Jessica Leight’s research while affiliated with International Food Policy Research Institute and other places

... In Ethiopia, particularly in rural regions, health issues include the prevalence of diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, and malnutrition, which continue to be major socioeconomic difficulties. Because they frequently prevent people from participating in educational or revenue-generating activities, these health-related problems have a direct impact on the operational efficacy of World Vision's initiatives [67]. In response, WVE gives priority to health Programs that deal with illness prevention and treatment, sanitation, and nutrition [96]. ...

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Analyzing the Impact of PESTLE Factors on World Vision Ethiopia's Operational Effectiveness and Strategic Marketing Decisions in Rural Development Programs

... Furthermore, the literature highlights a number of additional considerations in the collection of accurate child labour statistics. These include differences in survey instruments (Dillon et al. 2012;Guarcello et al. 2010), recall periods ) and the identity of the respondents (Dillon 2010), abortion (Bell and Bishai 2019;Moseson et al. 2021), voting preferences (Gonzalez-Ocantos et al. 2012Holbrook and Krosnick 2010), use of microfinance loans (Karlan and Zinman 2012), opinions on undocumented immigrants (McKenzie and Siegel 2013), gay marriage (Lax et al. 2016), racism (Krumpal 2013), intimate partner violence (Agüero and Frisancho 2022;Asadullah et al. 2021;Castilla and Murphy 2023;Cullen 2023;Gilligan et al. 2024) and condom use (LaBrie and Earleywine 2000; Treibich and Lépine 2019). The novel colorbox method has not yet been widely adopted, but has been used to collect data on risky sexual behaviour among sex workers (Lepine et al., 2024) and on fertility preferences (Valente et al. 2024). ...

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Estimating the prevalence of child labour in the cocoa industry via indirect elicitation methods: a mixed-methods study

... Technological barriers, like low digital literacy and poor infrastructure, constrain innovation but also present opportunities for improved monitoring and communication [63]. Legal frameworks on Non-governmental organization (NGOs) operations and environmental compliance affect flexibility and strategic alignment [93]. Finally, environmental challenges, including climate change, disrupt development efforts but encourage sustainable practices like climate resilience [95]. ...

Reference:

Analyzing the Impact of PESTLE Factors on World Vision Ethiopia's Operational Effectiveness and Strategic Marketing Decisions in Rural Development Programs

... Previous studies have revealed varying effects of import penetration on demographic change in developed countries, such as a reduction in marriages and births among young women in the United States (Autor et al. 2019), a decrease and postponement of fertility in Germany (Giuntella et al. 2022), and an increase in these rates among Danish women nearing the end of their reproductive years (Keller and Utar, 2022). A closely related study conducted by Erten et al. (2023) reveals that liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) reduces the likelihood of marriage and leads to a decline in the birth rate and the proportion of women with children in China. Our research complements this literature by presenting evidence from China on how export tariff liberalization specifically influences women's marriage and fertility rates. ...

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Demographic impacts of China’s trade liberalization: marriage, spousal quality, and fertility

... Thus, fatherhood represents a crucial opportunity for intervention. Moreover, a recent meta-analysis of 27 randomised controlled trials found that interventions were equally effective at reducing IPV when targeting communities, women only, men only or couples [20], suggesting the need for programming targeting each group. ...

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“The child of your fellow is your child”: Building on existing protective norms to engage men as caregivers; qualitative findings from an exploratory evaluation of an edutainment intervention to prevent age-disparate transactional sex

... The WHO has identified essential trust determinants in communication: competence, objectivity, fairness, consistency, sincerity, and trust, which should be integrated into public education [58][59][60]. Innovative public health communication strategies should include and build on these radically relevant factors as determinants of trust and be able to evaluate them for continuous corrections and improvement [61,62]. Evaluation is one of the most critical issues in this area, and the recent experiences of promoting COVID-19 vaccination provide much expertise and lessons for moving forward. ...

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Role of Individual, Social and Health Factors as Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Results from the Second Phase of the Italian EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey

... Previous research has highlighted various factors influencing mental health and care access, including socioeconomic status, education, and social support [33,46], the impact of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic [13,18], and internal conflict [29]. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies focusing specifically on the youth population in Mozambique, particularly after the pandemic and recent escalating internal conflict in Northern regions. ...

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Mental health and help-seeking behaviors among Mozambican youth: insights from a post-pandemic National Survey Amidst Internal Conflict

... Additionally, 17 articles that did not focus on project impact evaluation were also excluded. Among these, nine articles used pro-WEAI to explore relationships in other sectors, such as economics 61,62 , intrahousehold dynamics 63 , and maternal health 64 . We also excluded articles that have focused only on the baseline survey of project [65][66][67][68] , the development and validation of pro-WEAI 5,69 including Health and Nutrition module 70,71 . ...

