J. Petráš’s research while affiliated with Technical University of Košice and other places

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Publications (46)


Figure 12. Compare frequency Digit 9 between Analysis and BL for years 2015 to 2024.
Frequency of electricity prices higher than 100 EUR/MWh in Germany.
Frequency of negative electricity prices in years 2015 to 2024 in Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia.
Probability estimates for BL.
Application BL on the German market in 2015 without considering the number 0.

+11

Statistical Analysis of Electricity Prices in Germany Using Benford’s Law
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2024

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80 Reads

Energies

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Ardian Hyseni

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Jaroslav Petráš

The year 2022 was marked by a significant increase in electricity prices in Germany, with prices reaching extreme levels due to various geopolitical and climatic factors. This research analyzes the evolution of electricity prices in Germany from 2015 to 2024 and applies Benford’s Law to examine the distribution of the first digits of these prices. Historical electricity price data from Germany, obtained from publicly available sources, were used for the analysis. We applied Benford’s Law to determine the frequency of occurrence of the first digits of electricity prices and compared the results with the expected distribution according to Benford’s Law. We also considered the impact of negative electricity prices. The results suggest that external factors, such as geopolitical events and climatic conditions, have a significant impact on the volatility of electricity prices. Benford’s Law can be a useful tool for analyzing electricity prices, although its application to this market shows certain deviations.

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Benford’s Law in Electric Distribution Network

September 2023

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98 Reads

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2 Citations

Mathematics

Jaroslav Petráš

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[...]

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Jozef Dudiak

Benford’s law can be used as a method to detect non-natural changes in data sets with certain properties; in our case, the dataset was collected from electricity metering devices. In this paper, we present a theoretical background behind this law. We applied Benford’s law first digit probability distribution test for electricity metering data sets acquired from smart electricity meters, i.e., the natural data of electricity consumption acquired during a specific time interval. We present the results of Benford’s law distribution for an original measured dataset with no artificial intervention and a set of results for different kinds of affected datasets created by simulated artificial intervention. Comparing these two dataset types with each other and with the theoretical probability distribution provided us the proof that with this kind of data, Benford’s law can be applied and that it can extract the dataset’s artificial manipulation markers. As presented in the results part of the article, non-affected datasets mostly have a deviation from BL theoretical probability values below 10%, rarely between 10% and 20%. On the other side, simulated affected datasets show deviations mostly above 20%, often approximately 70%, but rarely lower than 20%, and this only in the case of affecting a small part of the original dataset (10%), which represents only a small magnitude of intervention.



Accumulation of spatial charge on the surface of protecting coatings used against the penetration of high frequency electromagnetic fields

January 2022

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17 Reads

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7 Citations

Journal of Electrostatics

The article deals with the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a selected building element. Measurements were made to determine the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic field. In order to increase the shielding effectiveness, shielding coatings were applied to the selected building element, some of which were concentrated with a laboratory-generated powder to improve the shielding effectiveness of the electromagnetic field. It has been found that a spatial charge occurs when an electromagnetic field impinging on the surface of shielding coatings. The size and polarity of the surface charge depends on the type of shielding coating, the frequency and duration of the electromagnetic field. Measurements were performed for the frequency range from 0.9 to 7 GHz.






Citations (18)


... According to scientists, the law also applies to the second digit, but with less reliability; for further digits, the numbers have a random distribution with equal probability of occurrence. Scientists have not yet found a rule that can determine whether Benford's Law applies to a given set of numbers or not [4]. Benford's Law has been applied to many different data sets [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]: - ...

Reference:

Statistical Analysis of Electricity Prices in Germany Using Benford’s Law
Benford’s Law in Electric Distribution Network

Mathematics

... The rapid growth of technologies in this sector is a significant factor in the growth of concentration too [5][6][7]. A precise model helps with managing the electromagnetic fields of the source and helps in predicting impact factors of practical uses (e.g., impact on other structure or the area) [8][9][10]. ...

Accumulation of spatial charge on the surface of protecting coatings used against the penetration of high frequency electromagnetic fields
  • Citing Article
  • January 2022

Journal of Electrostatics

... The most effective method of EMF reducing is their shielding with protective composite materials. Most of such materials are intended for shielding the EMF of ultra-high and higher frequencies [6,7]. The main disadvantages of such materials are relatively large thickness, which does not allow covering surfaces of complex configuration. ...

