Jerry M. Burger's research while affiliated with Santa Clara University and other places
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Publications (40)
University students who experienced the 1989 California earthquake were asked a few days afterward to estimate the likelihood that they, the typical student at the school, and the average person their age would someday experience each of several negative life events, including being hurt in a natural disaster such as an earthquake. These responses...
People who never gamble or who limit themselves to an occasional football bet or lottery ticket have a difficult time understanding the millions of Americans who bet and inevitably lose large amounts of money they often cannot afford. Common sense should tell us that casinos are not built by giving away money and that the more people play at games...
Inevitably, discussions about desire for control get around to the question of whether people with a high desire for control or people with a low desire for control are better adjusted and happier. Not surprisingly, I typically find that high desire for control people say that they are better off psychologically, while low desire for control people...
Few aspects of our lives are as pervasive or as important to us as our interpersonal relationships. We consistently put our relationships with friends, family members, and romantic partners at or near the top of the list of what is most important in our lives and what makes us happy (Argyle, 1987). Since as far back as any of us can remember, inter...
Attribution theory has been called “the dominant theoretical perspective” in social psychology (Aron & Aron, 1986). For more than a quarter of a decade now, the study of how people go about explaining the causes of their own and other people’s behavior has been a cornerstone of social psychology research. Work on attributions began as an extension...
Research on the relationship between perceived control and depression has created a long and complex literature. For many years psychologists have observed that people suffering from depression felt they had little ability to control the events in their lives. It is not uncommon to hear a clinically depressed person say such things as “Nothing I do...
For several decades now, achievement and achievement motivation have been central topics in personality and social psychology. Every textbook covers the topic and every graduate student is familiar with some of the classic work in this area. Some psychologists have argued that this fascination with achievement is testament to the central role achie...
In the summer of 1978, while driving north on Interstate 99 just past Bakersfield, it dawned on me that the topics in psychology that interested me the most at the time—learned helplessness, attributions, social influence, and others—all had something to do with the issue of personal control. Because I had often reflected on my own high need for co...
With or without our awareness, intentionally or incidentally, one of the consequences of social interaction is that we often influence the behavior of the people we come into contact with. The question of social influence has been central to social psychology since Triplett (1898) conducted what is widely recognized as the first social psychology e...
Two experiments were conducted to examine in field settings how individual differences in desire for control affect behavior in situations with chance-determined outcomes. Experiment 1 found that people high in desire for control were more likely than lows to select their own numbers, rather than rely on a machine-selection option, when playing the...
Three studies were conducted to examine the relationship between individual differences in desire for control and interpersonal interaction style. In Experiment 1, high desire for control subjects disclosed less intimate information about themselves in a laboratory task than lows. An examination of daily reports in Experiment 2 found that low desir...
Much research and theory suggests that an increase in perceived personal control is preferred and will result in positive reactions, whereas a decrease in personal control is not desired and will result in negative reactions. However, there are many negative as well as positive consequences to changes in personal control that contribute to one's re...
ABSTRACT The hypothesis that people engage in attribution processes to obtain a sense of control was tested In each of three experiments, subjects identified on an individual difference measure as high in a general desire for control (DC) were found to engage in attnbution processes more than subjects low in desire for control In Experiment 1, high...
It was proposed that one reason people often fail to use effective contraception methods is that they engage in a systematic distortion of their likelihood of being involved in an unwanted pregnancy relative to others. A survey of undergraduate females found that sexually active women tended to see themselves as less likely than other students, oth...
The relationships among individual differences in desire for control, attributions for success and failure, and performance on an achievement task were examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduates' desire for control levels, attributions for a midterm exam, and performance on a subsequent exam were assessed. In Experiment 2, attributions for and perfo...
The role of individual differences in the general desire for control in conformity situations was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, undergraduates low in desire for control were more likely to agree with a persuasive message when survey results were cited indicating public support for the advocated view. Subjects high in desire for co...
Critics of pornography have argued that the way men and women are portrayed in these media create images that can result in harmful gender socialization. The cartoons from all 1985 issues of Playboy were coded for the presence or absence of four themes that have been identified by these critics. It was found that, when these themes appeared, women...
Past research has found that allowing people a choice of task materials sometimes increases performance on the task. A self-presentation interpretation for this effect was tested and supported in two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects performed better on a paired-associate learning task when allowed to select some of the words for the test, but...
Seven experiments with 426 adolescents, undergraduates, and adults were conducted to examine the effectiveness of a compliance procedure known as the that's-not-all technique. The procedure involves offering a product at a high price, not allowing the customer to respond for a few seconds, then offering a better deal by either adding another produc...
