Jean-Pierre Bibring's research while affiliated with French National Centre for Scientific Research and other places

Publications (230)

Article
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu were collected and brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We investigated the macromolecular organic matter in Ryugu samples and found that it contains aromatic and aliphatic carbon, ketone, and carboxyl functional groups. The spectroscopic features of the organic matter are consistent with...
Article
We describe the completion of the MOCAAS project providing a global repository of secondary minerals formed through interaction with water on Mars. This work is based on the analysis of orbital imaging spectroscopy data from the OMEGA/Mars Express and CRISM/MRO near-infrared instruments. A database and a set of high-resolution global maps (200 m/pi...
Preprint
Hayabusa2 spacecraft successfully collected rock samples through two touchdowns from the surface of C-type near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu and brought them back to Earth in 2020. At the Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center in JAXA, we performed initial description to all samples to obtain the fundamental information and prepare the database for...
Article
MicrOmega, a miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, has been selected to characterize in the laboratory the samples returned from Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. MicrOmega has been delivered to the Extraterrestrial Samples Curation Center of the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science...
Article
The Planetary Terrestrial Analogues Library (PTAL) project aims at building and exploiting a database involving several analytical techniques, to help characterize the mineralogical evolution of terrestrial bodies, starting with Mars. Around 100 natural Earth rock samples have been collected from selected locations to gather a variety of analogs fo...
Article
Full-text available
C-type asteroids ¹ are considered to be primitive small Solar System bodies enriched in water and organics, providing clues to the origin and evolution of the Solar System and the building blocks of life. C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu has been characterized by remote sensing 2–7 and on-asteroid measurements 8,9 with Hayabusa2 (ref. ¹⁰ ). However, th...
Article
MASCOT has been selected to be integrated on board the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission, with a suite of 4 instruments: a camera MASCam, a radiometer MARA, a magnetometer MASMag and MicrOmega, a hyperspectral near infrared microscope, designed to characterize the composition of Ryugu surface materials down their grain scale (25 μm large). A joined article (H...
Preprint
Full-text available
C-type asteroids are considered to be primitive small Solar-System bodies enriched in water and organics, providing clues for understanding the origin and evolution of the Solar System and the building blocks of life. C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu has been characterized by remote sensing and on-asteroid measurements with Hayabusa2, but further studi...
Conference Paper
MASCOT (‘Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout’) is a 10 kg mobile surface science package part of JAXA’s Hayabusa2 sample return mission. The mission was launched in December 2014 from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft reached the target asteroid in summer 2018. After a mapping phase of the asteroid and a landing site selection pro...
Article
After 3.5 years of cruise, and about 3 months in the vicinity of its target, the MASCOT lander was deployed successfully on 3rd October 2018 by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft onto the C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. After a free-fall of 5 min 51 sec from an altitude of 41 m MASCOT experienced its first contact with the asteroid hitting a big b...
Preprint
A radiative transfer model was used to reproduce several millions of OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Min\'eralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activit\'e) spectra representative of igneous terrains of Mars. This task provided the modal composition and grain sizes at a planetary scale. The lithology can be summarized in five mineral maps at km-scale. We fou...
Preprint
This paper is the first paper of a series that will present the derivation of the modal mineralogy of Mars (M3 project) at a global scale from the near-infrared dataset acquired by the imaging spectrometer OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Min\'eralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activit\'e) on board ESA/Mars Express. The objective is to create and provide...
Article
Full-text available
A Martian water-ice cloud climatology has been extracted from OMEGA data covering 7 Martian years (MY 26–32) on the dayside. We derived two products, the Reversed Ice Cloud Index (ICIR) and the Percentage of Cloudy Pixels (PCP), indicating the mean cloud thickness and nebulosity over a regular grid (1° longitude × 1° latitude × 1° Ls × 1 h Local Ti...
Article
Full-text available
Multiple spectroscopic techniques have been selected on previous, present and forthcoming missions to explore planetary surfaces in the Solar System. In particular, forthcoming ESA/Roscosmos and NASA missions to the surface of Mars will bring instruments capable of near-infrared (NIR), Raman and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopies to analyze the...
Article
MASCOT, the Mobile Asteroid Surface SCOuT, is a small lander jointly developed by the German and French space agencies [Ho et al., 2017], that travelled on board of the JAXA Hayabusa2 spacecraft for over 3 years to the C-type asteroid Ryugu. The goal of MASCOT was to perform in situ measurements on the surface of the asteroid by means of its four s...
Article
We present a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium retrieval scheme for atmospheric composition and its application to Mars CO2 infrared limb emissions as measured by the OMEGA instrument on board Mars Express (MEx). These emissions are caused by CO2 fluorescence of solar radiation, and thus the retrieval scheme accounts for non-LTE processes. We ana...
