Joanna Hildebrand’s research while affiliated with University of Business in Wrocław and other places

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Publications (6)


A Schematic representation of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the groEL gene sequences of Anaplasma phagocytophilum representing all ecotypes. The highlighted clade representing Ecotype I is displayed in detail; bootstrap values (SH-aLRT/UFB) above the 70/70 threshold are displayed; sequence of Anaplasma platys used as an outgroup is not shown. B Detailed view of the clade representing the Ecotype I/Cluster I; sequences acquired from the GenBank database are marked by their accession number, host, and country of origin. Sequences from this study are highlighted in red and marked by the number of a respective variant. The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. C Map of Poland with a detailed locality of Ruszów Forestry sampling area
Circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among invasive and native carnivore species living in sympatry in Poland
  • Article
  • Full-text available

October 2023

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117 Reads

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3 Citations

Paulina Maria Lesiczka

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Katarzyna Buńkowska-Gawlik

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Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak

Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is characterized by a worldwide distribution and distinguished from other Anaplasmataceae by the broadest range of mammalian hosts and high genetic diversity. The role carnivores play in the life cycle of A. phagocytophilum in Europe is uncertain. Currently, only the red fox is considered a suitable reservoir host. In this study, we focused on native and invasive medium-sized carnivore species that live in sympatry and represent the most abundant species of wild carnivores in Poland. Methods A total of 275 individual spleen samples from six carnivore species (Vulpes vulpes, Meles meles, Procyon lotor, Nyctereutes procyonoides and Martes spp.) were screened combining nested PCR and sequencing for A. phagocytophilum targeting a partial groEL gene with subsequent phylogenetic analysis inferred by the maximum likelihood method. Results The DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in 16 of 275 individuals (5.8%). Eight unique genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum were obtained. All detected haplotypes clustered in the clade representing European ecotype I. Three variants belonged to the subclade with European human cases together with strains from dogs, foxes, cats, and wild boars. Conclusions While carnivores might have a restricted role in the dissemination of A. phagocytophilum due to their relatively low to moderate infection rates, they hold significance as hosts for ticks. Consequently, they could contribute to the transmission of tick-borne infections to humans indirectly, primarily through tick infection. This underscores the potential risk of urbanization for the A. phagocytophilum life cycle, further emphasizing the need for comprehensive understanding of its ecological dynamics. Graphical Abstract

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Fig. 1. The relationship between biotic and abiotic factors and mean EPG of helminths; (a) the effect of horse age; (b) the effect of horse breed; (c) the effect of anthelminthic active substance and (d) the relationship between mean EPG and the presence of the representatives of Protista.
Basic parasitological parameters (prevalence and mean EPG) of analysed horses.
Factors affecting mean EPG of helminths in horses.
Helminth infection in horses - a cross-sectional study from stables in Lower Silesia (Poland)

October 2023

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63 Reads

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Parasitosis in horses may be uncontrolled and expose breeders and owners to serious financial losses or, possibly, to the loss of animals. Therefore, the prevention and monitoring of the development of parasitic diseases should play an important role in the breeding process. The aim of this study was to confirm the influence of factors such as age, breed, herd size, deworming program, and type of anthelmintics, on the prevalence and intensity of parasites (helminths) in domestic horses in Lower Silesia. The study was carried out between August and November of 2020. The samples of horse feces were collected from 50 different stables in the area of Lower Silesia, Poland. A total of 286 individuals from various breeds were examined. Detailed analysis revealed that the mean age of infected horses was significantly lower than in uninfected horses. The mean time since the last deworming procedure was almost twice as low in uninfected horses than in infected ones. Additionally, the deworming agent affects the prevalence of infection. The analysis was also performed for the same factors in reference to quantitative data. The mean EPG was four-fold higher in juvenile horses than in adults and threefold higher when the horses were dewormed with the use of fenbendazole instead of ivermectin or ivermectin with praziquan-tel combined.


The reports of hyperparasitism of tetracotyle on digenean sporocysts/rediae in snail intermediate hosts.
Hyperparasitism among larval stages of Digenea in snail hosts: sophisticated life strategy or pure randomness? The scenario of Cotylurus sp.

