J.L. Ribeiro’s scientific contributions

... Climate change are considered climate risks because they increase the probability of occurrence and the severity of potential damage due to the interaction between climate, human-induced hazards, and the vulnerability of systems (UNISDR 2009;APA 2021;Silva Lopes et al. 2023). In addition to the concept of risk, there is the component of vulnerability, which represents the spatial occurrence of hazardous processes over an indeterminate period and is assessed by predisposing factors for the occurrence of processes (Julião et al. 2009). In this sense, vulnerability comes to the fore as it indicates the propensity (i.e., the capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the impact) for a given system to be impacted (IPCC 2022). ...

Reference:

Urban Heat Island and Extreme Heat in Portuguese Cities of Tâmega and Sousa: A Comprehensive Study on Climate Change Impacts