Jaypee Sevilla’s research while affiliated with Harvard University and other places

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Publications (27)


Patterns of Time Use Among Older People
  • Article

January 2022

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12 Reads

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2 Citations

SSRN Electronic Journal

Maddalena Ferranna

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Jaypee Sevilla

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Leo Zucker

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OP76 Economic Contributions Of Older Adults In Europe

January 2017

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57 Reads

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1 Citation

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care

INTRODUCTION Europe's population is aging rapidly. Europeans aged 60 years and over formed only 16 percent of Europe's total population in 1980, but they now constitute 24 percent and will grow to 34 percent by 2050 (1). These challenges may be expected in the form of tighter labor markets, lower savings rates, and slower economic growth, as well as fiscal stress from lower earnings and tax revenue and increased pension and healthcare spending. We may, however, overestimate the magnitude of these challenges and make poorer policy choices if we underestimate the productive contributions that older adults make to society. The literature measuring these productive contributions is regrettably underdeveloped, as is the literature on what policies can enhance such contributions. This study focuses on the market and non-market productive contributions of older adults in Europe and addresses three questions: (i) What is the nature and magnitude of the contributions made by older adults in Europe? (ii) How do those contributions vary by country, time, and age, and how are they likely to evolve as the relative size of older cohorts swells? (iii) How might changes in policy, institutions, behavior, and health likely influence the economic effects of population aging in Europe? METHODS These research questions are explored using multivariate statistical tools to analyze rich data from multiple countries and waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). RESULTS Older adults in Europe make significant productive contributions in the form of labor force participation, caregiving for family and friends, and volunteering. These contributions vary widely by country and are correlated with age, health status, official retirement age, and population age structure. CONCLUSIONS The economic effects of population aging in Europe can be significantly moderated by effective retirement and healthcare policy.



Acuerdos de seguridad económica en el contexto del envejecimiento de la población de la India

November 2010

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19 Reads

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1 Citation

Revista Internacional de Seguridad Social

ResumenEl rápido envejecimiento de la población de la India, así como el éxodo rural y la constante concentración de la población activa en el sector no estructurado han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar los acuerdos de seguridad económica para la tercera edad. Los lazos familiares tradicionales, esenciales como garantía mínima de seguridad económica, comienzan debilitarse y la longevidad creciente incrementa los costos de mantenimiento de las personas mayores. Como consecuencia, los ancianos corren más riesgos de permanecer o de caer en la pobreza. Paralelamente a sus esfuerzos por resolver esta situación, el Gobierno nacional y algunos estados de la India han lanzado una serie de programas para ofrecer a la gran mayoría de los indios sin acceso a servicios médicos o a un seguro de salud algún tipo de acceso a los mismos. Los trabajadores del sector estructurado reciben más prestaciones de seguridad social que los del sector no estructurado pero son sólo una pequeña proporción de la población activa. Las mujeres son particularmente vulnerables a la inseguridad económica. La experiencia de la India ofrece lecciones para otros países. Si bien el sector de la seguridad social ofrece espacio para iniciativas privadas, no cabe duda de que la mayoría de los emprendimientos en este ámbito deberán financiarse con los impuestos. Los proveedores del sector privado pueden desempeñar un papel importante, incluso si la mayor parte de los fondos proceden de fuentes públicas. Sin embargo, a medida que aumente el número de solicitudes de prestaciones, la actividad de los proveedores del sector privado se topará con mayores escollos. La India también ha demostrado que los estados pueden ejecutar correctamente las tareas de implementación, usando fondos del Estado nacional y con la serie de ventajas y desventajas que aporta la descentralización. Por último, la experiencia de este país en materia de implementación puede servir de guía para la búsqueda de beneficiarios, el uso de las tecnologías de la información en los sistemas de seguridad social y la gestión de los recursos humanos.


Wirtschaftliche Sicherheitsvorkehrungen im Kontext der alternden Bevölkerung in Indien

November 2010

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18 Reads

Internationale Revue für Soziale Sicherheit

AuszugDie rasche Alterung von Indiens Bevölkerung in Verbindung mit der Abwanderung aus ländlichen Gebieten und der anhaltenden Konzentration der Erwerbsbevölkerung im informellen Sektor hat die Notwendigkeit besserer Vorkehrungen zur wirtschaftlichen Absicherung älterer Menschen unterstrichen. Traditionelle Familienbindungen, die bisher wesentlich waren für die Gewährleistung eines Minimums an Sicherheit, beginnen sich aufzulösen, und die höhere Lebenserwartung verteuert die Betreuung der Alten. Daher sind ältere Menschen einem höheren Risiko der Armut oder Verarmung ausgesetzt. Parallel zu ihren Bemühungen in diesem Bereich haben die Regierung von Indien und einige indische Bundesstaaten eine Reihe von Programmen gestartet, die der großen Mehrheit der Inder, die sonst keinen ausreichenden Zugang hätten, einen gewissen Zutritt zur Gesundheitsversorgung oder Krankenversicherung gewährleisten sollen. Arbeitnehmer im formellen Sektor haben mehr soziale Sicherheit als Personen im informellen Sektor, aber sie machen nur einen kleinen Anteil der Gesamtarbeitnehmerschaft aus. Frauen sind wirtschaftlich ganz besonders starker Unsicherheit ausgesetzt. Indiens Erfahrung bietet Interessantes für andere Länder. Obwohl es im Bereich der sozialen Sicherheit Raum für Privatinitiativen gibt, ist klar, dass die meisten dieser Bemühungen über Steuern finanziert werden müssen. Die Rolle, die private Anbieter spielen können, ist erheblich, selbst wenn ein Großteil der Finanzierung aus staatlichen Quellen kommt; die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen werden gar noch steigen, da mehr Personen Leistungen in Anspruch nehmen wollen. Indien hat auch gezeigt, dass die Umsetzung gut mit Mitteln von der Zentralregierung auf einzelstaatlicher Ebene erfolgen kann; mit einer Reihe von Vor- und Nachteilen, die eine solche Dezentralisierung mit sich bringt. Schließlich kann Indiens Erfahrung, was die Umsetzung angeht, Orientierung in Fragen wie Erfassung der Zielgruppen, Einsatz von Informationstechnologie in Systemen der sozialen Sicherheit und Verwaltung von Humanressourcen bieten.


Economic Security Arrangements in the Context of Population Ageing in India

September 2010

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533 Reads

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138 Citations

International Social Security Review

The rapid ageing of India's population, in conjunction with migration out of rural areas and the continued concentration of the working population in the informal sector, has highlighted the need for better economic security arrangements for the elderly. Traditional family ties that have been key to ensuring a modicum of such security are beginning to fray, and increased longevity is making care of the elderly more expensive. As a result, the elderly are at increased risk of being poor or falling into poverty. In parallel with its efforts to address this issue, the Government of India and some of the Indian states have initiated an array of programmes for providing some level of access to health care or health insurance to the great majority of Indians who lack sufficient access. Formal-sector workers have greater social security than those in the informal sector, but they only represent a small share of the workforce. Women are particularly vulnerable to economic insecurity. India's experience offers some lessons for other countries. Although there is space for private initiatives in the social security arena, it is clear that most such efforts will need to be tax-financed. The role that private providers can play is substantial, even when most funding comes from public sources, but such activity will face greater challenges as more individuals seek benefits. India has also shown that implementation can often be carried out well by states using central government funds, with a set of advantages and disadvantages that such decentralization brings. Finally, India's experience with implementation can offer guidance on issues such as targeting, the use of information technology in social security systems, and human resource management.


Dispositions en matière de sécuritééconomique dans le contexte du vieillissement de la population en Inde

July 2010

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11 Reads

Revue Internationale de Sécurité Sociale

RésuméVu le vieillissement rapide de la population indienne, la migration des régions rurales et la concentration continue de la population active dans le secteur informel, il est nécessaire de prendre des mesures concrètes afin d'assurer la sécuritééconomique des personnes âgées. Ces dernières courent, d'ailleurs, un risque accru d'être pauvres ou de tomber dans la pauvreté en raison de l'effritement des liens familiaux traditionnels qui sont essentiels pour leur garantir un minimum de sécurité ainsi que de l'augmentation de la longévité qui entraîne une hausse des dépenses pour leurs soins. Parallèlement aux efforts déployés pour s'attaquer à ce problème, le gouvernement indien et certains Etats de l'Inde ont lancé une série de programmes visant à fournir à la grande majorité des Indiens des services de soins de santé et d'assurance maladie auxquels ils n'ont pas suffisamment accès. Bien que les travailleurs du secteur structuré jouissent d'une plus grande sécurité sociale que ceux du secteur informel, ils ne représentent qu'une faible part de la population active. Les femmes sont, quant à elles, extrêmement vulnérables à l'insécuritééconomique. L'expérience indienne sert de leçon à d'autres pays. Quoiqu'il y ait de la place pour des initiatives privées dans le domaine de la sécurité sociale, force est de constater que la plupart d'entre elles devront être financées par l'impôt. Même si la plus grande partie du financement provient de sources publiques, les prestataires privés jouent un rôle considérable, mais ils seront confrontés à des défis plus importants à mesure qu'un plus grand nombre de personnes demanderont des prestations. L'Inde a également montré que les Etats peuvent souvent mener à bien la mise en œuvre de mesures financées par le gouvernement central, avec bien sûr des avantages et des inconvénients propres à une telle décentralisation. Enfin, la pratique indienne peut éclairer des questions comme le ciblage, l'utilisation des technologies de l'information dans les systèmes de sécurité sociale et la gestion des ressources humaines.