Article
The ExoMars rover, scheduled to be launched in 2020, will be equipped with a novel and diverse payload. It will also include a drill to collect subsurface samples (from 0‐ to 2‐m depth) and deliver them to the rover analytical laboratory, where it will be possible to perform combined science between instruments. For the first time, the exact same s...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Hayabusa2 is an asteroid sample return mission operated by the Japanese space agency, JAXA. It was launched in December 2014. In July 2018, the spacecraft has reached the mission target after a 4-year-long cruise. The objective is a C-type primordial asteroid called Ryugu, in search of organic and hydrated minerals that might give essential clues f...
Conference Paper
The Mars Moon eXploration spacecraft of the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA), is aiming at characterizing both Phobos and Deimos to primary decipher between the origin of two moons. It will carry on its board the near-infrared hyperspectral imager MacrOmega that aims at characterizing the surface’s mineralogy of the moons by providing s...
Preprint
A Martian water-ice cloud climatology has been extracted from OMEGA data covering 7 Martian years (MY 26-32). We derived two products, the Reversed Ice Cloud Index (ICIR) and the Percentage of Cloudy Pixels (PCP), indicating the mean cloud thickness and nebulosity over a regular grid (1{\deg} longitude x 1{\deg} latitude x 1{\deg} Ls x 1 h Local Ti...
Article
An engineering mission OKEANOS to explore a Jupiter Trojan asteroid, using a Solar Power Sail is currently under study. After a decade-long cruise, it will rendezvous with the target asteroid, conduct global mapping of the asteroid from the spacecraft, and in situ measurements on the surface, using a lander. Science goals and enabling instruments o...
Conference Paper
MASCOT (‘Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout’) is a 10 kg mobile surface science package on board JAXA’s Hayabusa2 sample return mission, currently on its way to the near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mission was launched in December 2014 from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft will reach the target asteroid in summer 2018. Ha...
Article
The miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega, on board the MASCOT lander for Hayabusa-2 mission, is designed to perform in situ measurements at the grain scale of the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 RYUGU. MicrOmega will observe samples with a field of view of a few millimeters with a spatial sampling of 25 μm and acquire near-infrare...
Chapter
The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient landing site interpreted to possess a strong potential for preserving the physical and chemical biosignatures of fossil martian microorganisms, if they existed there. The mission will deliver a lander with instruments designed for atmospheric and geophysical investigations and...
Conference Paper
Jupiter Trojans are among the key target bodies for the understanding of solar system evolution processes due to their heliocentric distance outside of the water ice snowline, their stable orbits at the Sun-Jupiter Lagrange points, and their taxonomy mainly classified as D- or P-types. A Jupiter Trojan asteroid rendezvous and landing mission is und...
Article
The Philae lander accomplished the first soft landing and the first scientific experiments of a human-made spacecraft on the surface of a comet. Planned, expected and unexpected activities and events happened during the descent, the touch-downs, the hopping across and the stay and operations on the surface. The key results were obtained during 12–1...
Article
Full-text available
On December 3rd, 2014, the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) launched successfully the Hayabusa2 (HY2) spacecraft to its journey to Near Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. Aboard this spacecraft is a compact landing package, MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid surface SCOuT), which was developed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in collaboration with the Centre Nati...
Article
MicrOmega is a visible near-infrared hyperspectral microscope that is designed to characterize the texture and composition of martian samples presented to the instrument within the ExoMars rover's analytical laboratory drawer. The spectral range (0.5-3.65 μm) and the spectral sampling (20 cm⁻¹ from 0.95 to 3.65 μm) of MicrOmega have been chosen to...
Article
Full-text available
The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient location interpreted to have strong potential for past habitability and for preserving physical and chemical biosignatures (as well as abiotic/prebiotic organics). The mission will deliver a lander with instruments for atmospheric and geophysical investigations and a rover tas...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Mars Express remains one of ESA's most scientifically productive missions whose publication record now exceeds 1000 papers. Characterization of geological processes on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent results suggest episodic...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Following the successful PHILAE landing with ESA's ROSETTA probe and the launch of the MINERVA rovers and the Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout, MASCOT, aboard the JAXA space probe, HAYABUSA2, to asteroid (162173) Ryugu, small landers have found increasing interest. Integrated at the instrument level in their mothership they support small solar system...
Article
Full-text available
By using the images acquired by the OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic and Infrared Remote Imaging System) and ROLIS (ROsetta Lander Imaging System) cameras, we derive the size- frequency distribution (SFD) of cometary pebbles and boulders covering the size range 0.05- 30.0 m on the Agilkia landing site. The global SFD measured on OSIRIS images, reflec...
