J H Court's scientific contributions

... In total, 585 school-aged children (6-12 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study between May 2018 and March 2023. Exclusion criteria included orthopedic (n = 49), neurological (n = 2), ophthalmologic (n = 2), auditory (n = 1), respiratory (n = 2), or cardiovascular abnormalities (n = 3) that could affect physical function test results; inability to complete physical function tests (n = 50); Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices indicating intellectual disability and Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised [26,27] criteria score or lower (n = 3); unable to perform a physical function assessment due to low-back pain (n = 0); and missing data (n = 79) (Fig 1). Of the 585 candidates, 191 were excluded, and 394 were enrolled in the study. ...

... There has been discussion in the literature about the validity of Raven's Progressive Matrices as a measure of innate intelligence for sub-Saharan Africa especially given the confounding that has been observed between such measures and the level of development (Wicherts et al. 2010;Raven 2000;Raven and Court 1998). A systematic review of published data on Raven's tests in sub-Saharan African populations found that reliability is generally high (above 0.80) and that predictive validity was observed in several studies at levels comparable to western samples, but that convergent validity -the degree to which the scores correlate with other assessments of cognitive ability -is considerably lower by comparison to Western samples. ...

... Psychological assessment of children in the RLD group included full-scale IQ scores (the fourth edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) [45]). TD children's intelligence was measured using the Raven Color Progressive Matrices ((RCPM) [46]) because there was no option to assess the full WPPSI-IV. The scores of WPPSI-IV and RCPM were converted to standard scores with a mean of 100. ...

... The present study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning at Beijing Normal University. Prior to the word-naming task, all participants were asked to complete a non-verbal Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM, Raven et al., 1983) to ensure that they exhibit typical cognitive abilities. This test is crucial for child participants as it enables us to ascertain their typical developing status. ...

... In addition, as shown in Table 1, their reading age was at least 18 months below their chronological age according to a standardized French reading test (Lefavrais, 2005). The dyslexic children and the control children were individually matched on age, t(53) = 0.001, p = 0.999, nonverbal reasoning (Raven et al., 1998), t(53) = 1.88, p = 0.064, and receptive vocabulary (Dunn et al., 1993), t(53) = 1.731, p = 0.089, but differed on reading age as expected, t(53) = 13.12, p < 0.001. ...

... Raven's Progressive Matrices standard progressive matrices were used to assess students' nonverbal IQ, including 60 items (Raven et al., 1996). In this task, a pattern with a missing part was presented, and children were asked to choose the appropriate one from the options to complete the target pattern. ...

... Because these samples only provided data for age groups ranging from 12.0-12.9 to 15.0-15.9, and a representative US sample spanning the entire age range of the SPM was already incorporated (Raven et al., 1999), the choice was made to exclude these five single-ethnicity samples. ...