Indoor air pollution in developing countries: Household use of traditional biomass fuels and the impact on mortality

March 2004

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83 Reads

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11 Citations

Ethan Yeh

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Michael B Mcelroy

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[...]

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Lori Snyder

An estimated 2.5 to 3 billion people worldwide rely on biomass fuels to meet their household energy needs. Burning wood, animal dung, or crop wastes in simple stoves, these households typically generate high levels of indoor air pollution that adversely affect health, especially of women and young children. Using cross-country data and household data from Pakistan, this thesis estimates the effect of biomass fuel use on infant mortality and child mortality. The simple cross-country results show positive, significant associations between biomass fuel use and infant and child mortality. Perhaps because of considerable strain on the data, these associations do not stand up to a configuration using a cross-country panel with country-specific fixed effects. On the other hand, household-level micro results show positive effects of traditional biomass fuel use on mortality, although the coefficients are not always well-determined. Taken as a whole, the results support the conclusion that dependence on traditional biomass fuels leads to higher risks of child mortality. The estimates imply that a 10 percentage-point decrease in the share of energy consumption due to biomass fuels for a country lowers its child mortality rate by roughly 7 deaths per 1,000 live births. For a country such as Kenya, in which roughly three-fourths of total energy consumption is supplied by biomass fuels, the implication is that switching completely to non-biomass fuels would, ceteris paribus, lower its child mortality rate by 38 percent and prevent 54,000 deaths to children before the age of five. On a global level, the health effects associated with traditional biomass fuels potentially rival those of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Saks for all their comments, guidance, and support. Any errors are entirely my own.



The Effect of Health on Economic Growth

January 2004

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7,767 Reads

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1,259 Citations

World Development

We estimate a production function model of aggregate economic growth including two variables that microeconomists have identified as fundamental components of human capital: work experience and health. Our main result is that good health has a positive, sizable, and statistically significant effect on aggregate output even when we control for experience of the workforce. We argue that the life expectancy effect in growth regressions appears to be a real labor productivity effect, and is not the result of life expectancy acting as a proxy for worker experience.


Citations (20)


... En ce qui concerne les subventions en particulier et les dépenses publiques en général, la question de leur apport dans l'enseignement supérieur reste sujette à débats (Birdsall 1996). Par exemple, Bloom et Sevilla (2004) posent trois conditions pour qu'une telle politique d'investissement puisse réellement promouvoir une allocation socialement efficiente des ressources : (i) le bénéfice social net provenant de ces investissements doit être positif, (ii) les promoteurs privés ne doivent pas disposer des capacités ou incitations nécessaires pour entreprendre un niveau d'investissement optimal sur le plan social, et (iii) les investissements doivent générer plus de bénéfices sociaux nets que les autres formes d'usage de fonds publics. Les auteurs estiment sur cette base que la première condition est susceptible d'être réalisée, la seconde l'est moins et la troisième est encore plus incertaine. ...

Reference:

JHEA, Volume 4, n°2, 2006 - Full Issue
5 - Should There Be a General Subsidy for Higher Education in Developing Countries?: David E. Bloom & Jaypee Sevilla
  • Citing Article
  • January 2003

Journal of Higher Education in Africa

... « La recherche est un processus sans fin dont on ne peut jamais dire comment il évoluera. L'imprévisible est dans la nature même de la science » Pierre Joliot-Curie En étudiant les transitions démographiques de certains pays en Asie comme le Japon, la Corée du Sud et le Taïwan, l'importance du dividende démographique 1 dans l'émergence économique de ces pays a été démontrée dans les faits et solidement mis en évidence par des travaux de recherche (Rabier, 2020 ;Eastwood et Lipton, 2012 ;Attané et Barbieri, 2009 ;Bloom et al. 2003). Si les modifications de la structure par âge de ces pays ont conduit à un avantage économique, il convient de souligner qu'il a été rendu possible par une préparation significative en amont. ...