Two experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between individual differences in the general desire for control and the illusion of control. In Experiment 1, high desire for control college students bet significantly more than lows in a gambling game when they were playing with familiar cards, but not when playing with unfamiliar cards....
The role of depression in the attribution of responsibility for an accident was examined. Mildly depressed, slightly depressed, and nondepressed college students were presented with accident descriptions in which the victims suffered either nonsevere or severe consequences. Nondepressed subjects attributed more responsibility for the accident to un...
Undergraduate students were surveyed about their sexual behavior and contraceptive behavior. In addition, measures of their self-esteem, knowledge about contraception, communication with their dating partners, communication about sexual matters with their sexual partners, and sexual anxiety were taken. Consistent with Byrne's (1983) model of effect...
The relationship between individual differences in the general desire to control events and gambling behavior was examined. Desire for control scores for members of a Gamblers Anonymous group were found to be significantly related to how frequently the gamblers had bet upon games and events containing a slight perception of controllability. Consist...
Previous investigations into how attributions for one's own behavior change over time have resulted in surprisingly inconsistent results. Two experiments were conducted to account for these discrepant findings. In Experiment 1 male undergraduates were given feedback indicating that they had done either well or poorly on a skill-assessment test. Hal...
Two experiments were conducted to examine the conclusion of several rhetorical critics that intimate self-disclosure by high-ranking officials will be viewed by an audience as inappropriate and will result in lowered speaker persuasiveness. In Experiment 1 college students viewed a videotape of a speaker described as either a member of an oratory c...
Male and female undergraduate students were surveyed concerning their sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive behavior. In addition, the general attitudes about sexuality the students perceived as communicated to them by their parents, their church, and their peers were assessed. It was found for female students that general attitudes...
Two personality constructs, desire for control and locus of control, were related to depression among college students. Measures of levels of depression, desire for control, and locus of control were taken from subjects. Approximately six months later 71% of these subjects returned a questionnaire concerning their experiences with depression during...
In each of 3 experiments it was demonstrated that under certain conditions individuals who work on a task in a dyad will tend to attribute greater responsibility for a positive outcome to their partners than to themselves. In Exp I 56 college students, who had qualifying scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, working in dyads on a crossword puzzl...
The role that individual differences in the general desire to control events play in the perception of crowding was examined. Male undergraduates worked on tasks requiring a great deal of movement in a small room with either two or five other subjects. It was found that subjects scoring high on a measure of general desire for control reported highe...
Teacher attributions for elementary school students' successful and unsuccessful performances in real classrooms were assessed during three different times of the school year. Results suggest that practicing teachers' explanations of their own students' performances follow patterns consistent with earlier research on attribution processes.
The role of individual differences in the desire to control events in an illusion of control situation was examined. Subjects high and low in the desire for control played several trials of a gambling game under conditions either facilitating or not facilitating the perception that the subject had control over the outcome of the game. Half of the s...
Subjects were divided into high and low halves on three locus-of-control measures. Susceptibility to hypnotic suggestion was measured following a description of hypnosis as either situationally determined or personally determined. A control group received no description. The results suggest that individual differences in locus of control interacted...
Conducted a statistical combination on past research examining gender differences in the locus of control beliefs of elementary school children. The review revealed that 235 females tended to score more internally than 200 males in total- and failure-outcome locus of control, as measured by the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility (IAR) Question...
Three experiments with 195 undergraduates examined the mediating process involved in the low-ball procedure for increasing compliance. In Exp I, Ss who agreed to but were not allowed to perform an initial request complied with a more costly version of the same request to a greater extent than did controls only when the 2nd request came from the sam...
The enhancing effect of hypnosis on the vividness and the control of imagery was investigated. In 1 experiment, Ss who volunteered to be hypnotized were administered 2 measures of imagery, 1 under hypnotic conditions and 1 under imagination instructions while waking (counter-balanced). In another experiment, the imagery of 2 independent samples of...
A 12-category scheme is presented, which synthesizes systems developed by Frieze, Bar-Tal and Darom, and the present authors. The attribution categories vary along three dimensions relevant to teacher behavior: internality, stability, and teacher efficacy (or the degrees of teacher influence over the performance outcome). A study is then reported w...
The role of motivation for control in an individual's reaction to persuasive arguments was examined. Subjects scoring either high or low on an individual difference measure of desire for control (DC) were exposed to a position on the Equal Rights Amendment with which they either initially agreed or disagreed. It was found that more often high-DC su...
