James Jaccard's research while affiliated with Institute for Clinical Social Work and other places
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Publications (311)
Extending a recent parent-mediation efficacy trial, we identified parent reinforcement and relationship behaviors as setting boundary conditions, or moderators, of youths’ anxiety outcome in 254 youths and their parents, who were randomized to (a) cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with parent reinforcement-behavior training (CBT + Reinf), (b) CB...
Young adults from minoritized racial and ethnic groups have lower rates of engagement in treatment for serious mental illnesses (SMI). Previous research suggests a relationship between ethnic identity development and engagement in mental health services, but it remains unclear how a sense of belonging and attachment to one’s racial and ethnic group...
Disparities in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been observed among military service members (SMs) and spouses (SPs) compared to their civilian peers, but exposure to military stressors does not adequately explain observed differences. Using a stress process framework, this study considered the associations between early and recent militar...
Background:
Despite growing recognition of the importance of fathers in child abuse risk, the field of perinatal home visitation has only begun to consider fathers' roles in the implementation of such services.
Objectives:
This study examines the effectiveness of Dads Matter-HV ("DM-HV"), a father-inclusion enhancement to home visitation, and hy...
Background: Despite growing recognition of the importance of fathers in child abuse risk, the field of perinatal home visitation has only begun to consider fathers' roles in the implementation of such services.
Objective:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for hoarding disorder (HD), though results are modest. HD patients show an increase in activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) when making decisions. The aim of this study is to determine whether CBT's benefits follow improvements in dACC dysfunction or abnormalities prev...
Importance:
Studies linking the quality of parent-adolescent relationships with young adult health outcomes could inform investments to support these complex relationships.
Objective:
To evaluate whether consistently measured, modifiable characteristics of parent-adolescent relationships are associated with young adult health across multiple dom...
Transition-age youth with mental health conditions from low socio-economic backgrounds often drop out of mental health services and, as such, do not receive therapeutic doses of treatment. Cornerstone is an innovative team-based, multi-component intervention designed to address the clinical needs of this understudied population through coordination...
Objective: To understand the benefits of an intensive 6-months-long training program (with or without assistance of an embedded care manager) on primary care providers’ (PCPs’) adoption of evidence-based practices for diagnosing and managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Following an intensive weekend training in primary...
Objective
Serious mental illnesses (SMI) commonly emerge during young adulthood. Effective treatments for this population exist; however, engagement in treatment is a persistent challenge. This study examines the impact of Just Do You (JDY), an innovative intake-focused intervention designed to improve engagement in treatment and enhance personal r...
Engaging fathers early in child and family services has the potential to promote positive father contributions towards positive child development, improve family well-being, and enhance service outcomes over time. However, low father engagement in child and family services remains a persistent problem, and few interventions designed to improve fath...
Background
Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) encompasses several common, costly, diagnoses including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome that are poorly understood and inadequately treated with conventional medical therapies. Behavioral strategies, recommended as a first-line...
Although youth anxiety treatment research has focused largely on severe and impairing anxiety levels, even milder anxiety levels including levels that do not meet full criteria for a diagnosis can be impairing and cause for concern. There is need to develop and test viable treatments for these concerning anxiety levels to improve functioning and re...
Background
Child maltreatment recidivism substantially increases the likelihood of adverse life outcomes, but there is little evidence that family preservation services are effective at reducing recidivism. Mothers in child welfare have very high rates of trauma exposure; maternal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an intervention target that...
Objective:
Although implementation science has taken hold in many areas of psychiatric services research, a need remains for developing effective, low-cost interventions for specific subpopulations with mental health conditions. The experimental therapeutics approach has gained momentum as a framework for developing effective interventions. Howeve...
Background
We leveraged a recent efficacy trial to investigate directionality between parent anxiety and child anxiety at posttreatment and 12-month follow-up, and the potential role of parent psychological control as a mediator. We also explored child age and sex as moderators.
Method
Two-hundred and fifty-four children were randomized to individ...
Background:
Medical gender affirmation (i.e., hormone use) is one-way transgender (trans) people affirm their gender and has been associated with health benefits. However, trans people face stigmatization when accessing gender-affirming healthcare, which leads some to use non-prescribed hormones (NPHs) that increase their risk for poor health.
Pu...
Objective: This study sought to characterize change mechanisms that underlie gastrointestinal (GI) symptom improvement in IBS patients undergoing two dosages of CBT for IBS as compared to a nondirective education/support (EDU) condition. Method: Data were collected in the context of a large clinical trial that randomized 436 Rome III-diagnosed IBS...