Shielding Effectiveness of Electromagnetic Field by Specially Developed Shielding Coating

Acta Physica Polonica Series a

... In learning activities at school, the role of the teacher is relatively high (Ell et al., 2017;Lemmetty & Collin, 2020). The role of the teacher in learning includes making learning designs (Coenders & Terlouw, 2015;Zinn, B., Raisch, K., & Reimann, 2019) improving self to become a teacher with a complete personality, acting as an educating teacher (Hordvik et al., 2020), increasing teacher professionalism (Bernát et al., 2020;Biemans, H. J. A., Mariën, H., Fleur, E., Beliaeva, T., & Harbers, 2020) carrying out learning in accordance with various learning models that are adapted to student conditions (Douglas, 2017;Trust & Pektas, 2018), learning materials (Zhang & Wong, 2018) applied in the competency standards of graduates (Daryono et al., 2020) and learning assessment (Loughland & Alonzo, 2019). Therefore, teachers are the main subject in the achievement of educational goals (Onojah et al., 2021). ...

Journal of Technical Education and Training The Effectiveness of Interactive Whiteboard using NIESVE System for Electrical Engineering Students

... In the frequency domain, parallel capacitance C and dissipation factor tg of insulating oil were measured and compared at all times of thermal aging. The measurement of capacitance and dissipation factor is very important for the investigation of a given insulating system, since the magnitude of the dissipation factor (dielectric loss factor) is indicative of the condition of the insulating material through energy losses distributed in the dielectric when applying an alternating electric field [10]. The value of the dissipation factor is directly proportional to the polarization of the dielectric (in our case insulating oil), which carries a quantity of polar substances, and the temperature of the insulating material. ...

Capacitive sensors used for surface charge measurements
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • November 2018

... The location approximation of PDs is achievable by antenna measurements and proper signal processing [7]- [8]. The most important part of this processing is the noise filtering of the measured signals [9]- [11], because it directly affects the positioning accuracy of the measuring system. To adopt the noise filtering to the discharge phenomenon, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive examination on the characteristics of the emitted signals [12]- [13]. ...

Partial discharge signal de-noising by morphological filters
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • May 2018

... Other composites, based on textile materials with ferrofluid, with the purpose of shielding from the electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range were developed and studied in [7]. Experimental measurements and analysis of the shielding effectiveness of a ferrofluid under radio frequency electromagnetic fields were performed in [5,6]. Moreover, in patent [13] a magnetic field measurement system was suggested and described. ...

The Shielding Effectiveness of a Magnetic Fluid in Radio Frequency Range
  • Citing Article
  • March 2018

Acta Physica Polonica Series a

... Other composites, based on textile materials with ferrofluid, with the purpose of shielding from the electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range were developed and studied in [7]. Experimental measurements and analysis of the shielding effectiveness of a ferrofluid under radio frequency electromagnetic fields were performed in [5,6]. Moreover, in patent [13] a magnetic field measurement system was suggested and described. ...

The Response of a Magnetic Fluid to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field

Acta Physica Polonica Series a

... Thermoluminescence is one of the processes in thermally stimulated phenomena of light from an insulator/semi-conductor following a previous absorption of energy from ionizing radiation including γ-rays, X-rays, β-particles, α-particles, protons, neutrons and energetic ions [8]. In general, TL is the phenomenon of light emission when radiation is incident on a material; some of its energy may be absorbed and re-emitted as light with longer wavelength. ...

Ultrasound Frequency Analysis of a Magnetic Fluid in Low-Intensity External Magnetic Field

Acta Physica Polonica Series a

... A RAIN represents attenuation caused by rain and cloud, LPOL represents loss due to polarization between the transmitting and receiving antenna, LPOINT represents loss due to the inaccurate focus of the antenna on the satellite and the LFRX are losses between the receiving antenna and the receiver input. In our case for the calibration of workplace the components AAG, ARAIN and LPOINT components are not included [8] [9]. Following figure shows the workplace connection. ...

Separation of solid particles from flowing gases by AC high voltage
  • Citing Article
  • February 2017

Journal of Electrostatics