Jaewon Yoon’s research while affiliated with Harvard Medical School and other places

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Publications (5)


People overestimate the self-presentation costs of deadline extension requests
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2022

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136 Reads

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4 Citations

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Ashley V. Whillans

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Jaewon Yoon

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Across five studies (N = 4151), we investigate a novel barrier that prevents people from making personally beneficial requests: the overestimation of self-presentation costs. Even when deadlines are easily adjustable, people are less likely to request an extension and submit lower quality work when perceived self-presentation costs are higher—such as when the request is visible to a supervisor (Study 1a). Specifically, people are less likely to request an extension when they are concerned with appearing incompetent (Study 2). Yet, other people do not negatively respond to deadline extension requests (Study 1b). Attesting to the importance of self-presentation concerns in shaping extension request behaviors, formal policies that reduce self-presentation concerns increase requests in both online (Study 3) and in-person (Study 4) settings. These findings highlight a novel psychological barrier that prevents people from requesting resources that could increase their performance and more effectively manage their deadlines.

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Fig. 1. The effect of gender on time stress and burnout via comfort with requesting extensions (study 1).  
Fig. 2. The effect of gender on willingness to request an extension through impression cost and relational orientation (study 2a).  
Sample characteristics by study
Supervisor's attribution to male vs. female employee's extension request (study 3)
Extension request avoidance predicts greater time stress among women

November 2021

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67 Reads

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10 Citations

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Significance Time stress—the feeling of having too many things to do and not enough time to do them—is a societal epidemic that compromises productivity, physical health, and emotional well-being. Past research shows that women experience disproportionately greater time stress than men and has illuminated a variety of contributing factors. Across nine studies, we identify a previously unexplored predictor of this gender difference. Women avoid asking for more time to complete work tasks, even when deadlines are explicitly adjustable, undermining their well-being and task performance. We shed light on a possible solution: the implementation of formal policies to facilitate deadline extension requests. These findings advance our understanding of the gendered experience of time stress and provide a scalable organizational intervention.




Citations (4)


... Instead, students reported that earning a bonus point for meeting a deadline, an automatic short-term extension, or a long-term extension would be the most helpful. They also reported that it would be helpful to have extensions available, even if they have to ask for them, though, as Levitin (2019) and Whillans et al. (2022) have noted, not all students feel comfortable asking for an extension, so including these flexible deadlines also supports equity in the classroom (CAST, 2024). Although students report a preference for not imposing a penalty for late assignments, Korpusik et al. (2022) reported that students demonstrated the worst performance (i.e., grades) when it was available for a lab assignment, so future research should examine this possible downside of flexible deadlines in college students. ...

Reference:

Student Perceptions of Flexible Deadlines
People overestimate the self-presentation costs of deadline extension requests

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

... In contrast, as the main people responsible for their children's education (Cui et al., 2019), Chinese mothers must not only account for their child's current needs but also plan far ahead. Therefore, sensitive mothers (Whillans et al., 2021) keenly capture their children's strong need for autonomy and independence and appropriately decrease their homework involvement. At the same time, as the amount of homework increases at this stage (Hong et al., 2009), Chinese mothers, who are deeply influenced by the philosophy of guan (i.e., "to love" and "to govern") (Ng & Wei, 2020) and their worth based on children's academic performance (i.e., my child is my report card) (Ng et al., 2014), inevitably see homework involvement as an important way to plan for far-reaching consequences in the child's academic development. ...

Extension request avoidance predicts greater time stress among women

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

... We also controlled for both leader team tenure (in months) because time supports the development of interpersonal relationships. Feedback can be received differently when it comes from familiar individuals (Blunden et al., 2019). The age of the feedback-giver can also influence the effectiveness of feedback, as age has been associated with differences in communication patterns (Wang, Burlacu, Truxillo, James, & Yao, 2015), so we controlled for leader age (seven-point scale ranging from "18-24" to "75 and older"). ...

The Giver's Perspective: Advancing Feedback Research with a New Focus
  • Citing Article
  • August 2019

Academy of Management Proceedings

... For example, team members tend to underestimate how much their teammates like them, which can lead these metaperceivers to misguidedly avoid asking those teammates for help [6]. Furthermore, workers think that asking for a deadline extension will make them seem incompetent in their supervisors' eyes [7]. What they fail to appreciate is that supervisors tend to see such requests as positive signals of motivation. ...

It Doesn’t Hurt to Ask: Employees Overestimate the Interpersonal Costs of Extension Requests

Academy of Management Proceedings