The psychological construct of desirability of control was related to several theoretical statements (e.g., Kelley, 1971; White, 1959) and areas of current research (e.g., Glass & Singer, 1972; Deci, 1975) in psychology. A scale designed to measure individual differences in the general level of motivation to control the events in one''s life was pr...
Two studies examined teacher cognitive processes concerning personal control in the classroom. The extent to which teachers perceived classroom control and expected successful outcomes with high-and low-ability students were contrasted within five different hypothetical classroom contexts. The results indicate that high-ability students are perceiv...
Citations
... Social influence is defined as the degree to which a person perceives that important others believe he or she should use the GIS. A study conducted by [6] found the most significant positive impact was of social influence on consumer's intention to adopt mobile banking services in Pakistan. Hence, this study proposed hypothesis H1: There is positive and significant relationship between social influence and behavioral intention to adopt GIS software. ...
... Earlier studies conducted by the educational scientists in the 1970s aimed at gauging teachers' self-confidence and its impact on student performance (Cooper & Burger, 1980;Crowther & Preece, 1979). Students' effectiveness was takes into account in their impact calculation of teachers' self-efficacy (Astin & Scherrei, 1980). ...
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... Several studies have established a negative link between overly optimistic beliefs and the adoption of risky behaviours (Burger & Burns, 1988 ;Dillard et al., 2009 ;Weinstein et al., 1998). According to Amor and Taylor (1998), three types of consequences can be produced as a result of extremely optimistic or even comparative beliefs: disappointment, disillusionment, and self-endangerment. ...
... The researchers termed this effect unrealistic pessimism (UP). A similar effect was noted by Burger and Palmer [12] after the 1989 California earthquake. ...
... For some, desire-for-control is related to higher levels of achievement and an ability to respond to challenging situations with greater perseverance (Burger 1985). Burger also acknowledged that the same attributes that can facilitate performance can also become a liability. ...
... bspw. Burger et al. 1982). Dabei konnten Tollefson et al. (1990) zeigen, dass nur 2 % der befragten Lehrkräfte schlechte Schüler*innenleistungen auf Aspekte der Lehrkraft attribuieren und Jager und Denessen (2015), dass Aspekte des Unterrichts wie Schwierigkeitsgrad oder Unterrichtsqualität eine vergleichsweise untergeordnete Stellung bei der Ursachensuche für schlechte Schüler*innenleistungen einnehmen. ...
Reference: Auswertungsmethode für Studie 1
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... Before this pandemic, the expected number of pedestrians in crowded spaces contributed to an increase in stress only in conditions where the number of interactions with other pedestrians effectively impeded pedestrian movement in such areas [28]. Indeed, an average number of expected interactions with other pedestrians provides more opportunities for reinforcing social interaction and the vitality of In addition to the physical setting of crowding in crowded spaces, demographic and personal variables such as gender, goal, motivational dispositions and desire for control, also contribute to both perceived crowding and perceived control when faced with crowded situations [13,[22][23][24] (Figure 2). For instance, the trip purpose whether utilitarian or hedonic, in nature, moderates the effect of perceived crowding on satisfaction in a restaurant [24]. ...
... Perceived control is widely considered a strong driving force influencing customer behavior (Hui and Bateson 1991;Lunardo 2011;Lunardo and Mbengue 2009;Van Rompay et al. 2008). It has been found to have a positive influence on task performance (Burger 1987), well-being (Langer and Rodin 1976), self-report of stress and anxiety (Averill 1973;Staub, Tursky, and Schwartz 1971), pleasure (Hui and Bateson 1991), and satisfaction (Wathieu et al. 2002). Increased perceived control also helps customers cope with stress (Lazarus and Folkman 1984;Paterson and Neufeld 1995). ...
... The pattern consists of giving advice [21], habituation [22], exemplary [10], [23], reward, and punishment [24], [25]. Moreover, the details of role of Islamic education teachers are includes informer, organizer [26] , motivator [27], initiator [28], and evaluator [27], [29]. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272194320203806-1441907591627_Q64/George-Edw-Seymour.jpg)
... Çünkü kişinin çevresi üzerinde kontrol sahibi olması için yüksek motivasyonunun getirdiği davranışsal sonuçların etkilerine ihtiyaç vardır. Ampirik araştırmalar, yüksek kontrol motivasyonu olan bireylerin genellikle laboratuvar görevlerinde daha iyi performans gösterme ve sanki çevre üzerinde daha fazla kontrolleri varmış gibi davranma eğiliminde olduklarını göstermektedir (Burger, 1987;Hammond & Horswill, 2002). Tüm insanlar motivasyonlarında ve iradelerinde dalgalanmalar yaşarlar. ...
