Joachim Windolf’s research while affiliated with Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf and other places

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Publications (537)


BMP-2-Driven Osteogenesis: A Comparative Analysis of Porcine BMSCs and ASCs and the Role of TGF-β and FGF Signaling
  • Article

May 2025

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10 Reads

Roman Taday

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Sebastian Zensen

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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), such as bone marrow-derived cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived cells (ASCs), are key candidates for bone regeneration therapies but have not yet been integrated into standard clinical practice due to heterogeneity in their osteogenic capacities. This study investigated the osteogenic differentiation of porcine BMSCs and ASCs by analyzing BMP-2-induced receptor expression and the effects of inhibiting BMP, TGF-β, and FGF signaling pathways. While pBMSCs underwent osteogenesis in standard differentiation medium, pASCs required BMP-2 stimulation to initiate this process. BMP signaling inhibition via dorsomorphin suppressed osteogenic differentiation, but this effect was reversed by co-inhibition of TGF-β or FGF signaling. Notably, simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and FGF in the presence of BMP-2 optimized osteogenic differentiation in both pMSC types. In pASCs, successful differentiation correlated with early activation of p38 MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways, with BMP-2 serving as a primary driver, while TGF-β and FGF pathways acted as modulators. These findings highlight the importance of signaling context and MSC tissue origin in bone formation and suggest that tailored modulation of BMP, TGF-β, and FGF signaling will be necessary in future in vivo applications to maximize the regenerative potential of MSC-based therapies.


Correction: Sturm et al. Exposure of Bladder Cancer Cells to Blue Light (λ = 453 nm) in the Presence of Riboflavin Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxic Efficiency of Gemcitabine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4868
  • Article
  • Full-text available

May 2025

In the original publication [...]

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PRISMA flow diagram. Legend: from Page et al. [17]
Proportion of outcomes in core domains
Number of studies reported outcomes from individual outcome domains
Measurement instruments. Legend: * Short Form Survey includes 8-Item Short Form Survey (SF-8), 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)
Developing a core outcome set for acetabular fractures: a systematic review (part I)

Systematic Reviews

Background There are indications that clinical studies investigating the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures assess different outcomes. This heterogeneity reduces the comparability of study results and, thus, limits the knowledge generated from research. Core outcome sets (COS) contain a minimum set of outcomes that should be measured in studies investigating a specific disease or injury. A COS for surgically treated acetabular fractures does not yet exist. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the reported outcomes in studies investigating the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. Methods Studies including skeletally mature individuals (≥ 16 years) with isolated acetabular fractures treated surgically were included. Studies with polytrauma patients, pathological fractures, additional pelvic fractures, exclusively non-surgical treatment, or juvenile individuals were excluded. Three databases and two clinical trial registries were searched on 15 November 2022. The identified outcomes were grouped and subsequently categorized according to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Guidelines. Results A total of 193 studies were included, which reported a cumulative total of 2581 outcomes. After grouping, 266 unique outcomes were identified. No outcome was examined in all studies. Pain, ability to walk independently, range of motion, quality of reduction, and heterotopic ossification were the most reported unique outcomes and assessed in at least 60% of included studies. A total of 105 outcomes were only assessed in one of the included studies. Outcomes of all five core areas and 25 outcome domains of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy were examined. Furthermore, outcomes were named and defined differently, measured at different time points, and assessed using a variety of measurement instruments. Conclusion Overall, this systematic review shows that a wide range of outcomes are measured in studies examining surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. The results of this systematic review will be used in a subsequent study to develop the COS for surgically treated acetabular fractures by using the Delphi method. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42022357644; COMET: 2123.