We conducted a dismantling design treatment study comparing individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), CBT targeting parents’ reinforcement skills (CBT + Reinf), and CBT targeting parents’ relationship skills (CBT+ Relat) in 341 youths with primary anxiety diagnoses. At posttreatment, youths in CBT with parent involvement had lower anxiety than...
Purpose
The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of a new young adult–centered metaintervention to improve treatment engagement among those with serious mental illness.
Methods
Young adults, clinic staff, and policy makers provided feedback on the intervention, which is a two-module engagement program provided by a clini...
Objective: This study sought to characterize change mechanisms that underlie gastrointestinal (GI) symptom improvement in IBS patients undergoing two dosages of CBT for IBS as compared to a nondirective education/support (EDU) condition. Method: Data were collected in the context of a large clinical trial that randomized 436 Rome III-diagnosed IBS...
Monte Carlo simulations are widely used in the social sciences to explore the viability of analytic methods in the face of assumption violations. Simulation results, however, may not be applicable to substantive research applications because they often are conducted under idealized rather than realistic conditions. Shortcomings of simulation design...
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, often disabling gastrointestinal (GI) disorder for which there is no satisfactory medical treatment but is responsive to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).
Purpose
To evaluate the costs and cost-effectiveness of a minimal contact version of CBT (MC-CBT) condition for N = 145 for IBS relative to...
Aims:
The primary purpose of this study is to understand how community violence exposure is associated with both common and unique variance characterizing posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms among young adults living in a low-resourced setting.
Methods:
Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were recruited from p...
Background:
Young adults have elevated rates of mental health disorders, yet they often do not receive consistent care. The challenge of continuing to engage young adults has been pervasive worldwide. Few engagement interventions have been designed for young adults with serious mental illness. Just Do You is a theoretically guided engagement inter...
Background:
Gender differences in alcohol use are more substantial among early adolescents in China than in the United States, presumably because of more permissive drinking norms for boys than girls in Chinese culture. This study tested a theory that gender differences in early experimentation with alcohol can be reduced through general parenting...
Importance
Adolescent well care visits provide opportunities for clinicians to facilitate parent-adolescent communication (PAC) to reduce pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and alcohol-related harm among adolescents.
Objective
To test the effect of brief parent-targeted interventions delivered in primary care settings on PAC about sexual...
Objective:
Treatment specificity and long-term recovery mediation of peer-involvement group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) and parent-involvement CBT (PCBT) were investigated for youth anxiety disorders.
Method:
240 youths with primary anxiety diagnoses participated in a randomized controlled efficacy trial. Youth anxiety and peer variables...
Objective:
Hoarding disorder (HD) is a common and potentially debilitating psychiatric disorder. Thus far, psychological treatments have yielded modest effects and/or were time-consuming and costly to deliver. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of a brief group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with HD and to test hy...
Objective
Randomized clinical trials of augmentation strategies for youth with treatment-resistant anxiety disorders do not exist. This report presents findings from an efficacy trial of attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) as an augment for this population compared with attention control training (ACT).
Method
Sixty-four youths (34 boys;...
We describe randomized explanatory trials (RETs), a framework for evaluating interventions to prevent adolescent problem behaviors. The approach maps intervention components onto hypothesized mediators of program effects and then uses structural equation modeling to evaluate whether the program changed those mediators and if assumptions of mediator...
Background:
There is a need for safe and effective IBS treatments that provide immediate and sustained improvement of IBS symptoms, particularly among more severe patients. The aim was to assess long-term clinical response of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with reference to IBS education.
Methods:
A total of 436 Rome III-diagnosed IBS patien...
Background & aims:
Among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it would be helpful to identify those most likely to respond to specific treatments, yet few factors have been identified that reliably predict positive outcome. We sought to identify pretreatment baseline characteristics that associate with gastrointestinal symptom improvement...
Background:
The effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use are unclear, including what factors moderate intervention effects. This study examines the effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use and whether the treatment effects vary by participants' characteristics and intervention characteristics.
Methods...
Purpose: To describe a framework, coined here as randomized explanatory trials (RETs), for program evaluation as applied to interventions to prevent adolescent problem behaviors. RETs are grounded in randomized trial design but synthesize key theoretical, methodological, and analytic issues into a new evaluation framework. The approach maps program...
Background & aims:
There is an urgent need for safe treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that relieve treatment-refractory symptoms and their societal and economic burden. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment that has not been broadly adopted into routine clinical practice. We performed a randomized controlled trial...
Research on mental health service engagement has been dominated by attempts to identify determinants of engagement. Such knowledge is important but incomplete. Once identified, program designers need to use evidence-based principles to design programs to bring about changes in the empirically identified determinants. Research is relatively silent o...
Background: Gender differences in alcohol use are more substantial among early adolescents in China than in the United States, presumably because of more permissive drinking norms for boys than girls in Chinese culture. Objectives: This research tests a theory that gender differences in early experimentation with alcohol can be negated or reduced t...
