Jitendra Patel’s research while affiliated with GITAM University and other places

Nanoemulsion of bark ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea (T. coriacea) was investigated for in vitro anthelminthic activity on helminth parasites from sheep and earthworms. The goal of this investigation was to access the anthelmintic effects of nanoemulsion having bark extract by ethanol, of T. coriacea against Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) and Pheretima posthuma (P. posthuma) and evaluate phytoconstituents. Nanoemulsion was formulated with ethanolic bark extract of T. coriacea and characterization, particle size, zeta potential, morphological and rheological evaluations performed. Ethno-pharmacological information suggested T. coriacea as an excellent alternative for supervising nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract due to its anthelmintic properties. The ethanolic extract was subjected to liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LCMS) analysis to screen the responsible phytoconstituents for the efficacy. The results show a potential role of the nanoemulsion in the decline in hatchability of eggs, the development of larvae in L1 to L3 (infective stage) and earthworm. At maximum concentration, T. coriacea nanoemulsion (TcNano) revealed 95.36% egg hatch test (EHT) and 88.56% larval motility test (LMT), whereas paralysis time 50.16±0.5 and death time 70.04±0.5 minutes in movement worms. In the motility of mature worm test, three concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/ml of nanoemulsion were investigated against P. Posthuma. Albendazole was taken as the standard reference at 10 mg/ml concentration, while the control was normal saline. We have devised a significant and potentially effective alternative to anthelmintics for the control of parasites in accordance with these findings. The LCMS analysis revealed the major chemical moiety such as Glyceraldehyde, Phenylcoumarin, Cucurbitacin E, Norbuprenorphine-d3, Quinazolinamine, Triflupromazine, Flavanone, Mephenytoin, Methyl coumarin acetate, and Serpentine at significant quantities. Furthermore, these findings endorse the traditional claim of T. coriacea as anthelmintic and the therapeutic potential of its constituents. Graphical Abstract

The escalating global challenge of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative approaches. This review delves into the current status and future prospects of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources as potent antimicrobial agents. The unique attributes of metallic nanoparticles and the abundance of natural resources have sparked a burgeoning field of research in combating microbial infections. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, encompassing a wide range of studies investigating the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial mechanisms of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor & Francis online and OpenAthen were extensively searched to compile a comprehensive overview of the topic. The synthesis methods, including green and sustainable approaches, were examined, as were the diverse biological sources used in nanoparticle fabrication. The amalgamation of metallic nanoparticles and natural products has yielded promising antimicrobial agents. Their multifaceted mechanisms, including membrane disruption, oxidative stress induction, and enzyme inhibition, render them effective against various pathogens, including drug-resistant strains. Moreover, the potential for targeted drug delivery systems using these nanoparticles has opened new avenues for personalized medicine. Bioengineered metallic nanoparticles derived from natural sources represent a dynamic frontier in the battle against microbial infections. The current status of research underscores their remarkable antimicrobial efficacy and multifaceted mechanisms of action. Future prospects are bright, with opportunities for scalability and cost-effectiveness through sustainable synthesis methods. However, addressing toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and environmental considerations remains crucial. In conclusion, this review highlights the evolving landscape of bioengineered metallic nanoparticles, offering valuable insights into their current status and their potential to revolutionize antimicrobial therapy in the future. Graphical Abstract