Evaluation der erhobenen Endpunkte in Studien zur operativen Versorgung von Acetabulumfrakturen – ein Systematic Review zur Entwicklung eines Core-Outcome-Sets

March 2025

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Hintergrund/Fragestellung: Die Heterogenität der berichteten Endpunkte in klinischen Studien zur operativen Versorgung von Acetabulumfrakturen (AF) schränkt die Vergleichbarkeit und die Zusammenfassung von Evidenz stark ein. Dadurch kann häufig keine Aussage über die Überlegenheit einzelner Interventionen getroffen werden. Ein Core Outcome Set (COS), das ein Mindestset der zu berichtenden Endpunkte darstellt, kann dieser Problematik entgegenwirken [1]. Das Ziel dieses Systematic Reviews ist es, die berichteten Endpunkte in klinischen Studien zur operativen Behandlung von AF zu identifizieren, um im nächsten Schritt ein COS zu entwickeln. Methoden: Am 15.11.2022 erfolgte eine Literatursuche auf 3 Datenbanken und 2 Studienregistern. Eingeschlossen wurden alle Studien, welche die operative Behandlung von AF bei Erwachsenen (≥16 Jahre) untersuchten. Studien mit polytraumatisierten Patienten, pathologischen Frakturen oder zusätzlichen Beckenfrakturen sowie Fallberichte wurden exkludiert. Die identifizierten Endpunkte wurden von zwei Autorinnen unabhängig voneinander gruppiert und mittels Taxonomie der Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative kategorisiert [2]. Das Protokoll wurde auf PROSPERO registriert: CRD42022357644. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 184 publizierte Studien (mit insgesamt 11.341 PatientInnen) sowie 9 laufende Studien eingeschlossen. Insgesamt wurden 266 unterschiedliche Endpunkte untersucht (kumulativ: 2.581 Endpunkte inkl. einzelne Items der Messinstrumente). Keiner der Endpunkte wurde in allen Studien erhoben. Am häufigsten wurden „Schmerzen“ (n=158), die „Fähigkeit, selbstständig zu Laufen“ (n=140) sowie „Bewegungsamplitude“ (n=139) erhoben. 39,47% der Endpunkte wurden lediglich in einzelnen Studien untersucht (z.B. „Fähigkeit, wieder Zweirad zu fahren“). Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt berichteten die inkludierten Studien eine hohe Anzahl verschiedenster Endpunkte aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Die identifizierten Endpunkte werden in einer nachfolgenden Studie mittels Delphi-Methode priorisiert, um das COS zu entwickeln. Das COS wird die Vereinheitlichung der erhobenen Endpunkte in Studien zur operativen Therapie von AF fördern. Dadurch können Studienresultate zukünftig besser zusammengefasst und verglichen werden, wodurch die Identifizierung der Überlegenheit einer Intervention erleichtert wird. Damit kann eine evidenzbasierte Behandlungsentscheidung langfristig verbessert werden.


Welche Lücken gibt es in der Berichterstattung von Systematic Reviews in der Unfallchirurgie: ein Systematic Review