Abstract: Background: The effects of parent-based interventions on
adolescent alcohol use are unclear, including what factors moderate
intervention effects. This study examines the effects of parent-based
interventions on adolescent alcohol use and whether the treatment effects
vary by participants' characteristics and intervention characteristics....
Pediatric primary care providers (PPCPs) are increasingly expected to know how to assess, diagnose, and treat a wide range of mental health problems in children and adolescents. For many PPCPs, this means learning and performing new practice behaviors that were not taught in their residency training. Typical continuing education approaches to engag...
Working-class educational paths tend to be associated with elevated drinking. Little research has examined whether disproportionate alcohol use among vocationally oriented youth begins before or after the start of their vocational education. The present study analyzes a large sample of Russian middle-school students (N = 1269; mean age = 14.9), com...
Little research has connected underage drinking with adolescent information management strategies. The present study uses longitudinal analyses to theoretically link adolescent lying with parental “monitoring knowledge,” and, in turn, with prospective adolescent drinking, in a large nationally representative sample of U.S. seventh- and eighth-grade...
A qualitative study was conducted at a public hospital in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, to better understand sources of lack of patient adherence to medical protocols for treating Type 2 Diabetes in indigenous women. The sources included contextual, cultural, and psychological factors. Interviews were conducted with twenty-nine women and five physicia...
Given the size of the Hispanic bilingual market in the United States, it is important to understand the relative effectiveness of using English versus Spanish when advertising to these consumers. This research proposes that Hispanic bilinguals' cultural stereotypes about the users of Spanish living in America are a potent determinant of which langu...
Objective
: The present study aimed to (a) identify what mental health profiles exist among emerging adults with a history of childhood contact with Child Protective Services (CPS), and (b) examine whether the level of young-adult functioning varies across the profiles.
Method
: Latent profile analysis was conducted with a nationally representativ...
Background
Transition-age youth have elevated rates of mental disorders, and they often do not receive services. This is a serious public health concern, as mental health conditions persist into adulthood. Continuing to engage this population has been a pervasive challenge for the mental health care system worldwide. Few mental health interventions...
Examining the sources of health communication that young adults with mental health challenges
receive regarding service use is critical to curbing the societal concern of unmet mental health
needs of this population. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 59 young adults, all of
whom were diagnosed with a mood disorder and used public mental...
The distinction between behavior and outcomes is important when using behavioral decision theory for program design. A behavior is an action that someone performs, usually in a given setting at a given point in time. By contrast, an outcome is an end state that often (but not always) results from the performance of behaviors. Engaging in unprotecte...
This article draws insights from several disciplines to propose an integrated perspective on mechanisms underlying narrative persuasion. One approach to narratives emphasizes a deictic shift into the narrative, resulting in an absorbed state of processing and a loss of one’s sense of self (e.g., transportation, narrative engagement, identification)...
Suicide is among leading causes of death for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. While symptoms of depression are consistently supported factors involved in suicidal ideation, findings on the role of positive symptoms of psychosis have been mixed with limited understandings of risk. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the pathways of influen...
Objective: This project considered how inattention to left-out variable error and measurement correspondence in the assessment of explicit measures can result in upwardly biased estimates of the predictive utility of implicit measures designed to predict health behaviors.
Method: A pilot study (n = 96) used a cross-sectional design to predict beer...
Purpose:
Patient-centered health care recognizes that adolescents and parents are stakeholders in adolescent health. We investigate adolescent and parent interest in receiving information about health topics and parent-teen communication from clinicians.
Methods:
Ninety-one parent-adolescent dyads in one practice completed individual interviews....
Purpose: Suicide is increasingly considered a crisis in countries throughout the world with rates of adolescent suicide on the rise in many regions of the world. The present study examined gender and age differences in suicide ideation as a function of depression and anxiety in youth from 21 different countries. The study also explored how family a...
Purpose:Behavioral health conditions cause the greatest burden of disability among young adults. Yet, we know young adults often do not seek professional help. Research has long examined utilization as a single behavioral option focused on evaluation of seeking professional help without taking into account the full ‘set of behavioral options’ (i.e....
Background:
In old age, both apathy and depression have been associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study evaluated the mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors in the relationship of apathy and mood symptoms with incident CVD.
Methods:
Prospective cohort study of 1,790 community-dwelling older individuals (70-...
A significant number of sexually active youth experience poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.1 Nearly half (47%) of all high school students in the United States have ever had sex and more than one-third (34%) are sexually active.1 E...
