailed data on Internet access and use in rural and urban areas of Britain, we show the effect of low-speed broadband connection on people’s use of the Internet and the services it provides. We use a three-fold definition of deep rural, shallow rural, and urban areas to explore the nature of the digital divides between these areas, and t...
The Digital Economy (DE) has opened up new opportunities for societal wellbeing across many domains of life. Businesses and government in the UK and elsewhere are seeking to capitalize upon these opportunities in terms of reduced operational costs and improved services. However, a sizeable minority of the UK population lack access to basic DE enabl...
A sizeable minority of the UK population lack access to basic digitally-enabled services and therefore do not yet participate in the Digital Economy. There is a growing social and economic gap between those who are connected and those who are not, the 'digitally excluded'. This submission outlines available evidence as to the extent of broadband co...
The fares that passengers are asked to pay for their journey have implications on such things as passenger transport choice, demand, cost recovery and revenue generation for the transport provider. Designing an efficient fare structure is therefore a fundamental problem, which can influence the type of transport options passengers utilise, and may...
This paper explores the existing context of public transport provision in rural and remote areas illustrated with experience from Scotland. A critical review of existing Flexible Transport Services (FTS) in rural areas is provided and illustrated with selected case studies, with the objective of identifying the extent to which FTS can enhance the p...
Rural citizens protest about changes in their model of local health services provision, appealing to a concept of social justice for equivalence of accessibility to services. This article explores the areas where citizens perceive deficits in social justice regarding services and the extent to which their appeals might have support in law and gover...
The use of science-based tools for impact assessment has increasingly gained focus in addressing the complexity of interactions between environment, society, and economy. For integrated assessment of policies affecting land use, an analytical framework was developed. The aim of our work was to apply the analytical framework for specific scenario ca...
The PolicyGrid project is exploring the role of Grid, Semantic Web, and Web 2.0 technologies to support e-Social Science, with particular emphasis on tools to facilitate evidence-based policy making. In this article, we discuss the challenges associated with construction of a provenance framework to support evidence-based policy assessment. We then...
This paper presents findings from a qualitative study investigating older people's health service provision in remote rural Scotland. Comparing stakeholders' perspectives, contested issues were exposed where community members, service managers and policymakers disagreed. Considering these, led to the proposal that fundamental tensions exist between...
This paper reports upon the development of a policy assessment tool designed to evaluate the outcomes of policies promoting increased accessibility to services in rural areas. Much public policy is now concerned with addressing issues (such as accessibility) that span traditional organisational responsibilities and boundaries and thus require ‘join...
Summary
In the SENSOR project, indicators provide a means to measure the sustainability of land use changes
and related (policy) options with regard to their impacts on a range of environmental, economic and
social issues. The Sustainability Impact Assessment Tools (SIAT) developed in the project make use of
a host of modelling tools and their outp...
A New Opportunity for the Railway?The Railway under LabourA Crisis on the RailwayRethinking Railway PolicyIncredible TargetsA Railway Renaissance?Notes
TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHIES
Chapter Seven
The Geography of Rural Transport
David Gray, John Farrington and Andreas Kagermeier
Introduction
In this chapter we consider the geography of rural transport.
Planning and providing transport in rural areas provide particular challenges, a legacy of often large geographic areas and low population densities...
The context of sustainability as embodied in SENSOR, using the 'triple bottom line' concept, is briefly identified, and consequent frameworks and criteria for identifying indicators are discussed. These theoretical and practical criteria set significant constraints on the possible indicators to be used. The indicators are discussed in a summary for...
The dramatic changes in land use observed in Europe in the last fifty years have generally resulted in improvement of human welfare and economic development. On the other hand, they have caused serious environmental problems. There is therefore a need for approaches that help to understand in an integrative way the economic, environmental and socie...
A new narrative of accessibility has been incorporated into policy discourses in Great Britain. The paper’s aim is to contribute to the welcome debate in transport geography which concerns itself with accessibility and its potential relation with wider discourses, particularly those of sustainability, globalisation and new mobilities. The paper off...
