Jason Holt's research while affiliated with National Oceanography Centre and other places

... For the time being, then, some form of downscaling to access scales of relevance and to span possible future states would seem to still be required. Figure 5 "protocol" in Drenkard et al. (2021) reflects the wide range of downscaling methodologies in the literature-in particular see the examples in Tables S1 in Drenkard et al. (2021) and Holt et al. (2022)-and the need to perhaps unify approaches to provide confidence when deriving future ecosystem plans. ...

... Ocean variability in this area was affected by tidal-scale phenomena, such as K1 tidal harmonic component, which produces strong tidal energy (Katavouta et al., 2022;Koropitan and Ikeda, 2008) to the interannual scale due to anomaly of climate variability such as ENSO and IOD Saji et al., 1999). The physical and dynamical processes in the JS such as the seasonal reversal Asia-Austral monsoon wind system (Hamzah et al., 2020;Wyrtki, 1961), seasonal reversal wind-driven ocean circulation (Apriansyah et al., 2023;Kok et al., 2021), the eastward Sunda Shelf (SS) throughflow (ApriansyahAtmadipoera, 2020), the westward M-ITF (Apriansyah et al., 2023;Gaol and Sadhotomo, 2017;Gordon et al., 2019;Kok et al., 2021) strongly controlled the distributions of seawater temperature, salinity, surface chl-a, and oceans currents. ...

... Glider observations of the EW find the strength and structure of the ESC to be good agreement with previous results from the same region. For instance, the ∼15 cm s −1 mean current core observed in the upper ∼400 m (Figure 5c) is consistent with velocity structure reported by both Booth and Ellett (1983), Souza et al. (2001), and Huthnance et al. (2022). Furthermore, Souza et al. (2001) also observe a S maximum offset to the east of the velocity core ( Figure 3d). ...

... help prevent the losses caused by typhoons and typhoon waves, especially in regions in which typhoons frequently occur [10]. Numerical simulations with high temporal and spatial resolutions are playing an increasingly important role in typhoon and typhoon wave studies [11][12][13]. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, is a mesoscale meteorological model designed for atmospheric research and operational forecasting [14][15][16]. ...

... The assessment process is only one component to get to the spatial and temporal scales of relevance ("downscale") from the ESM. For example, Drenkard et al. (2021) in their Figure 5 show a potential "protocol" for providing the best local information from the global models; in terms of their Figure 5 our paper seeks to address only one of the schematic steps, namely "Synthesize Relevant Projected Large-Scale Climate Changes," leaving six other steps to be developed for the NZ region before any proposed end-to-end protocol can be established. In particular, their Figure 5 first step is about actually determining what LMR metrics will be required from the ESM, and at what spatial and temporal scales. ...

... Rivers and streams are being seriously impacted by agro-urban land-use changes. Resultant changes in the Belize River watershed are having impacts on the economically important near shore and off-shore corals [1]. These corals are part of the economically and ecologically important Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System (BBRRS), a UNESCO declared World Heritage site barrier reef. ...

... Our results show that the cold dense AW is cascading off the shelf from the eastern flank of the SAT and the Voronin Trough. Studies from Luneva et al. (2020) also show that SAT is one of the most favorable sites that produce intense dense water descending fluxes. The CAW signals have been amplified with increased CAW volume transport, especially when reaching S3 (Figure 4). ...

... Although dam breaks have led to considerable theoretical research, many existing analyses and studies have been performed using rectangular channels [7,8]; consequently, the general understanding between the cross-sectional shape and the fluid dynamics remains limited. Other cross-sectional shape models have also been developed [9][10][11][12], but these models are only applicable to trapezoidal, parabolic, and triangular cross-sections. Considering the complexity of a natural river, the analytical solution is not applicable to all channel shapes [7]. ...

... ERSEM , https://github.com/ pmlmodelling/ersem, last access: 9 February 2023) was originally designed as a marine biogeochemistry and lowertrophic-level model for the temperate European shelf seas (Baretta et al., 1995;Wakelin et al., 2020). However, it has found application in global settings (de Mora et al., 2016) as well as in regional configurations in the other parts of the world ocean using a variety of hydrodynamic models, e.g. in the Mediterranean (Kay et al., 2020), Arabian (Sankar et al., 2018), and East China (Ge et al., 2020) seas. ...

... Also, special care is therefore needed to avoid statistical pitfalls, such as overfitting. Several studies applied MLmethods in order to analyze and predict storm surges with promising results (Tiggeloven et al., 2021;Bruneau et al., 2020;Tadesse et al., 2020;Gönnert and Sossidi, 2011;Sztobryn, 2003). Statistical and machine learning models were compared when 60 simulating daily maximum surges on a quasi-global scale based on either remotely sensed predictors or predictors obtained from reanalysis products like ERA5-Interim data Tadesse et al. (2020). ...