Jaromír Vaňhara’s research while affiliated with Masaryk University and other places
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Nemotelus nartshukae sp. nov. is described from Mongolia and its relationships are discussed. Nemotelus kaszabi Lindner, 1973 is proposed as a new synonym of Nemotelus ilensis Pleske, 1937 based on the examination of Lindnerʼs paratype. Nemotelus ventiflavus Cui, Zhang & Yang, 2009 (= N. ventriflavus according to the present emendation) is apparently also conspecific with N. ilensis based on all the external characters as well as the male terminalia as defined and illustrated in the original description.
Six Oriental species of Evaza Walker, 1856 were described by J.C.H. de Meijere in the period between 1911 and 1924. The type specimens are now deposited in the Museum Naturalis (Leiden). All species were redescribed, photographed and their diagnostic characters were defined. Male terminalia of five species with known males were illustrated in detail. The revised species were compared with recently described new species from Oriental China. Additional material belonging to the revised species was recorded for the first time from the following countries: Evaza demeijerei Brunetti, 1923 (= E. pallipes de Meijere, 1916a) and E. discolor de Meijere, 1916a were found in Malaysia, E. javanensis de Meijere 1911 in Singapore, E. kerteszi de Meijere, 1914 in Laos and Malaysia and E. maculifera de Meijere, 1914 in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
The molecular phylogeny of flat-footed flies is inferred from analysis of DNA sequence data from the five mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, COI, COII and CytB, and the nuclear gene 28S and discussed with the recent systematics based on morphological features. The Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses included 42 species of 18 genera, representing all four extant subfamilies (Microsaniinae, Melanderomyiinae, Callomyiinae and Platypezinae) and all known genera except one (Metaclythia). Representatives of the brachycerous taxa Lonchopteridae, Phoridae, Sciadocerinae (Phoridae) and Opetiidae are used as outgroups, and Lonchoptera was used to root the trees. Our results show Platypezidae consisting of two well-supported clades, the first with the subfamilies Melanderomyiinae + Callomyiinae and the second formed by subfamily Platypezinae. Genus Microsania was resolved as a separate lineage distant from Platypezidae which clustered with Opetiidae as its sister group, both together forming a sister group to Platypezidae. At the generic level, the genus Agathomyia proved not to be monophyletic in any of the analyses. The species Chydaeopeza tibialis is sister to Agathomyia sexmaculata, and consequently, the genus Chydaeopeza Shatalkin, 1992 is a new junior synonym of Agathomyia Verrall, 1901. Bifurcated setae on legs of adult Platypezidae are documented as a new synapomorphy of the family, exclusive of Microsania. Outstretched wings and only a small overlap of their surfaces at resting position are considered a new synapomorphy for the subfamily Platypezinae. Other phylogenetically important characters defining main clades are documented, and their relevance/validity in phylogenetic studies is discussed. The current systematic concept of Platypezidae is discussed, and new phylogenetic hypotheses are proposed.
Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Diptera–Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists.
Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera–Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging.
Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora
cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera.
For the Diptera–Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper.
Being faced with practical problems in pest identification, we present a methodical paper based on artificial neural networks to discriminate morphologically very similar species, Thrips sambuci Heeger, 1854 and Thrips fuscipennis Haliday, 1836 (Thysanoptera: Thripinae), as an applied case for more general use. The artificially intelligent system may be successfully applied as a credible, online, semiautomated identification tool that extracts hidden information from noisy data, even when the standard characters have much
overlap and the common morphological keys hint at the practical problem of high morphological plasticity. Statistical analysis of 17 characters, measured or determined for each Thrips fuscipennis and T. sambuci specimen (reared from larvae in our laboratories), including 15 quantitative morphometric variables, was performed to elucidate morphological plasticity, detect eventual outliers, and
visualize differences between the studied taxa. The computational strategy applied in this study includes a set of statistical tools (factor analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analysis) followed by the application of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network system, which models functions of almost arbitrary complexity. This complex approach has proven the existence of 2 separate species: T. fuscipennis and T. sambuci. All the specimens could be clearly distinguished with 2 distinct subgroups for each species, determined by sex. In conclusion, the use of an optimal 3-layer ANN architecture (17, 4, 1) enables fast and reliable 100% classification as proven during the extensive verification process.