September 2023

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171 Reads

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2 Citations

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

The hyperparasitism of tetracotyle metacercariae (Cotylurus sp.; Strigeidae) in trematode asexually multiplicating larval stages (sporocysts and/or rediae) within snail intermediate hosts have been perceived for years as a highly evolved mode of life strategy within trematodes, enhancing their development and transmission success. Here, we verified these data and the potential implications for the co-evolution of life strategies within the host–parasite–hyperparasite system. During complex research on the taxonomy and life cycles of trematodes of the family Strigeidae, the results showed that the phenomenon of metacercariae hyperparasitism on sporocysts/rediae within snail hosts is not uncommon in natural conditions in central Europe. However, the relatively low rate of cases of hyperparasitism within the population of snails and the lack of visible trends favouring such a life strategy suggest the accidental nature of this phenomenon. Simultaneously, we found a significantly higher prevalence and mean intensity of tetracotyles in snails without sporocysts/rediae than in snails co-infected by these larval stages and tetracotyles. These distinctions suggest negative relationships between tetracotyles and trematode asexually multiplicating larval stages within snails, with a potential impact on the structure and functioning of trematode larval infracommunities in snail intermediate hosts.



Sampling sites of individuals of Isthmiophora melis in Poland. Study sites are marked with dots: WMNP—Warta Mouth National Park; DNP—Drawa National Park; SNP—Słowiński National Park; BNP—Biebrza National Park; NNP—Narew National Park; VR—Vistula River; RMP—Milicz Ponds Nature Reserve (the map was created using SimpleMappr—https://www.simplemappr.net)
Median-joining network of samples of Isthmiophora melis built with the (nad1) gene
The relationship between host diet and haplotype diversity (Hd - the values provided on right y-axis) of Isthmiophora melis
The genetic structure of populations of Isthmiophora melis (Schrank, 1788) (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Does the host’s diet matter?

June 2023

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149 Reads

Background Here we provide a comparative analysis of the genetic structure of populations (based on nad1 mtDNA) of Isthmiophora melis isolated from the American mink (Neogale vison), an introduced invasive species, commonly occurring in the territory of Poland, and from the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Methods A total of 133 specimens of I. melis were obtained from naturally infected N. vison collected from six localities in Poland (108 samples) and 25 individuals of I. melis from A. agrarius. All sequences of the nad1 gene obtained during the present study were assembled and aligned. The standard statistics for haplotype composition, i.e., the number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and average number of nucleotide differences, were calculated. Haplotype analysis and visualization of haplotype frequency among populations were performed using a median-joining network. Results Based on the samples collected from different localities in Poland, our study revealed that the overall genetic diversity of I. melis isolated from the American mink and of the striped field mouse do not differ significantly. The median-joining network showed that the three main haplotypes are in the centre of a star-like structure, with the remaining haplotypes as the satellites, reflecting the recent expansion of the populations. Conclusions The overall genetic diversity of I. melis isolated from the American mink and striped field mouse reveals a high level of homogeneity. Moreover, regional differences in the food composition of the definitive hosts play an important role in shaping the genetic structure of the trematode populations. Graphical Abstract


Recreational horses as hosts of protozoan and nematode

September 2022

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4 Reads

Annals of Parasitology

Recreational horses host many groups of parasites which in some cases can also be a threat to humans. The presented study focuses on intestinal protozoa and nematodes. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic variety of selected intestinal parasites found in recreational horses and their molecular identification in faecal samples. The stool samples were obtained from recreational horses from various studs in Lower Silesia. Molecular methods were used to detect intestinal parasites. After isolation of genetic material from stool samples, PCR reactions were performed using different molecular markers – 18S rRNA, gp60 and ITS rRNA. The products were sequenced. Among the 203 tested stool samples, 34 were found to contain the desired intestinal protozoa. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 5.4%, and prevalence of Eimeriidae was 14.9%. This study allowed to identify Cryptosporidium horse genotype. The presence of Eimeria sp., Isospora sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. was also confirmed in the positive samples. Nematodes belonging to subfamily Cyathostominae were identified by DNA sequencing. Additionally among nematodes Oxyuris and Parascaris were noted. Co-infections of nematodes with microparasites were also recorded. „Research project supported/partly supported by program „Excellence initiative – research university” for years 2020- 2026 for University of Wrocław” (BPIDUB.4610.7.2021.KP.A)

Citations (1)


... The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks and can infect various mammals, including humans 13 . In raccoons, it has been detected with varying prevalence [14][15][16][17][18] . Other bloodassociated bacteria detected in raccoons include Ehrlichia spp., Bartonella spp., and Rickettsia spp. ...

Reference:

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of blood-associated pathogens from spleen samples of wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany
Circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among invasive and native carnivore species living in sympatry in Poland