J T Harmaala’s scientific contributions

... Accordingly the listener will need to hold and communicate empathic understanding, acceptance and, congruence (the three Rogers variables) (Rogers, 1951) at least to a certain degree in order that active listening can show beneficial effects. Having emphasized this, let us turn to the component techniques commonly used in active listening: paraphrasing (restating), verbalizing emotions, asking, summarizing, clarifying, encouraging, and balancing (Decker, 1989). Table 1 provides a brief overview over these techniques' use and purpose, and illustrates these with examples. ...

Reference:

Introducing 'Active Listening' to Instant Messaging and E-mail: Benefits and Limitations