Jason E. Goldstick's research while affiliated with University of Michigan and other places
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Publications (38)
Importance:
Evidence suggests that opioid prescribing was reduced nationally following the 2016 release of the Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain by the US Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). State-to-state variability in postguideline changes has not been quantified and could point to further avenues for reducing op...
Firearm homicides are increasing in the United States, and firearm homicides are a critical driver of racial health disparities. One such disparity that has received limited attention is excess firearm homicides among Hispanics, relative to White Non-Hispanics; comprehensively characterising this disparity is the purpose of this brief report. Using...
In 2020, firearm injury became the leading cause of death in U.S. children and adolescents. This study examines sequelae of firearm injury among children and adolescents in terms of health care costs and use within a family over time using an event study design. Using data from a large U.S. commercial insurance company from 2013 to 2019, we identif...
Introduction:
Interventions addressing cannabis use among emerging adults (ages 18-25) are currently needed to prevent negative outcomes. Emergency Department (ED) visits provide an opportunity to initiate interventions. In this pilot study, we created a brief intervention (BI), extended with private social media messaging for emerging adult ED pa...
Introduction
College students are an at-risk population for poor sleep health and higher body mass index (BMI), which are both linked to negative health outcomes later in life. Most studies examining the relationship between sleep and BMI are cross-sectional or have collected self-reported sleep data. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine t...
Background
Drug overdose (OD) deaths in the U.S. continue to rise. After opioids, benzodiazepines (BZD) are the medication most commonly involved in prescription overdoses, yet OD risk factors among those prescribed BZD are not well understood. Our objective was to examine characteristics of BZD, opioid, and other psychotropic prescriptions associa...
Background:
Firearm violence is one of the leading preventable causes of death and injury in the United States and is on the rise. While policies regulating access to firearms offer opportunities to prevent firearm-related deaths, an understanding of the holistic impact of changing state firearm policies on firearm homicide rates over the last 30...
Background:
Benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely prescribed to older adults despite their association with increased fall injury. Our aim is to better characterize risk-elevating factors among those prescribed BZD.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study using a 20% sample of Medicare beneficiaries with Part D prescription drug coverage. Patients wit...
This cross-sectional study describes and compares key characteristics of state COVID-19 vaccine incentive programs in the US.
Purpose of review:
Community violence is a serious public health problem, and generational investments are being made to address it. Agent-based models (ABMs) are computational tools that can help to optimize allocation of those investments, analogous to how computer simulation models, broadly, have informed decision making in other fields, such a...
Importance:
In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the evidence-based Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. How the release of this guideline coincided with changes in nonopioid pain medication prescribing rates remains unknown.
Objective:
To evaluate changes in nonopioid pain medication prescribing...
Background:
Pharmacy standing order policies allow pharmacists to dispense naloxone, thereby increasing access to naloxone.
Objectives:
To describe pharmacy standing order participation and associations of pharmacy and community characteristics that predict naloxone availability and dispensing across eight counties in Michigan.
Methods:
We con...
Purpose
Cannabis use is increasing among emerging adults (ages 18-25), necessitating the need for prevention interventions. Using a novel platform – social media – we developed an 8-week motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting cannabis use among emerging adults. Herein, we report on the feasibility and acceptabilit...
Objective:
Simultaneous alcohol and nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) increases acute risks (e.g., overdose) associated with each; understanding social, substance use, and mental health predictors of same-day use may suggest intervention targets.
Method:
At an urban emergency department, research assistants recruited youth ages 14-24 repo...
Purpose
Demolishing abandoned buildings has been found to reduce nearby firearm violence. However, these effects might vary within cities and across time scales. We aimed to identify potential moderators of the effects of demolitions on firearm violence using a novel approach that combined machine learning and aerial imagery.
Methods
Outcomes were...
Loneliness is a public health problem causing morbidity and mortality. Individuals with substance use problems are often lonelier than the general population. We evaluate the longitudinal associations between social influences, substance use, and loneliness among adolescents and young adults recruited from an urban Emergency Department (ED). We use...
Objective
The study was done to evaluate levels of missing and invalid values in the Michigan (MI) National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) (MI-EMSIS) and explore possible causes to inform improvement in data reporting and prehospital care quality.
Methods
We used a mixed-methods approach to study trends in data reporting. T...
While much is known about attitudes towards police and weapon carriage independently, it is unclear whether the two are associated. In the current study, we explored this potential association and whether it was moderated by race in a sample of adolescents. After adjusting for age, gender, perceived risk of victimization, and violence victimization...