The PolicyGrid project is exploring the role of Semantic Grid technologies to support eScience for the social sciences, with a particular emphasis on tools to facilitate evidence-based policy making. In this paper we highlight some of the key challenges facing developers of semantic infrastructure and tools for social science researchers. We outlin...
Finding interesting publications and useful data, and sharing those with other researchers, is a vital part of research that yet should not take too much time away from the research itself. Semantic Grid technologies provide useful support for resource sharing, but their tools can be difficult to master. This paper describes the development of an i...
The concept of social capital has been used by numerous authors to investigate various topics. As yet, however, little attention has been paid to its relationship with mobility and social exclusion. Those findings which have been published suggest that the maintenance of social capital and associated networks within and between communities largely...
Summary This paper presents a case study of rail freight privatization in the UK within the context of wider debates about globalization, the neo-liberal privatization programme and the role of the state. The case study reveals the interventionist role played by the state in both legitimizing the process of privatization and selling the idea to a r...
Accessibility has become established as a mainstream policy goal in the service of the UK Government’s aims of achieving greater social inclusion and social justice. It is argued that a better understanding of the relationship between conceptualisations of accessibility and these policy aims would be of value in understanding the potential of acces...
The Development of Policies to Promote Accessibility in Rural Areas in Great Britain
British Rail was privatised by the Conservative government of 1992–1997. This privatisation was driven primarily by political ideology and there is little to suggest the policy was implemented as part of an integrated transport strategy designed to encourage modal shift from road to rail. Since privatisation, however, passenger numbers and freight...
This paper examines dependence on the car in rural Scotland, assesses the impact of the fuel duty escalator on rural communities and discusses the role of the new Scottish Executive in shaping future rural transport policy. Questionnaires, interviews and travel diaries were used in five areas and revealed that households in rural Scotland enjoy hig...
The current government has significantly reduced the scale of the road-building programme. Instead of new roads, where practical it wishes to see alternative, more sustainable, transport strategies pursued in attempts to reduce problems of traffic congestion. These strategies are to be evaluated within a new form of transport-assessment framework k...
The Greater Easterhouse area of Glasgow is one of the most deprived areas of Europe. Action programs are tackling this deprivation with investment to improve housing, employment prospects, health, and education. Within many of these programs transport is a key theme and this paper describes how community transport is being developed and co-ordinate...
Evidence-based policy assessment requires evidence from a variety of sources (quantitative and qualitative) to be gathered and then synthesised to form an evaluation of a policy's aims or outcomes. In this paper we argue that an appropriate provenance framework is an essential pre-requisite for any eSocial Science solution which aims to support suc...
This paper considers how the concepts of provenance, developed in eScience and argumentation can be applied to eSocial Science, specifically Evidence Based Policy Assessment. Using the Accessibility Policy Assessment Tool as an illustrative example of Evidence Based Policy Assessment, the stages in the Accessibility Policy Assessment Tool are exami...
Change in agriculture is inextricably linked with deep-seated economic and social change within the wider community. Farm household decisions are subject to external conditions operating on global to local scales, as are other rural businesses. Intertwined with agricultural change are farm succession issues, such as patterns of inheritance, transfe...
This paper considers how the concept of data provenance, developed in e-Science, can be applied to e-Social Science, specifically Evidence Based Policy Assessment. It considers what Evidence Based Policy Assessment is and what types of information can be used in such research. Quantitative and qualitative data and analytical/ interpretative approac...
Citations
... In general, governments augmented their investment in various economic sectors, particularly in ICT infrastructure, during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only a comparatively small proportion of these investments were allocated to rural areas (Palmer-Abbs et al., 2021). Given that villages are scattered and there are not a lot of ICT users in rural areas, it is not economical for the private sector to spend money on digitalizing these regions (McMahon and Akçayır, 2022). ...
... Philo, 1992) and attending to difference and 'otherness', giving a voice to marginalised, overlooked and discriminated against individuals and groups. A concern with inequalities in rural society implicitly framed, for example, Farrington's work on accessibility in rural areas (Farrington & Farrington, 2005;Halden, Farrington, & Copus, 2002), the development of an accessibility policy appraisal tool (Farrington et al., 2004) and rural community transport as a means of developing social capital and promoting social inclusion (Gray, Shaw, & Farrington, 2006). Lorna Philip was one of four individuals who joined the staff of the Geography Department in 2004 following institutional changes that led to the closure of the Department of Land Economy, a department that had a strong reputation for rural social science research. ...
... As long as one of the participants ranked the indicator as having at least "some importance", it remained in the index. The method of aggregating multiple metrics of sustainability with different units and scales used is based on previous studies using a similar methodology [105,106]. ...
... A resilient approach to transport should be based on the use of new ways of managing user access in order to ensure social distance and transport safety and with the support, including promotional support, of new apps for mobility management (in the Mobility as a Service model) in the case of local public transport (such as buses, streetcars, metro, railways) and cab services, they should also catalyze medium and long-distance travel between different districts or from municipalities in the metropolitan area and the rest of the region [83,84]. Demand responsive or shared services can complete the public transport offer, performing the service exclusively by booking and transporting one passenger at a time (or two if they live together). ...
... Il s'agit, notamment pour l'usage de la voiture, de bénéfices d'estime de soi, de sentiments de maîtrise, d'autonomie, de protection et de prestige, d'autoréalisation et d'affirmation de soi [13,[20][21][22]. En outre, une composante sociale et/ou identitaire peut intervenir, en tant que la voiture particulière (VP) peut permettre l'expression d'une position sociale, d'un statut [23], de l'appartenance à un certain groupe [24], d'afficher un capital symbolique [25]. La voiture permet aussi l'incarnation d'attributs désirables, notamment la modernité, la liberté et l'individualité [15]. ...
... In particular, Philip et al. (2017) report that speed and reliability of broadband connection are significantly determined by the 'last mile' distance between users and the communications network. If the 'last mile' exceeds approximately 1.2 km, superfast broadband that uses cables and copper wires (e.g., Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL), Fibre broadband, etc) is no longer available and speeds are then limited (Farrington et al., 2015;Philip et al., 2017). Alternatively, gigabit-capable infrastructure, such as 4G and 5G wireless networks, can bring economic and social benefits through enhanced productivity and innovation . ...
... The 5G network has already been implemented by several nations, including the United States, Canada, certain European nations, Australia, China, and Japan. However, there is still a digital gap, with almost 80% of rural residents in the UK missing 4G connectivity, which makes it difficult to install cutting-edge smart technologies in rural regions (Philip et al., 2017). However, since 2017, 5G has been successfully applied to smart farming, revolutionizing processes like crop harvesting, fertilization, and the application of pesticides and seeds using drones and autonomous tractors (Ajmani and Saigal, 2023). ...
... This disregard for structural inequalities also affects policies that aim to decrease the digital divide. Analyzing community resilience through broadband deployment, Ashmore et al. (2017) highlighted the community's vulnerability rooted in uneven access to the capital (network, knowledge, and skills). They also showed that dynamics of power and identity in the relationship between a community and its leaders could impact a low-level buy-in to a broadband scheme among community members. ...
... 'Infrastructuring' regards collaborative spaces to the extent that the latter ones are phenomena related to emerging organisations of work combined with the innovations of information and communication technologies . In other words, collaborative spaces, especially those in peripheral areas, raise new challenges regarding the tension between mobility (Mariotti et al. 2017) and connectivity (Williams et al. 2016)). Given those venues are also attributable to the broad paradigm of the knowledge-based economy, collaborative spaces have been infrastructures to produce and distribute information within a so-called 'space of flows' (Castells 2000). ...
Reference: MSCA CORAL-ITN: Glossary
... The continuous prevalence of e-commerce in the UK, China, Africa, the BRICS countries, and other developed and developing countries is of great significance for the revitalization of rural areas in the world [1][2][3]. In the past decade, the digitalization represented by e-commerce has been reshaping China's rural society at an unimaginable speed [4]. ...