Jason D. Roh's research while affiliated with Massachusetts General Hospital and other places

... Physical activity promotes healthy aging and prevents CVD [162][163][164][165] . Progressive and vigorous exercise for 1 year in previously sedentary people aged 65 and over induces physiological LV remodeling, increases stroke volume and total aortic compliance, and decreases arterial elastance [166] , while studies in aged mice correlated the benefits of exercise with increased exercise capacity, improved diastolic function, physiological cardiac hypertrophy and increased cardiomyogenesis [167][168][169] . Even in mice expressing a proofreading-deficient version of Polg, endurance exercise for 5 months increases mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative capacity and alleviates age-associated cardiomyopathy [170] . ...

... Human walking and running activities may be modeled in rodents through experimental paradigms based on exposure to different kinds of voluntary and involuntary exercise, that can be scheduled to construct an acute or chronic model [74]. The exposure to voluntary aerobic activity is typically carried out by means of running wheels or an equivalent tool, such as an angled rotating running track [21]. ...

... With a rapid increase in its incidence and prevalence, heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue. 1 Currently, HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been recognized as the major form of HF, with a 5-year survival rate after the first hospitalization of 35%-40%. 1 HFpEF is a systemic syndrome characterized by diastolic dysfunction, classic HF symptomatology (shortness of breath, edema, and exercise intolerance), and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, >50%), involving heart, liver, skeleton muscle, adipose, and other tissue. 2 Increasing evidence recognized the essential role of inflammation in the development of HFpEF, as demonstrated by elevated levels of plasma biomarkers (to name a few, C reactive proteins [CRP], tumor necrotic factor alpha [TNF-α], and pentraxin 3 [PTX3]) and improved performance postantiinflammatory interventions. 2 As an important but generally overlooked subgroup of white blood cells, eosinophil was considered as an antiparasitic and pro-allergic player due to its capacity to produce galectin-10, major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), derivatives of arachidonic acid, and other active substances. ...

... Multiple factors likely contribute to cardiac injury and dysfunction in COVID-19 [9]. It seems that the occurrence of COVID-19-induced myocardial damage is a multifaceted pathophysiological process that includes interplay between oxidative distress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis as the major underlying mechanisms [10][11][12]. ...

... These particles transport calcium and phosphate to bones and prevent vascular calcification by inhibiting growth and aggregation of hydroxyapatite (Jahnen-Dechent et al., 2011). MGP deficiency upregulates the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which promotes transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteochondrogenic cells (Malhotra et al., 2022). These transdifferentiated VSMCs secrete calcium ions and phosphate ions, accelerating vascular calcification (Speer et al., 2009;Neven et al., 2011). ...

... In contrast, proinflammatory pathways of IL6, IL1, and TNFA signaling were not increased in Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated macaques (Fig 4B). Further, proteomics analysis showed that pathways of thrombosis and markers upregulated in plasma from severe COVID-19 patients [26] were upregulated in sham macaques challenged with WA1/2020 or B.1.351 variant but were unchanged in vaccinated animals (Fig 4B). ...

... In this study, it was different from the previous studies that the prevelance of frailty in HFpEF is the lowest among the three categories of HF. A previous study has shown that HF patients with HFpEF are more likely to have frailty and higher frailty states [36]. Compared with the previous studies, the age of participants in this study is relatively low (73 [68e80]), which may be the possible reason for the difference between this study and previous studies. ...

... Other studies have reported hydrogel scaffolds prepared from various biocompatible polymeric materials that included N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), poly Nisopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methacrylate polylactide (MAPLA), dextran (Dex), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and gelatine [79][80][81]. Poly (NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-MAPLA) hydrogels [79] in an infarcted swine model, whereas Dex-PCL-HEMA/PNIPAAm (DPHP) hydrogels [80] and gelatine methacryloyl hydrogels [81] in infarcted rodents have also been shown to attenuate LV remodelling and improve cardiac function. ...

... Several potential mechanisms might underlie the observed relations between a healthy lifestyle and HF. Animal studies have shown that exercise training (ExT) can reverse cardiac aging phenotypes associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HfpEF) in male mice, and its molecular mechanism involves that ExT reversing the downregulation of fatty acid metabolism pathways related to aging and ultimately regulating the cell cycle and cell division [49]. Other animal studies in mice have also shown that the improvement of heart failure by exercise is related to the recovery of oxidative metabolism [50], the β3-AR-nNOS-NO pathway [51], autonomic imbalance, and impaired calcium homeostasis [52]. ...

... 3 Apart from age being an irreversible signi cant risk factor, other geriatric factors such as multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment and frailty can make HF management in older people complex. 1,4 With the growing population of older people and how the prevalence of HF doubles with each decade, managing HF in older people continues to be one of the major challenges in cardiovascular care. 5 The major goals of therapy in HF management include improving quality of life, reducing mortality risk and preventing hospital readmission. ...