March 2025

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Hintergrund/Fragestellung: Die Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)-Richtlinien wurden entwickelt, um Autoren von Systematic Reviews (SR) eine Hilfestellung hinsichtlich einer transparenten und vollständigen Berichterstattung zu geben [1]. Dies kann Missverständnisse sowie das Auftreten von fehlenden Informationen vermeiden und so Forschung fördern. Ziel der Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, wie viele der unfallchirurgischen SR in vorab definierten Journals aus dem Jahr 2022 nach den PRISMA-Richtlinien berichteten. Methoden: Am 24.05.2023 wurden fünf unfallchirurgische Journals mit dem höchsten Impact Factor durchsucht (Bone and Joint Journal, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery – Series A, World Journal of Emergency Surgery, Spine Journal, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma). Dabei galten alle im Jahr 2022 auf Englisch und Deutsch publizierten SR als einschlusswürdig, die ein unfallchirurgisches Thema untersuchten. Untersucht wurde die Anzahl an SR, die angaben, nach PRISMA-Richtlinien berichtet zu haben, die Anzahl an SR, die nach den PRISMA-Richtlinien berichtete und wie vollständig diese Berichterstattung durchgeführt wurde. Das Protokoll wurde unter https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P237H registriert. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 23 SR eingeschlossen. Die SR wurden in Australien (n=4), Europa (n= 7), Asien (n=3) und Nordamerika (n=9) durchgeführt und untersuchten besonders häufig Themen zur Wirbelsäule (n=4). Insgesamt gaben 20 SR (87%) an, nach den PRISMA-Richtlinien berichtet zu haben, jedoch berichtete kein SR vollständig danach. Am häufigsten vollständig (n=22 (95,7%)) wurden die folgenden 4 Items berichtet: (1) Studie im Titel als SR kennzeichnen, (2) Begründung des SR im Kontext des vorhandenen Wissens, (3) Erklärung des Studienziels und (4) Darstellung von Interessenskonflikten. Selten vollständig wurden hingegen die angewandten Methoden berichtet, z.B. das Vorgehen bei der Ergebnisdarstellung der inkludierten Studien (n=3 (13%)). Schlussfolgerung: Viele Items der PRISMA-Checkliste wurden nicht oder unvollständig berichtet. Es zeigte sich, welche Lücken bei der Berichterstattung von unfallchirurgischen SR bestehen. Dies kann bei der Erstellung zukünftiger unfallchirurgischer SR helfen. Hierdurch können Missverständnisse und fehlende Informationen in unfallchirurgischen SR vermieden werden, was die Verbreitung von aus Forschung generiertem Wissen und so auch die Anwendung evidenzbasierter Medizin fördert.


Fig. 1 modified International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework model [25, 26]
Fig. 2 PRISMA flow chart as recommended by Page (2021) [14]
Determination of overall risk of bias
Strength of evidence rating
Return to work after major trauma: a systematic review

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Introduction Individuals suffering from major trauma and survive, often face diverse physical, psychological, and cognitive restrictions which can influence the (health-related) quality of life and the ability to work. Even though, return to work is not necessarily related to the health status of the individual, but it is viewed as a sign of successful reintegration and is a vital parameter of recovery. Objective The aim was to systematically review factors influencing return to work (RTW) after suffering from major trauma. Material and methods A search on seven databases was performed. The identified publications were selected according to the inclusion criteria: adults (≥ 16 years) who suffered a major trauma (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) in studies that explored factors associated with RTW. Risk of bias was assessed with the ‘Quality in Prognostic studies’ tool. Due to reporting quality of the included studies no meta-analysis was performed. Data were clustered, qualitatively analyzed and factors are assessed based on the strength of evidence. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022357649). Results 12 studies with 6907 participants (mean age 45 years, 75% males, mean ISS 28) were included. The included studies had low to moderate risk of bias for most domains, the domain ‘study confounding’ had most often a high risk of bias. Many factors were identified including physical (e.g., injury locations), personal (e.g., age) but also environmental factors (e.g., preinjury income). Only four factors (age, educational level, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and Length of stay (LOS) hospital) are based on moderate or strong evidence. The identified factors reflect the complex interactions within the process of regaining the ability to work after major trauma. Discussion This systematic review was able to map the evidence surrounding factors affecting RTW after major trauma. Most of the identified factors are currently only based on limited evidence. According to these factors, younger patients with a higher educational level who have a shorter LOS in hospital and a shorter ICU stay might have better chances of RTW.




Citations (31)


... Hemorrhage in pelvic ring fractures is a life-threatening event that occurs due to injuries to the vessel structure in close proximity to the ramus pubis and sacroiliac joint [23]. In acetabular fractures, bleeding complications can be caused by iatrogenic damage to the neurovascular structures during surgery [8,9,24]. ...

Reference:

Hemorrhage Versus Thrombosis: A Risk Assessment for Anticoagulation Management in Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Fractures—A Registry-Based Study
Hemorrhage in Pelvic Ring Fractures After Low-Energy Trauma: A Systematic Review

... Alveolar bone homeostasis depends on a balance between osteoblast-driven formation and osteoclast-mediated resorption, which is disrupted in diabetes-associated periodontitis, leading to excessive resorption and reduced regeneration [10,11]. In this condition, an inflammatory microenvironment with increased oxidative stress and elevated cytokines promotes osteoclastogenesis while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation, shifting the balance toward bone loss [12]. M1 macrophage dominance further enhances osteoclast differentiation via the RANKL pathway, which is upregulated in diabetes [13,14]. ...

