January 2008
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48 Reads
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38 Citations
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January 2008
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48 Reads
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38 Citations
January 2008
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15 Reads
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50 Citations
January 2007
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333 Reads
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2,455 Citations
January 2006
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344 Reads
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1,980 Citations
Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels. To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies. We use these criteria to evaluate, through life-cycle accounting, ethanol from corn grain and biodiesel from soybeans. Ethanol yields 25% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more. Compared with ethanol, biodiesel releases just 1.0%, 8.3%, and 13% of the agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide pollutants, respectively, per net energy gain. Relative to the fossil fuels they displace, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced 12% by the production and combustion of ethanol and 41% by biodiesel. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol. These advantages of biodiesel over e
12 Reads
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15 Citations
... 2,3 This shift has fueled debates regarding the competition between biofuel and food production, with implications for land use, food prices, and the sustainability of agricultural systems. 4,5 One of the primary concerns is that large-scale biofuel production could intensify food scarcity by diverting critical resources away from food production, particularly in regions already grappling with food insecurity. 6,7 For example, in 2007, US biofuel production contributed to the 'tortilla crisis' in Mexico, which also had ripple effects on Guatemala, where malnutrition levels rose as a result. ...
January 2007
... wetland restoration instead of riparian revegetation) (Cooley and Olander, 2011). The dynamic between different ecosystem services (e.g., biodiversity and biomass (Kirchner et al., 2015) requires careful consideration for designing the incentives to manage those services without jeopardising one while achieving the others (Fargione et al., 2008;Horan et al., 2008;Kolinjivadi et al., 2015). However, Kirchner et al. (2015) argued that despite the trade-offs, opportunities exist to promote synergies between ecosystem services. ...
January 2008
... The current research on carbon footprint can be classified into two categories. The first category is about the industry-specific carbon footprint, including the industry, agriculture, transport, building, water supply, health care, and public policies (Accorsi et al. 2015;Zubelzu et al. 2015;Dominic et al. 2008;Glen and Edgar, 2008;Fargione et al. 2008;Druckman and Jackson 2009;Tristram and Gregg 2002). The second category is on the regionspecific carbon footprint, including individuals, products, enterprises, industrial parks, cities, and counties (Yang et al. 2016;Laurent et al. 2010;Kitzes et al. 2007;Johnson 2008;Sovacool and Brown 2010;Kenny and Gray 2009;Garnett 2009;Ohlan and Hazards 2015). ...
January 2008
... Biofuel production can be a source of direct and indirect land use change (LUC) that is driven by the feedstock production. Emissions generated from LUC take place at the beginning of the biofuel life cycle and can abruptly transform their GHG balances to higher emission levels that those obtained for fossil fuels [35,39,43,58,69,76]. In some cases, many years, even centuries, are necessary to compensate the GHG emissions generated in biomass production by savings in the subsequent phases of the biofuel life cycle [69,86]. ...
... Moreover, biofuels are compatible with existing diesel engines, requiring minimal modifications to farm machinery (Knothe et al., 2010). The use of biofuels also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, as the carbon dioxide released during combustion is offset by the carbon dioxide absorbed during the growth of the feedstock (Hill et al., 2006). ...
January 2006