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A systematic review of agricultural projects’ contributions to women’s empowerment

... The program was even more effective in the study arm, which included the provision of safe birth kits. [21] In Kenya, a community health volunteer-led health education program improved pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward using iron and folic acid supplementation. [22] Health education for pregnant women can lead to positive maternal and child outcomes. ...

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Effectiveness Of a Community Health Worker-Led Education Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Antenatal Care Attendance of Pregnant Women in Eastern Uganda. A Quasi- Experimental Study

... 中国农业资源与区划 2022 年 配。劳动力错配主要体现部门和区域间的错配，根据最新的统计数据显示，2020 年我国第一产业从业人 口大约为 1.9 亿人，占全国劳动力比重的 23.97%；而农业总产值占全国 GDP 的比重约为 7.1%，农业劳动 力配置过多带来的产出占比却比较小，劳动力要素在城乡区域间的错配导致农业部门和非农业部门生产 效率损失 [6] ；劳动力流动存在障碍是导致其在城乡区域间错配的直接原因，其根本原因是以户籍制度和劳 动力用工制度等一系列制度分割、所有制结构以及社会保障体系的不完善使得劳动力在流动中无法享有 公平的社会公共福利 [7] 。农业土地错配体现为在现有制度下农村土地按照家庭人口进行平均分配而忽略了 农户生产率水平的差异，进而造成土地要素在不同农户间的错配 [8] ，另外随着农村人口的外出迁移使得农 村地区出现土地撂荒、宅基地闲置导致土地利用效率低下，人口迁入的大城市建设用地等土地资源越来 越稀缺，农村和城市的土地供需不匹配造成了土地资源在地区间的错配 [9] 。因此，如何有效消除农业资源 错配，优化要素配置结构，提高要素配置效率，对实现城乡区域一体化发展和农业高质量高效率发展的 目标具体重要的现实意义。 国内外学者对农业资源错配研究展开了丰富的讨论，主要集中在探究农业资源错配对经济效率 [10,11] 和 产出损失 [12] 的影响。一方面是从农业资本、劳动力和土地等单一或者多种生产要素错配 [13] 来分析不同要素 的错配特征及其对农业产出的影响。从单种要素错配分析来看，相关学者分析了扭曲政策和土地制度所 造成土地要素错配对农户的择业选择和农业生产率的影响 [14] 。从多种要素错配分析来看，朱喜等基于土地 要素投入不变的假设，分析了农户面临的劳动和资本等要素扭曲对农户生产效率的影响，研究发现若能 有效消除劳动和资本的配置扭曲，农户的农业全要素生产率可增长 20% 以上 [15] 。另外，考虑到土地要素对 农业生产的重要性以及特殊性，已有研究进一步将土地要素纳入到生产核算框架中，分析了农业资本、 劳动力和土地的跨部门扭曲和内部要素配置扭曲对农业 TFP 的影响 [16] 。还有学者构建了包含要素错配的农 业产出损失分析框架，研究了资本，劳动力和土地等要素错配的程度，并进一步分析了农业要素错配所 造成的农业产出损失。另一方面是从农业生产部门内不同生产主体间 [17] 以及不同部门、城乡间和地区间 [18] 等视角出发，分析了生产要素错配对整体经济效率和收入分配的影响。从农业生产部门内部分析来看， 已有学者考虑到农业生产经营主体的异质性，探究了不同农业生产主体间土地资源错配对农业部门加总 生产率的影响机制，认为土地要素若能够有效配置会进一步改善农业劳动力错配程度，农业生产效率会 有较大的提升。从不同生产部门和区域分析来看，袁志刚等分析了农业部门和非农业部门间劳动力资源 错配所带来的农业 TFP 损失，认为部门工资差异是劳动力错配对 TFP 产生负效应的主要来源。王颂吉等从 城乡二元经济视角出发，认为城乡二元经济结构和要素市场壁垒是造成劳动力等要素在城乡间和地区间 错配的主要原因，进而会影响到农业部门和非农业部门的生产效率 [19] 。 现有的文献为进一步研究农业资源错配提供了丰富的经验参考，但仍然存在一些不足之处。第一， 土地作为农业生产的重要要素，现有研究在进行农业要素错配分析时少有将土地要素纳入到分析框架中， 究其原因是土地不具备跨区域流动性。但从地区间土地使用视角看，在生产过程中土地资源的配置使用 和空间规划是至关重要的 [20] [22,23] ...

Reference:

中 国 农 业 资 源 与 区 划 Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning