April 2010
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438 Reads
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42 Citations
Journal of Social Issues
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April 2010
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438 Reads
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42 Citations
Journal of Social Issues
April 2010
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5,468 Reads
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80 Citations
Journal of Social Issues
Conflict can arise in virtually any social setting, be it between or within individuals, groups, organizations, or nations. Such conflict can be managed in any of a number of possible ways. These include domination through physical or psychological means, capitulation, inaction, withdrawal, negotiation, or the intervention of a third party. This article explores the latter two approaches to conflict management, first examining two very different models—mutual gains and concession-convergence—that have emerged for the understanding of negotiation, and then turning to the roles and functions of outside intervenors.
April 2010
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63 Reads
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21 Citations
Journal of Social Issues
Expectations are a natural and necessary element in all negotiation. As one of the most important approaches to the settlement of conflict, negotiation necessarily entails the exchange of ambiguous information—about both one's adversary and the problem at hand. It is precisely because of this ambiguity that expectations, both intrapersonal and interpersonal, come to play an important role. While such expectations can be helpful in bringing about conflict settlement through negotiation, they can also contribute to the escalation of conflict and can move conflict in destructive directions. This article outlines both the beneficial and harmful effects of expectations in negotiation and speculates about some possible approaches to overcoming the negative effects of expectations.
December 1987
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219 Reads
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1,203 Citations
Political Psychology
729 Reads
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13 Citations
When the first edition of "Social Conflict" appeared in 1986, there was still a Berlin Wall, a Yugoslavia, and a Soviet Union. International conflict was organized in bipolar, Cold War fashion, and this way of understanding the world permeated all levels of conflict theory and practice. Our goal on the first edition of "Social Conflict" was to present our ideas about the life history of conflict to a growing community of scholars, practitioners, and interested students. Why does conflict escalate? Why does it eventually run out of steam? What can be done to bring conflict toward settlement? We decided to revise "Social Conflict," in part, because of [the] dramatically changing events [following the end of the Cold War]. The world has also become more genuinely interdependent, with culture playing an increasingly important role in the conflicts that arise, and we want to incorporate the wealth of new ideas and research findings that have been generated by other scholars over the past eight years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
... The radical standpoints that are developed rarely change. As citizens, we have the ability to move beyond a polarized environment by challenging our biases and entrenched mindsets, and by moving away from old thought patterns and behavior (Lebow et al., 1987). A key to doing this is continuous learning. ...
December 1987
Political Psychology
... Organizational conflicts create emotional reactions (Kolb & Putnam, 1992), yet research in this domain by and large adopted the rational perspective, clearly defining conflict issues, explicating the overt and explicit patterns ( styles) used by organizational members to deal with conflicts, and investigating the outcomes of such attempts. The prevailing model employed in research on organizational conflict was the Dual Concern Model originally proposed by Blake and Mouton (1964), later adopted with some modifications by several scholars (Pruitt & Rubin, 1986;Rahim, 1983;Thomas, 1976). The basic tenet of this conceptualization argues that the conflict-management strategy employed by a disputant stems from two main motives: concern for self and concern for the other side. ...
... As negotiation initiation can affect subsequent negotiation behaviors and outcomes (e.g., Reif & Brodbeck, 2014;Rubin, 1989;Zartman, 2000), some scholars have recently called for research on psychological antecedents of the negotiation initiation (e.g., Reif & Brodbeck, 2014). With this research, we seek to advance the literature on the correlates of negotiation initiation. ...
April 2010
Journal of Social Issues
... In intragroup settings, there are numerous methods employed to resolve disputes. These include integrated negotiation, which focuses on collaboratively identifying alternative solutions to the challenges being faced in the group (Rubin, 1994), active communication between group members about their motives and goals (Weingart & Olekalns, 2004), and cooperative behaviors of members to identify solutions that are satisfactory to the multiple individuals who are affected by the conflict (Forsyth, 2010). Of these, cooperative behaviors and attitudes that involve individuals seeking to maximize their own and others' gains typically result in long-term peaceful group outcomes (Forsyth, 2010). ...
Reference:
Intragroup Peace and Character Strengths
April 2010
Journal of Social Issues
... (Sometimes agents may perceive resource scarcity even though resources are available in sufficient numbers (e.g., the perceived scarcity of sanitizers or masks in the COVID-19 pandemic despite instantly increased availability) Thus, agents should first analyze the actual resource availability when trying to solve their conflict of interests. The erroneous perception of resource scarcity in negotiations may result in an illusory conflict, which may hinder negotiators to explore integrative conflict solutions ( [170]; see also [171][172][173]).). To address the scarcity of resources, agents can solve their conflicts of interests by either (a) trying to increase the number of resources or (b) systematically managing the scarcity of resources. ...
April 2010
Journal of Social Issues