Jean-Philippe Gilbert’s research while affiliated with Hydro-Québec and other places

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Publications (2)


Study area of the Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project and geographic scope for each research component. Between Cape Jones and Boatswain Bay, the land is divided into 27 coastal traplines (i.e., designated family territories where harvesting activities are by tradition carried on under the supervision of a Cree tallyman (Québec 1976)). The dashed black line delineates traplines that did not participate in the research from 2019 to 2022. Ocean and eelgrass components overlapped along the coast, but ocean team remote sensing measurements also included offshore waters. The GMS-GPS tracking of geese is not represented. Subpanel (a) eelgrass shoot showing parts above and below the sediments. Rhizomes, which are in the sediment, anchor the eelgrass shoots. Roots attached to the rhizomes absorb nutrients from the sediments; subpanel (b) picture of an eelgrass meadow (credit: Kaleigh Davis). Map projection: NAD83 Québec Lambert. Data source: Government of Canada (2013) and Government of Quebec (2020). No permission was required to use the map data.
Timeline of events leading to the implementation of the Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project. NC: Niskamoon Corporation; HQ: Hydro-Québec; CNG: Cree Nation Government.
Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project’s main question and research teams (A), and research sub-questions identified by the research teams, around which field activities, analyses, and research deliverables were organized (B). Numbers refer to sub-questions in the text. EJB: Eastern James Bay.
Workflow towards co-developing research, promoting community engagement and validation process in the Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project. The feedback loops between researchers (R), CHCRP-Streering Committee (SC), and Cree land users indicate an iterative process. NLO: Niskamoon local officer.
Contributions of partners and researchers towards shared goals of developing salient (green), legitimate (grey), and credible (purple) results in the research program.
Cree-driven community-partnered research on coastal ecosystem change in subarctic Canada: a multiple knowledge approach
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June 2024

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1 Citation

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Indigenous-driven and community-partnered research projects seeking to develop salient, legitimate, and credible knowledge bases for environmental decision-making require a multiple knowledge systems approach. When involving partners in addition to communities, diverging perspectives and priorities may arise, making the pathways to engaging in principled research while generating actionable knowledge unclear to disciplinarily-trained natural science researchers. Here, we share insights from the Eeyou Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project (CHCRP), an interdisciplinary, Cree-driven community-academic partnership. This project brought together Cree community members, regional organizations, industry (Hydro-Québec), and academics from seven universities across Canada to address the unprecedented loss of seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass), the concurrent decline in migratory Canada geese and its impact on fall goose harvest activities in Eeyou Istchee. After describing the history and context of the project, we discuss the challenges, complexities, and benefits of the collaborative approach balancing saliency, legitimacy, and credibility of the knowledge produced. We suggest the paper may be of use to researchers and partners seeking to engage in principled and actionable research related to environmental change including impacts of past development.

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Limited recovery following a massive seagrass decline in subarctic eastern Canada

October 2022

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179 Reads

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20 Citations

Global Change Biology

Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing recognition for seagrasses' contribution to the functioning of nearshore ecosystems and climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, seagrass ecosystems have been deteriorating globally at an accelerating rate during recent decades. In 2017, research into the condition of eelgrass (Zostera marina) along the eastern coast of James Bay, Canada, was initiated in response to reports of eelgrass decline by the Cree First Nations of Eeyou Istchee. As part of this research, we compiled and analyzed two decades of eelgrass cover data and three decades of eelgrass monitoring data (biomass and density) to detect changes and assess possible environmental drivers. We detected a major decline in eelgrass condition between 1995 and 1999, which encompassed the entire east coast of James Bay. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 indicated limited changes post decline, e.g., low eelgrass cover (<25%), low aboveground biomass, smaller shoots than before 1995, and marginally low densities persisted at most sites. Overall, the synthesized datasets show a 40 % loss of eelgrass meadows with > 50% cover in eastern James Bay since 1995, representing the largest scale eelgrass decline documented in eastern Canada since the massive die-off event that occurred in the 1930s along the North Atlantic coast. Using biomass data collected since 1982, but geographically limited to the sector of the coast near the regulated La Grande River, generalized additive modeling revealed eelgrass meadows are affected by local sea surface temperature, early ice breakup and higher summer freshwater discharge. Our results caution against assuming subarctic seagrass ecosystems have avoided recent global declines or will benefit from ongoing climate warming.

Citations (1)


... After 50 years, oceanographic studies in James Bay have begun anew (Mundy, 2021;Peck et al., 2022;Évrard et al., 2023;Meilleur et al., 2023), in part to address community and First Nation concerns about observed environmental changes along coastal areas of the bay, including declines in seagrasses (Zostera marina, commonly known as eelgrass). A recent study found statistical associations between eelgrass biomass and high discharge from the regulated La Grande River (LGR), which discharges into northeast James Bay (NEJB; Leblanc et al., 2023). The objectives of this study are to alleviate persisting baseline data gaps by (1) characterizing the freshwater and nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) distributions, sources and fate in the NEJB coastal area under contemporary flow regimes during summer and winter; and (2) assessing how the modifications to LGR have affected nutrient stocks in the coastal environment. ...

Reference:

Influence of altered freshwater discharge on the seasonality of nutrient distributions near La Grande River, northeastern James Bay, Québec
Limited recovery following a massive seagrass decline in subarctic eastern Canada
  • Citing Article
  • October 2022

Global Change Biology