The tachinid fly Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) is a polyphagous larval endoparasitoid that deposits its eggs on the host exoskeleton of lepidopteran and tenthredinid larvae. The attachment of larval E. larvarum and the formation of the respiratory funnel were studied during infestation in the last larval instar of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The tachinid larvae burrow through the host integument after hatching, using their robust cephalopharyngeal skeleton, leaving a dark spot at the point of their penetration as a result of host cuticle melanization. Endoparasitoid penetration induces the host cellular defence, resulting in the formation of a haemocyte capsule consisting of multi-cellular sheaths. This enveloping capsule later undergoes melanization, which is mostly obvious towards the posterior part of the endoparasitoid. The endoparasitoid uses the host encapsulation response to build a respiratory funnel from the modified host integument, leading to the host surface. The encapsulated larva remains attached to the respiratory funnel via an anal hook and cuticular spines until fully developed. Additional immunohistochemical analyses were used to study host-parasitoid interactions. Indirect immunofluorescence showed no labelling of potential tachinid antigens and confirmed no effect on the surrounding host tissues. A simulated parasitization with coated polybead microspheres revealed the mortal impact of tachinid antigens to the host. Hosts injected with antigen-coated polybeads died as a consequence of an acute and extensive immunological response to the tachinid antigens and not due to the trauma caused by foreign objects inside their body.
Citations (26)
... Platypezidae, commonly known as flat-footed flies, includes 264 described species in 19 genera worldwide (Tko c et al. 2017;Han and Yang 2017a;2017b;Chandler 2024) and is currently divided into three subfamilies: Callomyiinae, Melanderomyiinae, and Platypezinae (Tko c 2021). Adults inhabit mostly forested habitats and can usually be observed sitting or running rapidly on broad leaves while feeding on deposits on leaf surfaces (Tko c 2021). ...
... The specimens were deposited at the Entomology Laboratory in Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Tokat, Turkey. Kugler 1963), East Europe (Draber-Monko et al. 1991; Hubenov 1992; Tschorsnig et al. 2004), South Europe (Tschorsnig 1992; Tschorsnig et al. 2004), Central Europe (Roznosky and Vanhara 1993), North Europe (Belshaw 1993; Tschorsnig et al. 2004), West Europe (Tschorsnig et al. 2004). Subfamily: TachininaeHerting and Dely-Draskovits, 1993). ...
... It attaches itself to a free-living Lepidoptera larva passing by and bores into it (Belshaw, 1993). In Britain Linnaemya vulpina was recorded from Lycophotia porphyrea (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Ford, 1973;Ford, 1976;Ford & Shaw, 1991 (Belshaw, 1993;Ingram, 1981;Parchami-Araghi, 1994;Sertkaya & Bayram, 2005). ...
... Herting (1960) provided details on the biology of West Palaearctic species. Other detailed information on West Palaearctic hosts can be found in Tschorsnig and Herting (1994), Kara & Tschorsnig (2003), Vaňhara, Tschorsnig, Herting, Mückstein, &Michalková (2009), andCerretti andTschorsnig (2010). Recently, the most comprehensive catalogue about Palaearctic hosts was prepared by Tschorsnig (2017). ...
... Among Diptera, Tachinidae is a megadiverse family, representing one of the most diverse lineages of parasitoids (Stireman et al. 2019). Despite being a wellinvestigated family in Europe, some biological aspects, mostly concerning their host-association, are still poorly known (Mückstein et al. 2007). Most of the biological information available so far was recently resumed in the Preliminary Host Catalogue of Palaearctic Tachinidae (Tschorsnig 2017), making comparative studies easier to develop. ...
... The species resembles many other species of the genus Phaonia in nature, but a rather characteristic combination of features helps in its identification. The species is a southern species, but is known from Norway, Sweden and the St. Petersburg area of Russia in the vicinity of Finland (Gregor et al. 2002, Hennig 1955-1964, Rognes 1986). In Sweden, there have been observations of the species from Småland and from Ångermanland at the latitude of Vaasa (SLU 2024d). ...
... The species was only recently separated from L. dorsalis and their larvae can develop together with those of L. dorsalis in the same fruiting body of an Agaricus sp. (Chandler 2001, Tkoč andVaňhara 2008). Occasionally, the species can be caught on sporocarps of other fungi, e.g. ...
... According to Rader et al. (2020), butterflies and moths are known to visit approximately 54% of the world's food crops. Hoverflies, specifically those belonging to the Syrphidae family, have been reported to visit at least 72% of these crops (Doyle et al. 2020;Pape et al. 2015;Rader et al. 2020). Other studies also support the significant presence of hoverflies in crop pollination (Miličić, Vujić, and Cardoso 2018;Stanley, Gunning, and Stout 2013). ...
... The present research on Vráž nr. Písek yielded somewhat lower number of species than comprehensive research on Bílina and Duchcov environs (189 species -Tschorsnig & Barták 2001) and also than on Pálava (211 species -Vaňhara 1999) and much less species than complex research of Podyjí NP (227 species - Tschorsnig et al. 2005). However, considering very small (less than 1 km 2 ) and relatively uniform area, it is surprisingly high number of species revealing very high local alpha diversity of this family in suitable habitats. ...