This chapter describes the design of parent-based interventions to prevent adolescent problem behaviors based on theories that are rooted in adolescent self regulation. It integrates traditional attitude theories of social behavior with theories of split second decision making that rely on models of memory, including sensory memory, short term memo...
The current study presents an approach for empirically identifying tailoring variables at midtreatment of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols for youth with anxiety disorders that can be used to guide moves to second-stage treatments. Using 2 independent data sets (Study 1 N = 240, M age = 9.86 years; Study 2 N = 341; M age = 9.53 years),...
Greenwald, Banaji, and Nosek (2015) present a reanalysis of the meta-analysis by Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, and Tetlock (2013) that examined the effect sizes of Implicit Association Tests (IATs) designed to predict racial and ethnic discrimination. We discuss points of agreement and disagreement with respect to methods used to synthesize t...
The modal distribution of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is commonly interpreted as showing high
levels of implicit prejudice among Americans. These interpretations have fueled calls for changes in
organizational and legal practices, but such applications are problematic because the IAT is scored on an
arbitrary psychological metric. The prese...
The modal distribution of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is commonly interpreted as showing high levels of implicit prejudice among Americans. These interpretations have fueled calls for changes in
organizational and legal practices, but such applications are problematic because the IAT is scored on an arbitrary psychological metric. The prese...
The modal distribution of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is commonly interpreted as showing high levels of implicit prejudice among Americans. These interpretations have fueled calls for changes in organizational and legal practices, but such applications are problematic because the IAT is scored on an arbitrary psychological metric. The prese...
Greenwald, Banaji and Nosek (2015) present a reanalysis of the meta-analysis by Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard and Tetlock (2013) that examined the effect sizes of Implicit Association Tests designed to predict racial and ethnic discrimination. We discuss points of agreement and disagreement with respect to methods used to synthesize the IAT st...
Obtaining accurate information about gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is critical to achieving the goals of clinical research and practice. The accuracy of patient data is especially important for functional GI disorders (e.g., IBS) whose symptoms lack a biomarker and index illness severity and treatment response. Retrospective patient-reported data...
Young people are increasingly utilizing mobile and internet technology to seek sexual and reproductive health information. It is essential to better understand how that technology can be used to meet their needs in accessing information and care. In order to capitalize on the ubiquity of technology in young people’s lives, Planned Parenthood develo...
Psychometricians strive to eliminate random error from their psychological inventories. When random error affecting tests is diminished, tests more accurately characterize people on the psychological dimension of interest. We document an unusual property of the scoring algorithm for a measure used to assess a wide range of psychological states. The...
Young adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHCs) often do not engage continuously with mental health services, and there are few engagement interventions designed for them. This qualitative study presents a blueprint for conceptualizing and developing an engagement intervention designed for young adults with SMHCs. The blueprint includes...
This study examined the effects of a two-year maintenance treatment assessed at 1 and 2 years following Parent-child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Sixty-one of 100 clinic-referred children (M age = 4 years, 4 months) originally diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) completed the standard treatment and were then randomized to PCIT mainten...
This article reports a meta-analysis of studies examining the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit measures of bias for a wide range of criterion measures of discrimination. The meta-analysis estimates the heterogeneity of effects within and across 2 domains of intergroup bias (interracial and interethnic), 6 crit...
Background: Patient reported outcomes (PRO) assessing multiple GI symptoms are central
to characterizing the therapeutic benefit of novel agents for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Common approaches that sum or average responses across different illness components
must be unidimensional and have small unique as opposed to common variance to avoid
a...
This study uses a social capital and collective socialization lens to examine nonacademic factors in middle school that predict students’ failure to complete high school, and focuses on youth who engage in adolescent problem behaviors of smoking cigarettes, sexual intercourse, delinquency, marijuana use, and alcohol use. Our area of interest was th...
Research on contraceptive counseling of adolescents in clinics and service delivery settings is considered. The provider context as well as the developmental context of adolescence is characterized and their implications for contraceptive counseling are explicated. After reviewing research on the effectiveness of contraceptive counseling, it was co...
Research today demands the application of sophisticated and powerful research tools. Fulfilling this need, this two-volume text provides the tool box to deliver the valid and generalizable answers to today's complex research questions. The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology aims to be a source for learning and reviewing current b...
Background:
Tourism areas represent ecologies of heightened HIV vulnerability characterized by a disproportionate concentration of alcohol venues. Limited research has explored how alcohol venues facilitate HIV transmission.
Methods:
We spatially mapped locations of alcohol venues in a Dominican tourism town and conducted a venue-based survey of...
Patient-reported outcomes assessing multiple gastrointestinal symptoms are central to characterizing the therapeutic benefit of novel agents for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Common approaches that sum or average responses across different illness components must be unidimensional and have small unique variances to avoid aggregation bias and misi...