Proinflammatory Cytokines Enhance the Mineralization, Proliferation, and Metabolic Activity of Primary Human Osteoblast-like Cells

... Considering the purpose of the model described in this paper, the correlations in the structure and metabolism of pig bone tissue, which shows a greater degree of convergence with human bone structure than smaller animals, such as rats or rabbits, are particularly important [30]. Based on the critical size model of the bone defect, the rate of regeneration of pig bone tissue (1.2-1.5 µm/d) is similar to that of humans (1.0-1.5 µm/d) [31,32]. Bone tissue morphology, regeneration capacity, and remodeling rate, as well as mineral content and sponge bone architecture, are among the beneficial features for the selection of the pig as a model for research on bone development disorders. ...

Biomechanical validation of a tibial critical-size defect model in minipigs
  • Citing Article
  • September 2024

Clinical Biomechanics

... A recent systematic review revealed a clinical trend to a combined anterior and posterior stabilization concept in APC-II injuries, despite heterogenous biomechanical data supporting such a concept. In favor for combined fixation, a significant lower complication rate was reported [21]. ...

Do we need another screw? Sacroiliac screw fixation in open-book pelvic ring injuries (APC type II)

EFORT Open Reviews

... A transfusion ratio of >1.5:1 (RBC: platelets or FFP) is associated with a worse prognosis in adults [136]. Point-of-care testing and goal-directed coagulation therapy have been advocated [137][138][139][140]. ...

Early Point-of-Care Thromboelastometry Reduces Mortality in Patients with Severe Trauma and Risk of Transfusion: An Analysis Based on the TraumaRegister DGU

... In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in the legend for Figures 2-5. The concentration unit for Gemcitabine should be ng/mL, and the assay we exclusively utilized is the MTT assay for detecting living cells, but in the original article, the concentration unit shows µM and the assay shows CTB. ...

Exposure of Bladder Cancer Cells to Blue Light (λ = 453 nm) in the Presence of Riboflavin Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxic Efficiency of Gemcitabine

... The temporal sequence of parthanatos induction, with a peak at five hours post-heat exposure, underscores its delayed onset compared to apoptosis. These findings provide valuable insights into burn injury pathophysiology and the role of parthanatos in thermal stress responses (Schiefer et al., 2024). ...

Experimental evidence for Parthanatos-like mode of cell death of heat-damaged human skin fibroblasts in a cell culture-based in vitro burn model
  • Citing Article
  • March 2024

Burns

... shows a detailed description of the literature search and study selection. In total 19 articles were included [8][9][10][11][12][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. 16 studies were observational studies, whereas three studies were randomized clinical trials. ...

Navigation versus fluoroscopy in minimalinvasive iliosacral screw placement

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

... The findings demonstrated that the lysostaphin coating significantly reduced the bacterial load on the implant surfaces, leading to a marked reduction in infection risk compared to uncoated implants. Nevertheless, the stability of the PDLLA-lysostaphin coating has not yet been assessed and animal experiments cannot entirely replicate the intricate immunological and biomechanical conditions of the human body [24]. ...

Efficacy of lysostaphin-coated titanium plates on implant-associated MRSA osteitis in minipigs

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery

... The disease leads to the formation of knots and fibers in the palmar fascia, characterized by the flexion contractures of fingers, and involves a reduction in the production of types I and III collagens as well as metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13) based on mRNA assessments in myofibroblast cultures from patients [3]. Conversely, Johnston et al. (2006) identified an increase in key collagenases, namely MMP1, MMP13, and MMP14 [4][5][6]. ...

Dupuytren’s Disease Is Mediated by Insufficient TGF-β1 Release and Degradation