Importance
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the “Guideline For Prescribing Opioids For Chronic Pain” (hereafter, CDC guideline) in 2016, but its association with prescribing practices for patients who are opioid naive is unknown.
Objective
To estimate changes in initial prescribing rates, duration, and dosage practices...
Objective:
Cannabis use is broadly associated with risky sexual behaviors, but evidence regarding how cannabis is related to condomless sex at the individual level is mixed. A better understanding of the context in which cannabis use is occurring, that is, why individuals are using cannabis on a particular day, could help clarify these relationshi...
Cannabis-using youth are a large epidemiologic subgroup whose age and smoking-related risks underscore the importance of examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population. Within a clinical trial (n = 36 received an intervention prior to data collection reported herein), we surveyed cannabis-using emerging adults (ages 18-25) about p...
Statement of purpose
To use longitudinal data collected from youth presenting to an urban emergency department to determine predictors of within-person changes in alcohol and prescription opioid same day use frequency.
Methods/Approach
Research assistants recruited youth age 14–24 reporting past-six-month substance use into the Flint Youth Injury...
Statement of purpose
To use data from a state-wide opioid overdose surveillance system in Michigan to evaluate changes in opioid overdose frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods/Approach
The System for Opioid Overdose Surveillance (SOS) is a near real-time overdose surveillance system in the state of Michigan run out of the University of M...
Youth firearm injury is a worsening public health crisis, and the risks are not distributed evenly. Bottiani et al. skillfully explicated those health disparities, described sociological factors underlying them, and explored avenues for prevention. We supplement their analysis by detailing problems and solutions related to a critical barrier to fir...
Statement of purpose
Estimate frequency of drug use disorder (DUD), multiple substance co-diagnosis network characteristics, and predictors of DUD among youth entering an urban emergency department (ED).
Methods/Approach
Drug-using youth age 14–24 (n=599; 349 assault-injured) presenting to a Level-1 ED were recruited. Participants were contacted a...
Background
The distinction between within- and between-person associations with drug use disorder (DUD) has implications for intervention targets and content. We used longitudinal data from youth entering an urban emergency department (ED) to identify factors related to changes in DUD diagnosis, with particular emphasis on alcohol use.
Methods
Res...
Introduction
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common, life-threatening event encountered routinely by first responders, including police, fire and emergency medical services (EMS). Current literature suggests that there is significant regional variation in outcomes, some of which may be related to modifiable factors. Yet, there is a persi...
More than 652 000 people in the US died from firearm injuries between 1999 and 2018.¹ Given that firearms are embedded within US culture (in 2018, 21.9% of individuals owned a firearm and 35.2% lived in households with firearms²) evidence-based public health measures and policies that enhance firearm safety are needed. Firearm injuries are multifac...
Objective
Same day use of alcohol and cannabis is prevalent among emerging/young adults and increases the risk for negative consequences. Although motives for alcohol and cannabis use are well-documented, specific motives on co-use days are under-investigated. We examined differences in motives on single substance use (i.e. alcohol or cannabis) ver...
Introduction:
Prescription opioid use and driving is a public health concern given the risks associated with drugged driving, but the issue remains under-studied. We examined the prevalence and correlates of driving after taking prescription opioids (DAPO) among adults seeking emergency department (ED) treatment.
Methods:
Participants (aged 25-6...
Introduction
Exposure to violence is a risk factor for firearm carriage. Youth exposed to violence also have difficulty envisioning positive future outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes), which can increase the likelihood of firearm carriage over time. Researchers, however, have not yet examined whether changes in exposure to violence over time can...
Importance
Benzodiazepines, which are associated with safety-related harms for older adults, were not covered when the US Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit began. Coverage was extended to benzodiazepines in 2013.
Objective
To examine whether the expansion of benzodiazepine coverage among Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries was associated...
This study examines the effects of a neighbourhood greening and beautification strategy called Clean & Green on crime prevention and reduction. Point level data for all Part I index crimes and Clean & Green efforts in the study area from 2005 to 2014 are analysed using spatial and linear regression with two key modifications: (1) controlling for te...
Background:
Obesity in the United States is a serious and preventable health concern. Previous research suggests that habitual short sleep may influence obesity-risk behaviors, such as increased caloric intake, decreased physical activity and increased engagement in sedentary activities (e.g., media consumption, computer usage). Given that existin...
