Jinping Cao’s research while affiliated with Henan University and other places

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Publications (1)


Figure 1. Chariot images on central Mongolian Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex (DSK) monuments, including a two-horse (right) and a four-horse vehicle (middle); left) a typical DSK ritual head, neck and hoof burial (chariot drawings by W.T.T. Taylor modified after Volkov (2002 [1981]: 93 & 218) and Nyambat and Odbaatar (2010: 64)).
Figure 2. Bit-wear to the upper and lower premolars in two riding horses from Turkic (fifth to eighth centuries AD; NMM 011) (left) and Pazyryk (fourth century BC; NMM 013) (right). Images show the pairing of upper premolar wear with severe lower premolar wear (figure by W.T.T. Taylor).
Figure 3. Left) bit damage to both lower and upper premolars caused by the use of a metal bit while pulling a chariot, from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty site of Cuiyuanxiaoqu (photograph by J. Cao); right) bronze bit from tomb 62, Xincun site (modified by W.T.T. Taylor after Guo (1998: 61)).
Figure 4. Abnormal wear to the upper premolars in Deer Stone-Khirigsuur horses: top) 14-15-year-old female (NMM 002); lower left) >16 year-old female (NMM 095); lower right) >16-year-old of indeterminate sex (NMM 001) (figure by W.T.T. Taylor).
Figure 5. Intercuspid wear of the lower jaw in Deer Stone-Khirigsuur horses: top left) polishing of the occlusal surface of a lower right second premolar (6-7-year-old male; NMM 008); top right) wear to the lower third premolar (>16-year-old female; NMM 095). Several instances of bulging deformation of the mandibular margin of the lateral alveolar exterior surface near the affected teeth (>20-year-old of indeterminate sex (NMM 051, lower left) and male, 6-7 years (NMM 008, lower right)) (figure by W.T.T. Taylor).

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Understanding early horse transport in eastern Eurasia through analysis of equine dentition
  • Article
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September 2021

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835 Reads

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19 Citations

Antiquity

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Jinping Cao

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Wenquan Fan

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Bryan Miller

Across Eurasia, horse transport transformed ancient societies. Although evidence for chariotry is well dated, the origins of horse riding are less clear. Techniques to distinguish chariotry from riding in archaeological samples rely on elements not typically recovered from many steppe contexts. Here, the authors examine horse remains of Mongolia's Deer Stone-Khirigsuur (DSK) Complex, comparing them with ancient and modern East Asian horses used for both types of transport. DSK horses demonstrate unique dentition damage that could result from steppe chariotry, but may also indicate riding with a shallow rein angle at a fast gait. A key role for chariots in Late Bronze Age Mongolia helps explain the trajectory of horse use in early East Asia.

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Citations (1)


... These markers include changes in the dentine and vertebrae (Anthony et al. 2006;Brown and Anthony 1998;Cook 2011;Makowiecki et al. 2022;Taylor 2018), the distribution of abnormalities along the spine You et al. 2020), and the frequency of pathologies in the front shoulders and lower forelimbs (Weber 2008;Zhang et al. 2023). In addition, left/right asymmetry in cranial and spinal pathology can also be a useful marker to indicate the use of horse transport (Taylor 2018;Taylor et al. 2021;Zhang et al. 2023). ...

Reference:

Early horse traction in the lower Yellow River valley: pathological evidence from the Bronze Age rural site, Qingqiu, China
Understanding early horse transport in eastern Eurasia through analysis of equine dentition

Antiquity