Obesity significantly affects the fertility and sperm quality in men at reproductive ages through hormonal imbalances, increased scrotal temperatures, thus decreasing the concentration and motility of sperm, decreased total sperm count, increased DNA fragmentation index, decreased sperm movement and sperm quality. Obese men suffer from hormonal imbalances, increased oestrogen levels, and low levels of inhibin-B and androgen, which affect sperm production. The present review discusses how obesity affects male fertility and sperm quality, as well as various treatment options. The men infertility due to obesity can be treated by changing in lifestyle, increasing physical activity, and behavioral treatment; Pharmacological intervention such as medication and food supplements involving weight loss medicines, appetite suppressants, and aromatase inhibitors; Surgical treatment including scrotal lipectomy and bariatric surgery, Assisted reproductive technology (ART) including In vitro fertilization (IVF), Intrauterine insemination (IUI), and Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Pathogens spread on food items during the stages of storage, transit and processing. Thus, the eradication of these microorganisms holds significant importance. Ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea was used against Escherichia coli NCIM2134, Pseudomonas aeroginosa NCIM2037, Klebsiella pneumonia NCIM2706, Bacillus subtilis NCIM2920, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5345 and Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM5755 by disk diffusion and microdilution methods to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) leaves gave significant activity against all tested species of bacteria, which was compared to the standard disinfectant of 0.1% of commercial chlorhexidine. The inhibitions zones ranged from 6.45 ± 0.82 to 9.52 ± 0.30 for different bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 1.35 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the T. coriacea demonstrates antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains commonly encountered in food products. This plant extract can be further developed for the sanitizing of food items.

Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) harnesses the intrinsic roots of agricultural and oxen production systems to generate increased long-term yields and farm income through sustainability. This review paper aims to draw attention to climate-resilient farming practices for medicinal plants and other cereal crops. There are several techniques and strategies that can be used to adapt to climate change, including yield-tolerant strains in poultry and cattle, Feed administration, irrigation, Agro-consulting and clay organic carbon. Governmental climate change adaptation programs such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) continue to be implemented. Agriculture in India offers a living for the bulk of the populace and should never be disregarded. Increased demand for quantity, healthful food and diversity, as well as globalization effects and rising median income, would be revealed by India's growing population, globalization effects and increasing median income. Nutrient deficiencies in Indian soils, Imbalanced fertilizer application and Lack of Nitrogen-fixing crops have all caused significant climatic stress in India and the rest of the world. Various programs and policies, such as the Soil Health (Vitality) Card Scheme, are in place to improve fertilizer use efficiency. This cultivation practice pays attention to maintaining the environmental balance and bio-dynamization of agricultural systems so that ethical yield can be obtained.

According to the World Health Organization, chronic liver diseases account for approximately 46% of all diseases and 59% of all deaths worldwide. It is critical to look for hepatoprotective crucial findings because they are important for human health. The aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of six medicinal plants based on biochemical reduction on the animal study. The increased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and cholesterol in the blood have been marked to the damaged structural virtue of the liver. When the plant extract was given to rats after they were administered a hepatotoxicant and the level of marker enzymes was discovered to be lower than normal, it meant that the particular dose of the plant extract was considerably supporting the hepatoprotective action. The comparative study of hepatoprotective efficacy of six medicinal plants was determined by a biostatistical analysis of data received from an animal investigation. The Terminalia coriacea and Artocarpus hirsutus at 250 and 500mg/kg respectively revealed that the *P<0.05; **P< 0.01; ***P<0.001; when compared to the CCl4 group. The Cucumis melo revealed P<0.05 and P<0.01 as compared with the liver-damaged control to the drug-treated animal at doses of 100, 250, and 500mg/kg. Buchanania lanzan revealed significant at P<0.05*, 0.01** and 0.001*** at 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for aqueous and alcoholic extract both. The Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb) and Solanum americanum Mill at doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg respectively. The T. coriacea and A. hirsutus revealed a 5%, 1%, and less than 1% chance of false-positive, which is statistically significant at all levels.

Itraconazole, a poorly water soluble antimycotic agent, is promising agent for various diseases. To improve the solubility of itraconazole, the inclusion compound of Itraconazole with β-cyclodextrin was prepared by spray drying, solvent evaporation, kneading, lyophilization, physical mixture method and characterized by solubility, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR and dissolution study. DSC and FTIR confirmed the formation of complex. The solubility of the prepared complex was found to be improved. Itraconazole complex by spray drying method and Itraconazole showed 95.65 % and 80.55% of drug release at the end of 48 h in dissolution study. It was concluded that the complex of itraconazole may be of potential use for improving the solubility of itraconazole and hence its bioavaibility.