Article
Rosetta is an ambitious mission launched in March 2004 to study comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It is composed of a space probe (Rosetta) and the Philae Lander. The mission is a series of premieres: among others, first probe to escort a comet, first time a landing site is selected with short turnaround time, first time a lander has landed on a co...
Article
On 12 November 2014, the European mission Rosetta delivered the Philae lander on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). After the first touchdown, the lander bounced three times before finally landing at a site named Abydos.Aims. We provide a morphologically detailed analysis of the Abydos landing site to support Philae’s measurement...
Conference Paper
Rosetta is an ambitious mission launched in March 2004 to study the nucleus as well as the coma of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It is composed of a space probe and the Philae Lander. The mission is a series of premieres: among others, first probe to escort a comet, first time a landing site is selected with a so short notice, first time a l...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
On Nov 12, 2014, the Rosetta Philae lander descended towards comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The onboard ROLIS camera successfully acquired high resolution images of the surface looking down from its vantage point on the instrument platform. ROLIS is a compact CCD imager with a 1024×1024 pixel sensor and a 57 • field of view (Mottola et al., 2007,...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
ROLIS (ROsetta Lander Imaging System) [1,2] is an imager with multispectral capabilities onboard the Rosetta Lander Philae. From its location on the instruments balcony and having a down-looking orientation, ROLIS acquired an imaging sequence of the Agilkia landing site during the descent onto comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. These images provide t...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
MASCOT is a small asteroid lander launched on December 3rd, 2014, aboard the Japanese HAYABUSA2 asteroid sample-return mission towards the 980 m diameter C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) 1999 JU3. MASCOT carries four full-scale asteroid science instruments and an uprighting and relocation device within a shoebox-sized 10 kg spacecraft; a comple...
Conference Paper
The capability to orient Mars Express allows a great diversity of observations modes, in particular nadir and limb. During day and night limb’s observations, 4 out of 7 MEX instruments (the spectrometers: SPICAM, OMEGA, PFS and the high-resolution camera HRSC) work together to provide spectra (.12 µ�m to 45 �µm) of the Martian atmosphere, at each a...
Conference Paper
The capability to orient Mars Express makes it possible to implement a great diversity of observations modes, in particular nadir and limb (fig 1). During day and night limb’s observations, 4 out of 7 MEX instruments (the spectrometers: SPICAM[1], OMEGA [2], PFS [3] and the high-resolution camera HRSC [4]) work together to provide spectra (.12 μm t...
Article
The influx of new data received from recent spacecraft missions, the study of Martian meteorites, recent progress in early climate modeling, the growing evidence for abundant water on early Mars, and the rapid pace of new discoveries about the origin and diversity of life on Earth have reinvigorated interest in both the conditions that prevailed on...
Article
Here we discuss one of the current reservoirs of water on Mars, the regolith and rocks exposed at the surface. This reservoir is characterized by the presence of H2O- and OH-bearing phases that produce a broad absorption at a wavelength of ~3 µm in near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra. This absorption is present in every ice-free spectrum of the...
Article
The Mars Express mission was launched in June 2003 and was inserted into orbit around Mars in December 2003. Its main objective is to study the Mars' subsurface, surface, atmosphere and interaction with the solar wind. A secondary objective is to study the martian moons, in particular the largest one Phobos, thanks to a near polar and elliptical or...
Article
Clenet et al. (2011) have developed an adapted version of the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM). The improvements allow the characterization of spectra of olivine‐pyroxene(s) mixtures, addressing both modal composition and individual minerals chemical composition. This version of MGM is fully automated and operational with large amounts of hyperspectra...
Article
The OMEGA / Mars Express instrument has acquired a number of image-cubes, in both the visible and the NIR, at a variety of seasons, local times and spatial resolution. Specifically, it has been monitoring the Curiosity landing and exploring sites over the past months. We shall present some of the major outcomes, with a focus on 1. the visible spect...
Conference Paper
Mascot, a Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout, will support JAXA's Hayabusa 2 mission to investigate the C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 (1). The German Aero-space Center (DLR) develops Mascot with contributions from CNES (France) (2). Main objective is to in-situ map the asteroid's geomorphology, the intimate structure, texture and composition of the regolith...
Article
We analyzed the spectral properties of the 1 µm band to constrain the composition of the lowland terrains of Mars and compared them with the global mineralogy of the planet. The analysis has been carry out with the data of OMEGA instrument on board of Mars Express using the method of Carrozzo et al. [1]. The spectral behavior in the right shoulder...
Article
Mars has preserved surface structures witnessing most steps of its evolution all along its History. Specifically, a few sites, such as Marwth Vallis, have kept the record of the sequence of events that occurred prior to the Late Heavy Bombardment, at a time Mars might have harboured habitable conditions. This study proposes a plausible reason of th...
