Jamaluddin Jompa’s research while affiliated with Hasanuddin University and other places

Seaweed farming comprises over half of global coastal and marine aquaculture production by mass; however, the future of the industry is increasingly threatened by disease outbreaks. Nature-based solutions provided by enhancing functions of coinciding species or ecosystems offer an opportunity to increase yields by reducing disease outbreaks while conserving biodiversity. Seagrass ecosystems can reduce the abundance of marine bacterial pathogens, although it remains unknown whether this service can extend to reducing disease risk in a marine resource. Using a meta-analysis of articles published over the past 40 y, we find that 17 known diseases of seaweeds are attributed to bacteria that have been previously shown to be lower when associated with seagrass ecosystems. Next, we surveyed over 8,000 individual seaweeds among farms in Indonesia and found that disease risk is reduced by 75% when seaweeds are co-cultivated directly within seagrass ecosystems, compared to when seagrass ecosystems were removed. Finally, we estimate that farming seaweed with seagrass ecosystems could increase annual revenue by $292,470 –$1,015,990 USD per km ² from yield loss due to disease reduction and that ~20.7 million km ² in 107 countries and 34 territories have suitable environmental conditions for farming seaweeds with seagrass ecosystems. These results highlight the global utility for nature-based solutions as an ecologically and economically sustainable management strategy.

Coral reef ecosystems are best suited to live in clear water conditions and oligotrophic trophic status, but marginal waters with high trophic levels in Bone Bay also have coral reef ecosystems living in them. This study was conducted in August 2023 with the aim of determining the percentage of live coral cover and its condition at different trophic status in marginal waters. Based on the processing of water quality data at 16 observation stations using the TRIX Index, four categories of water trophic status were identified, namely very high (hypertrophic), high (eutrophic), medium (mesotrophic), and low (oligotrophic) categories. Water conditions in areas close to the coastline have a higher trophic status compared to distant areas. The percentage of hard coral cover in eutrophic waters is 59.08%, in mesotrophic waters 63.63% and oligotrophic waters 43.15%. Based on PCA analysis, environmental conditions that correlate with hard corals are temperature, chlorophyll-a, TSS, pH, phosphate, nitrate and turbidity. It is anticipated that the results of this study can be a consideration for coastal area managers to protect coral reefs in marginal waters as the world's future reef area.

Compact bushy and expansive branching Acropora survival rates were compared in an experimental restoration setting. Coral fragments were sourced as corals of opportunity (CoPs) or refragmented from CoPs reared on a floating mid‐water rope nursery. Fragments were attached in single‐species and mixed‐species aggregations to modular substrate stabilization structures (reef stars) on degraded, unconsolidated dead coral rubble slopes in Wakatobi Marine National Park, central Indonesia. In total, 1440 Acropora fragments were outplanted to 96 reef stars across five experimental restoration blocks at 14 m depth. Fragment survival was recorded 40–44 months post‐attachment. Survival had a significant relationship with fragment morphology ( p < 0.001) and aggregation type ( p < 0.01). Sourcing fragments as CoPs or from the nursery did not have a significant relationship with survival. No significant relationships were found with fragment survival for any interactions between morphology, outplanted aggregation, and source. Survival rates for bushy Acropora were 3.44 times and 5.25 times higher than for expansive species for direct CoP outplants and nursery‐reared corals, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential efficacy of returning complex bushy branching Acropora morphologies to mid‐depth reef slopes previously dominated by the genus, using single‐species aggregations interspersed with mixed‐species aggregations. The study also supports using mid‐water nurseries to create a closed or semi‐closed nursery cycle to scale up restoration, and proposes introducing the term “biomass production system” to distinguish this as a process distinct from other coral nursery approaches.

Parenden D, Rani C, Jompa J, Renema W, Tuhumena JR. 2024. Growth rate and survival of hard coral Acropora sp. in turbid waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3208-3216. Coral reef recovery is often done by utilizing coral reproduction or coral transplantation. The aim of this study was to observe the rate of coral growth, coral survival in turbid waters, and its relationship to environmental parameters. The method used is spider webs with coral fragments. The results of hard coral restoration research of the genus Acropora in turbid waters using web spider transplantation media showed that the growth rate of Acropora donei Veron & Wallace, 1984 and Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) in length was faster than in width. In contrast, Acropora muricate Linnaeus, 1758 corals grew in height and width equally. The observation from the three research stations revealed the growth rate is better at station three than at other stations. Coral survival of A. donei ranged from 69-86%, A. muricata ranged from 71-77%, and A. millepora ranged from 75-83%. Environmental parameters that characterize station 1 are high nitrate and phosphate, and station 2 is temperature, power of hydrogen (pH), low salinity, and high total dissolved solid. Station 3 was characterized by low chlorophyll, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen parameters. The biplot graph revealed that it is suspected that turbidity and total suspended solid are parameters that characterize the three research stations. Based on the regression analysis results, it can be seen that the water turbidity parameter does not significantly affect coral growth with p>0.05.

