Jianfeng Li’s research while affiliated with Liaoning Normal University and other places

The Haobugao deposit, located in the southern segment of the Great Xing'an Range, is a famous skarn‐related Pb‐Zn‐(Cu)‐(Fe) deposit in northern China. The results of our fluid inclusion research indicate that garnets of the early stage (I skarn stage) contain three types of fluid inclusions (consistent with the Mesozoic granites): vapor‐rich inclusions (type LV, with VH2O/(VH2O + LH2O) < 50 vol %, and the majority are 5–25 vol %), liquid‐rich two‐phase aqueous inclusions (type VL, with VH2O/(VH2O + LH2O) > 50 vol %, the majority are 60–80 vol %), and halite‐bearing multiphase inclusions (type SL). These different types of fluid inclusions are totally homogenized at similar temperatures (around 320–420°C), indicating that the ore‐forming fluids of the early mineralization stage may belong to a boiling fluid system. The hydrothermal fluids of the middle mineralization stage (II, magnetite‐quartz) are characterized by liquid‐rich two‐phase aqueous inclusions (type VL, homogenization temperatures of 309–439°C and salinities of 9.5–14.9 wt % NaCl eqv.) that coexist with vapor‐rich inclusions (type LV, homogenization temperatures of 284–365°C and salinities of 5.2–10.4 wt % NaCl eqv.). Minerals of the late mineralization stage (III sulfide‐quartz stage and IV sulfide‐calcite stage) only contain liquid‐rich aqueous inclusions (type VL). These inclusions are totally homogenized at temperatures of 145–240°C, and the calculated salinities range from 2.0 to 12.6 wt % NaCl eqv. Therefore, the ore‐forming fluids of the late stage are NaCl‐H2O‐type hydrothermal solutions of low to medium temperature and low salinity. The δD values and calculated δ18OSMOW values of ore‐forming fluids of the deposit are in the range of −4.8 to 2.65‰ and −127.3‰ to −144.1‰, respectively, indicating that ore‐forming fluids of the Haobugao deposit originated from the mixing of magmatic fluid and meteoric water. The S‐Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides indicate that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from underlying magma. Zircon grains from the mineralization‐related granite in the mining area yield a weighted 206Pb/238U mean age of 144.8 ±0.8 Ma, which is consistent with a molybdenite Re‐Os model age (140.3 ±3.4 Ma). Therefore, the Haobugao deposit formed in the Early Cretaceous, and it is the product of a magmatic hydrothermal system. A systematic research on ore geology, mineralization and geochemistry of Haobugao deposit. Detailed comparison between ore‐forming fluids and fluids of magma differentiation. Types and ages of mineralized related granites are determined.

In recent decades, several skarn-related deposits have been found and explored in the southern Great Xing’an Range of China. To get a clear understanding of the characteristics and genetics of this type of deposit in this area, three of the largest, most typical, and most famous skarn-related deposits (Haobugao Pb–Zn deposit, Huanggang Sn–Fe polymetallic deposit, and Baiyinnuoer Pb–Zn deposit) are selected for systematically metallogenic study in this paper. The results of ore geology, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopes indicate that (1) most of the ore bodies of each deposit, occurred in the outer contact zone of the magma intrusion and Permian strata, fine vein disseminated mineralization within the intrusions were also found in this study. Mineralization of these deposits all show closely temporal, spatial, and genetic relationships with skarns. (2) Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry results show that the fluid inclusion assemblages developed in the different mineralization stages of each deposit changed from Type-S (daughter mineral-bearing three-phase fluid inclusions) + Type-V (vapor-rich fluid inclusions) + Type-L (liquid-rich fluid inclusions) to Type-V + Type-L and eventually evolved into L-Type. Correspondingly, the ore-forming fluids changed from medium to a high-temperature, high-salinity, and boiling fluid system and then to a low-temperature, low-salinity, and uniform fluid system. The types of fluid inclusions in garnets are consistent with those in quartz phenocrysts of Mesozoic granites, indicating that the formation of skarns is directly related to Mesozoic magmatic activity. (3) The δ³⁴S values of ores from the above three deposits all exhibit a narrow variation range (changes are mainly around 0‰) and greatly differ from the SEDEX-type deposits in China. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfide minerals are also consistent with those of Mesozoic granites. These previous characteristics suggest that both of the ore-forming fluids and the ore-forming materials were of magmatic origin. Consequently, the Haobugao, Baiyinnuoer, and Huanggang deposits are all skarn-type deposits, which are related to Mesozoic magmatic activities in terms of ore geology features, ore-forming fluids, and ore-forming material.

The Xilamulun molybdenum polymetallic metallogenic belt in eastern Inner Mongolia forms one of the most important Mo metallogenic belts in northeastern China. The Dongshanwan porphyry Mo-W polymetallic deposit, in the northeastern part of the Xilamulun metallogenic belt, occurs along the periphery of a granite porphyry and consists of Mo-W-Ag sulfide and oxide disseminations and veinlets in hydrothermal assemblages. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Dongshanwan granite porphyry yields a crystallization age of 142.15±0.91 Ma, whereas molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating model ages are of 139.9-141.5 Ma and an isochron age is of 140.5±3.2 Ma (MSWD=1.2). The age consistency indicates that the Dongshanwan deposit was a product of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The Dongshanwan granite porphyry is a high-alkali high-potassium intrusion and has high SiO2 (75.39 wt.%-76.15 wt.%), low Al2O3 (12 wt.%-13 wt.%), Ba, Ti, P, and Sr contents, with negative Eu anomalies. The Y/Nb ratios are comparable to those of average continental crust and island arc basalts, corresponding to type-A2 granites. Our geochemical data indicate that the granite porphyry emplaced in an Early Cretaceous post-orogenic extensional environment following Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic subduction and subsequent continental collision. © 2017, China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.