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To identify characteristics of counties with persistently high opioid-overdose rates and low capacity to deliver medications for OUD (MOUD). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Setting: County-level opioid-overdose death data, 2013-2016, and 2017 publicly-available treatment provider data for MOUD: buprenorphine-waivered providers,...
Citations
... It had been reported that many risk factors may relate to the prognosis of geriatric hip fractures, including nutrition status [5], muscle strength [6], oxidative status [7], and so on. Similarly, the use of drugs was also proved to be associated with injury risk and the outcomes of hip fracture [8,9]. Figuring out the impact of drugs on the prognosis of hip fractures in older patients may provide us with a more advanced strategy to benefit the patients and improve their life qualities. ...
... 42 Beginning in 2017, firearms now represent the number one cause of death among persons ages 1 to 19 years. 43 Overall firearm-related fatalities involving children and adolescents in the United States increased 29.5% between 2019 and 2020. 42 Drug overdose and poisoning increased by 83.6% in this same time frame among children and adolescents, now representing the third leading cause of pediatric death. ...
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... ABM approaches can be used to explore mechanisms driving population-level patterns, and/or as a virtual laboratory to explore outcomes under different conditions (Auchincloss & Diez Roux, 2008;Epstein, 1999). ABM has been used to compare the relative impacts of different interventions and policy changes on rates of community violence (Goldstick & Jay, 2022) and to identify optimal infection control strategies, including mitigation strategies against COVID-19 infection among elementary-age students attending in-person schools (Morrison et al., 2023). ...
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... ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06. 12.23291303 doi: medRxiv preprint Opioids for Chronic Pain, opioid prescription durations decreased, and non-opioid pain medication prescriptions increased [10,24,25]. However, in 2019, Tong et al. [26] reported that clinicians still found multiple barriers to decreasing the prescriptions of chronic opioids, including contraindications to nonopioid treatment options, restricted availability of adjunctive management approaches, and time constraints [26]. ...
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... The online interventions examined the effectiveness of integrating MI and CBT with the presence of an e-coach [42], psychoeducation [31], peer relationships [35,36], or a negative affect [30]. ...
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... Most used a version of the Timeline Followback (TLFB) to record days of use of each drug over a 30-or 90 day period. The TLFB was first developed as a self-report measure for retrospective estimates of alcohol use using a calendar format (Sobell et al., 1997(Sobell et al., , 1999 and has since been expanded to assess the use of multiple other substances (Goldstick et al., 2022;Martin-Willett et al., 2020;Rendina et al., 2015;Robinson et al., 2014). The TLFB has been compared with other clinical measures and biological measures and has demonstrated good reliability and validity (Eyawo et al., 2020;Martin-Willett et al., 2020). ...
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... Reports on loneliness, the subjectively perceived lack of social connection 1 , have shown that, across the world, adolescents are the age group most affected by increasing levels of loneliness [3][4][5] . Over the past two decades, longitudinal research has revealed associations between adolescent loneliness and depression 6-11 and drug use [12][13][14][15] . However, the direction of causality is unclear, and bi-directional effects between loneliness and mental ill health have been reported 8 . ...
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... Demolitions in Detroit between 2009-2016 were associated with significant relative reductions in firearm violence, specifically, in block groups with 5 + demolitions, but not drug-related offenses [21]. Finally, an analysis of demolitions in Rochester, NY between 2000 and 2020 using 152 m x 152 m grid squares with at least one demolition, and adjusted for spatial dependence, found both short-and long-term reductions in shootings compared to citywide rates [22]. ...
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... Notwithstanding the benefits reported of cannabis consumption in our results and others, it is important to keep in mind that drug use is associated with risky sexual behaviours such as unprotected sex and the appearance of sexually transmitted infections [29,30], leading to careless and unsafe sexual encounters [31]. These high-risk attitudes are frequently associated with increased relaxation, euphoria, disinhibition, decreased self-control, and decreased risk perception caused by psychoactive substances, which cause users to be less cautious and to forget the importance of safe sex [32]. ...
... If some specific medication types were missed more often than others, the percentages of these medication of the total MME dispensation would be underestimated. This Israeli community-based analysis shows trends of increasing prescriptions through the second decade of the twenty-first century, that significantly differ from those of the USA, where decreases in opioid prescribing are seen over the same time period [20,21]. We believe that there are a number of contributing factors to these trends, of increasing prescriptions, that are acting synergistically. ...
