Jennifer Seymour Whitaker’s scientific contributions

... Coupled with trade policy, credit direction, indigenization legislation and generally expanding domestic markets, manufacturing became a profitable route to private capital accumulation. 2 IP measures specifically favoured large-scale merchant capitalist interests (Biersteker, 1987;Forrest, 1987) which had formed in the colonial era (Watts, 1987). A popular route taken by old merchant families, such as Dantata, Ganash, Danbappa, Rabiu, Ibeto Group or the Modanola Group, was to move from monopoly distribution of a particular product to production of the same item in Nigeria, targeting the lower end of the consumer market (Biersteker, 1987: 272;Forrest, 1992). ...

Reference:

Industrial Policy and Monopoly Capitalism in Nigeria: Lessons from the Dangote Business Conglomerate

... "Balancing Acts." 32Thomas Noer. Black Liberation: The United States and White Rule in Africa 1948-1968 (Columbia. University of Missouri, 1985. ...

Reference:

No Easy Walk: BUILDING DIPLOMACY IN THE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA AND THE UNITED STATES OF

... There is a need to promote Christian ethics by referring to the historical background of inequality in South Africa. This background as depicted by Wilson and Ramphele (1989) stresses a call to uproot poverty which is the greatest obstacle to economic growth. This involves the redistribution of wealth, and challenges those in power to consider sharing with those who are poor (1989:357). ...

Reference:

A practical theology case study of transforming lives of the poor in the Amalinda Forest Community, East London

... Here, Belgium and Portugal granted large land concessions to European companies, with minimum oversight and significant power to raise taxes, delegate land and mining rights and force Africans to work under slave-like conditions (Hochschild, 1998). In Mozambique, forced labour was used in cotton, sugar, or tea plantations (Urdang, 1989). Labour was also supplied to South African mining companies, which provided revenue for the colonial administration. ...

Reference:

Why food insecurity persists in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of existing evidence

... While successors reduce the size of the ruling coalition to consolidate power, they retain some officials to help them govern. They otherwise risk experiencing the fate of dictators like Francisco Macías Nguema in Equatorial Guinea who 17 Authoritarian Survival and Leadership Succession purged his regime to such an extent that there was barely anyone left to govern or protect him when his nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema, overthrew him (Decalo 1989). Since successors are trying to reduce the size of their ruling coalition, it is important that the officials they do retain are loyal. ...

Reference:

Authoritarian Survival and Leadership Succession in North Korea and Beyond

... Despite Swapo's avowed anti-tribalist character, Oshiwambo-speakers have always constituted its main source of support and, in Ovamboland, when broadbased dissatisfaction with the colonial power became apparent from the 1960s, Swapo grew into virtually the only visible and accepted political movement. 'The struggle' became a pervasive condition of local social relations, with churches and secondary schools comprising important forums for resistance (Soggot 1986;Cliffe et al. 1994;Metsola 2001 (Seegers 1997: 158;quoted in Buur, Jensen and Stepputat 2007: 29). In the late 1970s through the 1980s, South Africa also sought to legitimate its rule by some improvements in the rights and conditions of the African population as well as a semblance of political representation. ...

Reference:

Reintegration as Recognition: Ex-combatant and Veteran Politics in Namibia

... An industrial relations expert, he was hailed as an 'organic intellectual' of South African business (Handley, 2005) for his part in South Africa's transition. The editor of works on South Africa's future (Berger and Godsell, 1988), he persuaded a sceptical business community of the merits of the Labour Relations Act in its amended 2002 version, which improved legal cover for contract workers (Bidoli, 2004). In 2002, he surprised a business meeting in New York by wearing an NUM strike T-shirt (ibid.). ...

Reference:

Global Unions, Global Business

... The history of development in Africa often seems to comprise a series of disastrous blunders (Rosenblum Williamson, 1987: Woods, 1990. It is vital that the "New South Africa"" does not repeat these mistakes. ...

Reference:

The role of information services and agricultural training in support of developing agriculture in South Africa

... Another unintended consequence is that new generations are often expected to continue ideologies, customs, and practices for which justification, explanation, and function have ceased or been forgotten. In her book, Maasai Days, Bentsen (1989) reported asking older women who participated in the ritual of female circumcision why it was done. The women reported that the ritual ''has been done this way since the beginning,… nobody gave us the reason either, but you can't get married until you are circumcised'' (p. ...

Reference:

Family Education Perspectives: Implications for Family Educators’ Professional Practice and Research

... 1984: 137, 140.) 7 This tradition still prevails in the work of such writers as P. G Du Plessis and Jan Spies. 8 See, for example, the role of these figures in De Villiers (1987) andMalan (1990). 9 Ideology is defined here as a device that encourages action. ...

Reference:

Towards an Understanding of the Afrikanerisation of the South African State