Premiers barcodes ADN de deux poissons endémi-ques de la région karstique de Maros, Sulawesi du Sud, Indoné-sie sulawesi est la plus grande île du hotspot de biodiversité de Wallacea. Cependant, les données sur l'ichtyofaune de cette île sont incomplètes, et plusieurs espèces connues n'ont pas de bar-code Adn de référence dans les bases de données publiques ; ceux-ci sont nécessaires, entre autres, pour permettre la détection non-invasive utilisant l'Adn environnemental. pour contribuer à remédier à ce manque, des spécimens de deux espèces endémiques dans le sulawesi du sud ont été collectés dans la région karstique de Maros en mars 2023 : Dermogenys orientalis et Lagusia micracan-thus. Les nageoires pectorales droites ont été conservées dans de l'éthanol à 96% pour le barcoding de l'Adn avant la conservation de trois spécimens de référence de chaque espèce à l'Université Hasanuddin. L'extraction d'Adn et la pCR (marqueur génétique mitochondrial COI) ont été suivies du séquençage sanger. L'ana-lyse des données a été réalisée dans MegA 11. Ces premiers codes-barres ont été déposés dans le genbank:accessions Dermogenys orientalis oR829330-oR829332 et accessions Lagusia micracan-thus oR829336-oR829336. des arbres phylogénétiques ont été construits avec des séquences homologues obtenues via la routine bLAsTn du nCbi genbank.

Coastal waters are currently receiving anthropogenic impacts from the mainland that caused the natural conditions to change to higher nutrient content. This study was conducted to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of trophic status and how zone location and rainfall category affect the distribution of trophic status. Water quality data were collected for 6 months with different rainfall intensities at 16 observation stations. Trophic status was determined using the TRIX index which combines biological, physical, and chemical water variables. Rainfall had no significant effect on the TRIX index with a p-value of 0.223 (> 0.05), but the distance from the land had a significant effect with a p-value of (< 2e-16). In coastal waters in the 1st zone, the average TRIX value was 5.93 ± 0.23 (high trophic status/eutrophy that tends to be very high/hypertrophy), in the 2nd zone was 5.49 ± 0.21 (high trophic status/moderate trophy), in the 3rd zone was 5.23 ± 0.25 (high trophic status/eutrophy that is slightly low) and in the 4th zone was 4.47 ± 0.47 (moderate trophic status/mesotrophy). Based on PCA analysis and correlation for water quality data, Index TRIX had a strong positive correlation with phosphate (0.92), TSS (0.91), chlorophyll-a (0.089), temperature (0.88), nitrate (0.83), and moderate positive correlation with turbidity (0.68). In addition, the TRIX index had a strong negative correlation with salinity (-0.85), a moderate negative correlation with TDS (-0.77) and DO (-0.62), and a weak correlation with pH (-0.09). There has been eutrophication in coastal areas, especially in the near shoreline zone and tends to decrease at more distant locations. It is necessary to manage anthropogenic waste based on quality standards to ensure that coastal waters are healthy and support sustainable ecosystems

Previous ecological studies show higher sponge diversity in the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, compared to the World Porifera Database. This study aims to provide an updated checklist of sponges of the Spermonde Archipelago, focusing particularly on the littoral area. Systematic sampling was executed through several observations, with roving techniques, e.g., snorkeling and SCUBA diving. In situ photographs of living sponges were taken using an underwater digital camera. Some specimens were collected and stored at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Fragments of samples were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 27 sponges (Calcarea and Demospongiae) were catalogued from the littoral area of the Spermonde Archipelago. Some of these are new records for the Sulawesi Sea/Makassar Strait marine ecoregion, including four potentially novel taxa. Preliminary morphological descriptions of all examined samples are presented. This study highlights the sponge assemblage flourishing in a shallow area characterized by a paucity of live corals and a predominant environment by macroalgae, rocks, and rubble.

Commitment is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual knows and is attached to his organization. This research aims to analyze the commitment of each stakeholder in an effort to reduce the use of plastic bottle waste in coastal areas which is used as a float for seaweed. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of the research explain that the Nunukan district government is always trying to provide outreach to the community regarding the use of plastic bottle waste which has an impact on the environment. In this case on Affective Commitment It was explained that the Nunukan district government always innovates and supports the community and the private sector in developing innovations related to environmentally friendly or HDPE buoys. The government is currently committed to distributing 400,000 buoys to seaweed farmers by 2024, this will of course also have an impact on the situation. social and economic aspects of coastal communities. Furthermore Continuances Commitment It was explained that not only related to reducing the rate of plastic waste, the government and other stakeholders such as the Nunukan district CSR forum also always make efforts to provide assistance to the community through assistance with drilling wells and assistance related to the use of plastic bottles to be used as environmentally friendly floats. Then Normative Commitment shows that the government is working together with stakeholders in developing environmentally friendly buoy innovations to reduce the rate of use of used plastic bottles.

The Banggai MPA is one of many Indonesian MPAs established or reestablished as a result of the shift from regency to provincial level governance over waters 0–4 NM from shore under Act 23/2014. The MPA covers a substantial proportion of Banggai Archipelago coastal ecosystems and around 90% of endangered Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) endemic habitat. An expedition in 1998 reported high fish biodiversity; however, logistics and taxonomic expertise requirements mean that similar methods are not realistic for collecting baseline or monitoring biodiversity data to support MPA management. A pilot project in 2018 collected water samples (four shallow-water coastal sites, three replicates per site) around Banggai Island for environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding using two molecular markers: COI mtDNA and 12S rRNA. COI data were overwhelmingly dominated by a few phytoplankton species, reflecting challenges using this marker in areas with dense phytoplankton, and could not be analyzed further. The 12S rRNA sequences were processed and aggregated into amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) using the Anacapa Toolkit. These data provide a snapshot of fish diversity by site, although accumulation curves indicate three samples per site is insufficient to provide a comprehensive record. Identified taxa overlapped and exceeded in number those detected in 1998. The percentage of ASVs unassigned at species and genus level (e.g., gobies and cardinalfishes) and taxonomic ambiguities indicate a need for combined classical taxonomic and barcoding studies to enhance nucleotide databases (GenBank/BOLD), ideally with regional voucher specimen repositories. Furthermore, the study revealed the need for further capacity building in metabarcoding data analysis.