Le « bonus démographique » Comment les dynamiques de population peuvent influencer la croissance économique: [Banking the "Demographic Dividend:" How Population Dyanamics Can Effect Economic Growth]
  • Citing Book
  • January 2003

... The demographic dividend has been cited as one of the predominant reasons for the highest level of economic development ever seen globally that occurred in East Asia [1] . The process of acquiring benefits from the demographic dividend is unfortunately not automatic [2]. Countries that go through demographic transition may indeed see youth bulges and a large proportion of working-aged individuals, but if the appropriate policies are not in place to ensure that these individuals are adequately employed, economic development will not occur [3]. ...

Banking the "Demographic Dividend": How Population Dynamics Can Affect Economic Growth
  • Citing Book
  • January 2002

... In the following, we discuss the main insights from the papers in this special issue in more detail. Bloom et al. (2020b) assess the economic contribution of older adults (aged 60 and over) in terms of the value generated by market activities and productive non-market activities. The activities by which older adults contribute economically include (1) formal employment-although the labor force participation rate is smaller than for younger age groups, (2) volunteering, (3) taking care for grandchildren, (4) providing support for other household members, and (5) providing support for others outside of the household. ...

OP76 Economic Contributions Of Older Adults In Europe
  • Citing Article
  • January 2017

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care

... Conversely, larger countries with diverse populations often experience greater disparities in wealth (Alesina et al. 1999). Empirical studies indicate that while larger populations can contribute to economic growth, they can also result in diminishing returns if population growth occurs at an excessive rate without corresponding improvements in resources and infrastructure (Bloom et al. 2003). -Natural resources: The availability of natural resources, such as oil, minerals, or fertile land, can have a substantial impact on a country's economic prosperity. ...

The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change
  • Citing Book
  • January 2003

... shares still appears to remain well beyond the methodological grasp of social science" (Pechman, 1970in Paulsen, 2001). As it is not possible to attach a monetary value to many of the social outcomes of education, it is a challenge to calculate the social rate of return (Biffl and Isaac, 2002;Bloom and Sevilla, 2004;Curs et al., 2011). As Bloom and Sevilla (2004) state "here, we run into the boundaries of economics" (p. ...

Public Subsidies for Higher Education in Developing Countries
  • Citing Article
  • March 2015

International Higher Education

... Periode ini secara teoritis diyakini sebagai jendela peluang emas untuk melesatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, memperkuat daya saing bangsa, dan mendorong transformasi sosial secara signifikan. Namun, sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam berbagai studi demografi dan pembangunan (Bloom et al., 2003;Mason, 2010;Wibowo, 2010), peluang tersebut bersifat temporal dan dapat berbalik menjadi bencana demografi apabila tidak dikelola dengan strategi yang tepat. Pertanyaannya sederhana: apakah kita akan membuka pintu itu dan melangkah maju, atau justru melewatkannya dan menyesal selamanya? ...

The Demographic Dividend: A New Perspective on the Economic Consequences of Population Change
  • Citing Article
  • January 2003

Foreign Affairs

... 'If most of a nation's population falls within the working ages, the added productivity of this group can produce a 'demographic dividend' of economic growth'. 15 For a while these countries have relatively few people in the dependent age groups and this allows resources to be concentrated on development. As these researchers stress, this dividend is far from automatic; rather it provides a window of opportunity for economic growth which may or may not be realised. ...

The Demographic Dividend A New Perspective on the
  • Citing Article

... This scenario changed in later years with the advent of the 1998-1999 financial crisis. Though the affected countries soon overcame it and managed the next crisis well, Murniningtyas (2009) revealed that Indonesian economy has gained a growth momentum of 6% since 2006 and countries like India, China, and Brazil have also been able to cope better. But a few economies had a harder time. ...

3rd China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction, 4th ASEAN+3 High-Level Seminar on Poverty Reduction, and Asia-wide Regional High-level Meeting on The Impact of the Global Economic Slowdown on Poverty and Sustainable Development
  • Citing Article

... Also, the adverse effect of wood fuel usage can be associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality among the population (Sulaiman et al., 2017). Yeh (2004) revealed that an increase in traditional biomass usage increases infant and child mortality rates in developing countries. It, therefore, reduces the availability of the workforce and increases the social health cost of pollution. ...

Indoor air pollution in developing countries: Household use of traditional biomass fuels and the impact on mortality
  • Citing Article
  • March 2004