Article
Early Mars (>3 Ga) underwent aqueous alteration as evidenced by fluvial/lacustrine morphologies and the recent discovery of widespread hydrous clays. Despite compelling evidence for diverse and localized aqueous environments, the possibility for sustained liquid water globally on the martian surface and over geological timescales is still highly de...
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Full-text available
Several hundred occurrences of chloride-bearing salt deposits have been proposed in terrains within the southern highlands of Mars on the basis of Thermal Emission Imaging System and Thermal Emission Spectrometer infrared observations. The spectral identification of chloride salts by remote sensing is challenging because they are transparent over m...
Article
The first detection in the atmosphere of Mars of the night side O2(a1Δg) emission at 1.27 mm from limb observations of the OMEGA imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express was reported earlier (Bertaux et al., JGR, 2012). The emission, detected in 3 cases out of 40 observations is due to recombination in a downwelling air parcel of O atoms produced...
Article
An important achievement of the ESA/MarsExpress mission is the detection and characterization of mesospheric CO2 ice clouds, by indirect (PFS and SPICAM) and direct (OMEGA and HRSC) observations, as discussed by Clancy et al.. These clouds have been recently detected by CRISM and MCS on board MRO. Back in 2007, OMEGA provided the first non ambiguou...
Article
Full-text available
We present the occurrence of waves patterns on the southern polar region of Mars as traced by the O2 dayglow emission at λ = 1.27 μm during late winter/early spring of MY 28. The observations were carried out by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité) imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express (MEX). Waves are...
Article
Full-text available
Mapping of the aphelion clouds over the Tharsis plateau and retrieval of their particle size and visible opacity are made possible by the OMEGA imaging spectrometer aboard Mars Express. Observations cover the period from MY26 Ls = 330° to MY29 Ls = 180° and are acquired at various local times, ranging from 8 AM to 6 PM. Cloud maps of the Tharsis re...
Article
Clay minerals, recently discovered to be widespread in Mars's Noachian terrains, indicate long-duration interaction between water and rock over 3.7 billion years ago. Analysis of how they formed should indicate what environmental conditions prevailed on early Mars. If clays formed near the surface by weathering, as is common on Earth, their presenc...
Article
Imaging spectrometers are highly effective instruments for investigation of planetary atmospheres. They present the advantage of coupling the compositional information to the spatial distribution, allowing simultaneous study of chemistry and dynamics in the atmospheres of Venus and Mars. In this work, we summarize recent results about the O2(a1Δg)...
Article
We present here the annual behavior of atmospheric water vapor on Mars, as observed by the OMEGA spectrometer on board Mars Express during its first martian year. We consider all the different features of the cycle of water vapor: temporal evolution, both at a seasonal and at a diurnal scale; longitudinal distribution; and the vertical profile, thr...
Article
Carbon dioxide clouds, which are speculated by models on solar and extra-solar planets, have been recently observed near the equator of Mars. The most comprehensive identification of Martian CO2 ice clouds has been obtained by the near-IR imaging spectrometer OMEGA. CRISM, a similar instrument with a higher spatial resolution, cannot detect these c...
Article
We present a model of radiative transfer through atmospheric particles based on Monte Carlo methods. This model can be used to analyze and remove the contribution of aerosols in remote sensing observations. We have developed a method to quantify the contribution of atmospheric dust in near-IR spectra of the Martian surface obtained by the OMEGA ima...
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Full-text available
Near-surface perennial water ice on Mars has been previously inferred down to latitudes of about 45{\deg} and could result from either water vapor diffusion through the regolith under current conditions or previous ice ages precipitations. In this paper we show that at latitudes as low as 25{\deg} in the southern hemisphere buried water ice in the...
Article
Previous spectroscopic studies have shown the presence of hydrated minerals in various kinds of sedimentary accumulations covering and encircling the martian North Polar Cap. More specifically, gypsum, a hydrated calcium sulfate, has been detected on Olympia Planum, a restricted part of the Circum-Polar Dune Field. To further constrain the geograph...
Article
The polar condensation/sublimation of CO2, that involve about one fourth of the atmosphere mass, is the major Martian climatic cycle. Early observations in visible and thermal infrared have shown that the sublimation of the Seasonal South Polar Cap (SSPC) is not symmetric around the geographic South Pole.Here we use observations by OMEGA/Mars Expre...
Article
Jean-Pierre Bibring received the Whipple Award at the 2009 AGU Fall Meeting, held 14-18 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes an individual who has made an outstanding contribution in the field of planetary science.
Article
The advent of spaceborne, near-infrared hyperspectral instruments for Mars has opened a new era of discovery through the coupled analysis of surface mineralogy and geomorphology. Major findings include the detection of hydrous minerals such as phyllosilicates in the southern highlands of Mars, which has lead to a better understanding of the planet'...