Jadranka Akalović’s research while affiliated with University of Zagreb and other places

... This type of leather has a longer lifespan compared to chrometanned leather, as it undergoes a gentle process that takes several weeks to complete. Products made from vegetable-tanned leather, such as shoes, become increasingly comfortable over time due to its breathable nature [13] Once the tanning process is complete, leather that has been subjected to vegetable tanning can either be left in its natural state or colored using various chemicals. Although vegetable-tanned leather can be dyed, it's important to note that the color of this type of leather may change slightly over time. ...

Reference:

ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA FASCICLE OF TEXTILES, LEATHERWORK DIVERSITY OF VEGETABLE-TANNED LEATHER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

... These data are in line with European statistics, according to which tanneries located in this part of the world mainly produce bovine leather, with a share of more than 80 % [2]. This is because this type of leather can be used to manufacture a wide variety of products [19]. ...

Reference:

Current state and production characteristics of the Polish tanning industry: A case study

... The parameters describing the physical and mechanical properties of leather include strength, elongation at break, elasticity, resistance to decay, resistance to hot and humid conditions, air permeability, thickness, and water permeability [9]. Physico-mechanical properties of leather obtained from various types of animal skins were performed in the laboratory of the institute according to the methodology of known standards, and the results are presented in Table 2. ...

Reference:

RETRACTED: Development of a transformation assortment based on ecological and health-safe leather research

... In the design of footwear, usually, aesthetics and comfort are the main important factors considered, and thermal characteristics are not commonly taken into account. Hence, limited studies can be found that have a focus on the thermal characteristics of the footwear and the foot thermal regulation in a shoe [1][2][3][4][5]. The majority of the studies about footwear heat transfer deal with keeping feet warm in cold conditions [1,4,[6][7][8][9]. ...

Reference:

An Analytical Model to Predict Foot Sole Temperature: Implications to Insole Design for Physical Activity in Sport and Exercise

... Designers must balance comfort with support to ensure optimal foot health and biomechanical efficiency. Therefore, designers must consider multiple factors such as material selection, design intricacies, and individual variations in gait patterns to create footwear that prioritizes comfort, functionality, and overall foot health [14]. Design parameters are an essential factor in footwear comfort and functionality. ...

Reference:

Enhancing Footwear Comfort: Preliminary Study On Material, Design, And GAIT Analysis