J S Volek’s research while affiliated with University of Connecticut and other places

... Only a limited number of studies have examined EEG signals during traditional forms of resistance exercise involving significant muscle mass. The finding that different resistance training protocols involving squat movements provide unique maps of motor related cortical potential indicates the importance of the acute program variables (intensity and volume) to physical development in individuals (Comstock et al., 2011). During bench press movements while recording EEG signals over a single electrode, Engchuan et al. (2017) observed a significant increase in beta and gamma amplitudes as compared to baseline conditions. ...

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The potential of fNIRS, EEG, and transcranial current stimulation to probe neural mechanisms of resistance training

... Feeding increases GCs, and GREs are found within the promoter region of the Per genes (83), providing a mechanism by which peripheral oscillators can be entrained by these hormones (26). Because the timing of GC release is altered by feeding and exercise (144), these two behaviors can have substantial impact on the circadian system. Disruptions to peripheral clock timing are associated with obesity and metabolic disease (302) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) and timed exercise can coordinate the timing of peripheral organ rhythmicity and improve metabolic health (72, 152,557). ...

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Circadian Regulation of Hormonal Timing and the Pathophysiology of Circadian Dysregulation

... Three previous studies (Ho 2009;Pomerleau et al. 1987;Scerbo et al. 2010) have explored the role of cortisol with respect to exercise and cigarette cravings, among nonabstaining smokers (Ho 2009;Pomerleau et al. 1987), and after a 3-h abstinence period (Scerbo et al. 2010). One of these reported higher cortisol levels post-exercise compared with a passive control, but the differences in cortisol concentration were not associated with changes in cigarette cravings (Scerbo et al. 2010). ...

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Effects of exercise on the desire to smoke and physiological responses to temporary smoking abstinence: A crossover trial

... Subsequently, other investigators examined performance benefits from sub-chronic (2 weeks) betaine supplementation in RE. The results of these studies provide equivocal evidence, with some reporting improvements in strength and power [12,13], and others reporting no improvements in these performance parameters [8,14,15]. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that betaine may have a potential ergogenic effect in RE protocols with high metabolic stress [2]. ...

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Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

... These reservations relate to the usually conventional and fragmentary assumptions made by the authors, which prevents them from drawing informative conclusions about the many aspects of the effects of these substances on the human organism [9,13,24,37,41,50]. Particularly questionable are: short time (usually 6-9 days) of administration of the supplements, differences in the recommended doses and combination with other substances, recruitment of competitors doing sports other than strength sports, and lack of discussion of the obtained results in view of the training loads applied, which may undoubtedly affect the former. ...

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Changes in maximal strength and body composition after different methods of developing muscle strength and supplementation with creatine, L-carnitine and HMB

... Lack of physical activity throughout a male's life is a determinant for loss of muscular mass. When males perform no physical activity, muscular loss begins at an earlier age, increases with age, and has a functional impact in the older population (Anderson & Kearney, 1982;Bottaro, Machado, Nogueira, Scales, & Veloso, 2007;Marx et al., 1998;Ringsberg, Gerdhem, Johansson, & Obrant, 1999;Tsourlou, Benik, Dipla, Zafeiridis, & Kellis, 2006). The evaluation of muscular mass and its relationship to the muscular performance items (handgrip test, 4 MSTs, and chair test) showed that all parameters in the male groups were related to muscle volume, which supports the premise that physical activity increases muscular performance (speed and strength). ...

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Physical Activity Protects Men but Not Women for Sarcopenia Development

... Muscle architecture has been found to be highly associated with SSC performance in movements such as sprinting and jumping performance (2,15,25). Previous research has observed that competitive sprinters with .100-m running times possessed longer FL and lower PEN in their gastrocnemius (GAS) and VL muscles (25). ...

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Influence of Muscle--Tendon Unit Structure on Rate of Force Development During the Squat, Countermovement, and Drop Jumps

... While some of these provide advice on portion size and nutrient needs relative to metabolic demands (Duffey and Popkin, 2011;Fern et al., 2015), the majority offers biased perspectives: typically exaggerating the need for protein in the diet, indicating success comes through the reduction of carbohydrate consumption (i.e. ketogenic diets), or misrepresenting the benefits of timerestricted dieting or intermittent fasting (Brown et al., 1983;Clark, 2019;Di Francesco et al., 2018;Escobar et al., 2015;Headland et al., 2016;Paoli et al., 2013;Phillips et al., 2015;Rynders et al., 2019;Shai et al., 2008;Tinsley and La Bounty, 2015;Volek and Westman, 2002;Westman et al., 2007). There is also indication among these recommendation for the use of dietary supplements, such as thermogenic agents (e.g. ...

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Coercion versus self-selection when treating issues of overfatness: A narrative review

... As of this writing, 16 controlled trials have investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet on athletic performance (Table 1) [21,30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Of these studies, none exclusively involved females and most involved only males (11 trials); participants included either recreationally active adults (11 trials) or elite athletes (5 trials). ...

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International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets

... From the 11 studies (5–7, 10, 17–20, 22, 23, 25) that assessed bone mainly in normal-weight boys and girls, 8 (5–7, 18–20, 23, 25) reported significant positive effects on BMD and BMC for total body or specific body sites (e.g., lumbar spine). Five of these studies(5,19,20,23,25) showed a significant increase in total body BMD ranging from 2.5% (after a 12-wk intervention with dairy and three 1-h resistance exercise sessions/wk) (20) to 13.4% (after a 1-y intervention) (23). Furthermore, the other 2 of these 5 studies with an 18-mo intervention (5) and a 2-y intervention (25) found changes of 9.6% and 10.4% in total body BMD, respectively, whereas 1 study with a 2-y intervention (19) found a 3.2% increase in BMD after adjusting for size. ...

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The effects of dairy consumption on body composition and bone properties in youth: a systematic review