Jacob W. Getzels’s research while affiliated with University of Chicago and other places

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Publications (18)


Relations Between Identity in Young Adulthood and Intimacy at Midlife
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

November 1985

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30 Reads

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35 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Stephen Kahn

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Gary Zimmerman

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Jacob W. Getzels

A longitudinal study with 67 males and 75 females examined the relation between the development of ego identity by young adulthood and the establishment and maintenance of stable and enduring intimate interpersonal relationships by midlife. This relation was investigated further to discover how it might differ between men and women. As undergraduates, Ss completed measures of their demographic and psychometric characteristics, in addition to an identity scale, in 1963; in 1981, these Ss completed a follow-up questionnaire containing questions regarding their marital status (the measure of intimacy) and their personal, family, and professional life. The identity scale was initially cross-validated with other personality measures, such as the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), before being related to subsequent intimacy patterns. The achievement of ego identity was found to be important for the establishment (for men) and stability (for women) of marital relationships. Additional sex differences in happiness and spheres of life satisfaction were also found. These differences suggest differing developmental courses for young men and women as they establish themselves in the adult world. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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The Personality of Young Artists: An Empirical and Theoretical Exploration

March 1973

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127 Reads

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105 Citations

British Journal of Psychology

Despite venerable stereotypes and even some recent empirical observations regarding the personality of artists, the following questions remain unanswered in any objective way: (1) Do personality factors differentiate art students from other students of the same age and sex? (2) Is there a relationship between the personality of art students and the values they hold? (3) Are there differences in the personality factors of art students in the several fields of specialization, e.g. commercial art v. fine art? (4) Is there a relationship between the personality factors of art students and their performance in art school? (5) Finally, what is the relationship between the personality factors of successful young artists and eminent scientists, both groups presumably engaged in creative endeavour? The present investigation of a sample of 205 advanced art students applied Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionaire supplemented by the Allport–Vernon–Lindzey Study of Values in an attempt to answer these questions. The findings are placed in a tentative theoretical framework regarding the personality of artists and the expectations of their professional role.


Discovery-oriented behavior and the originality of creative products: A study with artists

July 1971

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297 Reads

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221 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Examined the significance of the "problem-formulation" stage of creative activity. 31 advanced art students were observed in a quasi-naturalistic setting of an art school while carrying out an assignment to produce a still-life drawing. Observations of "discovery-oriented" behavior were recorded for each S from the organization of the objects until drawing completion. The finished art work was independently evaluated by an expert panel on 3 dimensions: (a) overall value, (b) originality, and (c) craftsmanship. A positive relationship was found between discovery-oriented behavior at the problem-formulation stage and the originality, but not the craftsmanship, of the creative product. Results affirm the theoretical and empirical importance of the problem-formulation stage of the creative process and suggest a method for observing and analyzing behavior at this stage. (22 ref.)


Citations (13)


... In this optimal state, one experiences high concentration, low self-awareness, high perceived control over the activity, as well as enjoyment. Flow has been studied in diverse circumstances such as playing sports (Jackson, Ford, Kimiecik, & Marsh, 1998), video games (Harmat et al., 2015), musical instruments (de Manzano, Theorell, Harmat, & Ullén, 2010), as well as painting (Stebbins, Getzels, & Csikszentmihalyi, 1978), writing an essays (Perry, 2009), and driving (Russ, Wagner, Liesner, Küçükay, & Vink, 2016). ...

Reference:

The relationship between flow proneness in everyday life and variations in the volume of gray matter in the dopaminergic system: A cross-sectional study
The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art.
  • Citing Article
  • January 1978

Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews

... Perhaps this could be related to research(Alluisi et al., 1978) that showed that the relationship artists have with their mother seemed to play a big role in the future career of art students. ...

The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art
  • Citing Article
  • March 1978

The American Journal of Psychology

... Problems must be presented to the AI. This is an important point because problem finding plays a consequential role in the creative process (Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi 1976;Mumford, Reiter-Palmon, and Redmond 1994). Problem finding is actually an umbrella term and has been operationalized in various ways, including problem discovery, problem formulation, problem generation, problem construction, and problem identification (Abdulla and Cramond 2018;Runco 1994). ...

The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art
  • Citing Article
  • November 1978

Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism

... • Supervisory Encouragement plays a crucial role by providing clear goals, fostering open interactions, and supporting teamwork (Bailyn, 1985;Madjar et al., 2002;Tierney, 2008). They help define problems and set clear goals, which are essential for creative behaviour (Carmeli and Schaubroeck, 2007;Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi, 1979;Tierney and Farmer, 2004). Open interaction reduces the fear of negative criticism, maintaining the intrinsic motivation necessary for creativity (Amabile, 1979;Zhang and Bartol, 2010a;Zhou, 2003). ...

The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art
  • Citing Article
  • October 1979

The Journal of Aesthetic Education

... The flow concept was first proposed by Csikszentmihalyi [32] after many years of research into play activities, creativity, and artists' personality [36][37][38]. He [32] was interested to understand what makes daily human activities performed by different professionals (i.e., hockey and soccer players, spelunkers and explorers, mountain climbers, handball players, long-distance swimmers, surgeons, and chess players) inherently motivating and enjoyable. ...

The Study of Creativity in Future Artists: The Criterion Problem
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1966

... Redvall also used the notion that creativity has been described as a process of problemfinding and problem-solving. Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi emphasise problem-finding as a crucial part in the creative process in relation to making works of art (Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi 1976). Problem-finding is the divergent phase in the process, when judgement is largely deferred, and all creative paths are open for consideration. ...

The Creative Vision: A Longitudinal Study of Problem Finding in Art
  • Citing Article
  • October 1977

The Journal of Aesthetic Education

... Утверждение о том, что наркотики не расширяют сознание, подтверждается результатами наших интервью с людьми искусства в течение последних 25 лет (Getzels, Csikszentmihalyi, 1965Csikszentmihalyi, Getzels, Kahn, 1984). Хотя художники и склонны превозносить действие наркотиков, мне не доводилось встречать действительно великие произведения (или хотя бы такие, которые сам художник считал бы великими), созданные полностью под воздействием зелья. ...

CREATIVE THINKING IN ART STUDENTS, THE PROCESS OF DISCOVERY
  • Citing Article
  • January 1965

... Despite the fact that Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development have been highly influential in the understanding of human development, Erikson's theory has been criticized for taking as axiomatic a Western cultural context (Kahn, Zimmerman, Csikszentmihalyi, & Getzels, 1985). It is argued the tasks or dilemmas to be solved at each stage of life are oriented to Western society and non-Western cultures may demonstrate different developmental trajectories. ...

Relations Between Identity in Young Adulthood and Intimacy at Midlife

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology