J. Groenewald’s research while affiliated with Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and other places

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Publications (230)


An integrative re-evaluation of the Fusarium sambucinum species complex
  • Article

December 2024

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37 Reads

Studies in Mycology

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K. Broders

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The species-rich Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC; Fusarium , Nectriaceae , Hypocreales ) is well-known for including devastating plant pathogens and toxigenic species. However, this group of grass-loving fungi also accommodates soil saprobes, endophytes, mycoparasites and rare opportunistic pathogens of humans and other animals. Recent publications have highlighted the vast phylogenetic and biochemical diversity of the FSAMSC, although a large number of taxa in FSAMSC have not been systematically described and still lack Latin binomials. In this study we established the phylogenetic breadth of the FSAMSC using an integrative approach including morphological, multilocus phylogenetic, and coalescence analyses based on five gene regions (calmodulin, RNA polymerase II largest and second largest subunits, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin). Results obtained support the recognition of 75 taxa in FSAMSC, including all the currently known species segregates of the Fusarium head-blight pathogen F. graminearum s. lat . Thirty novel species are formally described and illustrated, while four phylogenetic species remain undescribed. An epitype is proposed for the generic type of Fusarium , F. sambucinum , from recently collected material identified by means of morphology, phylogenetics and mating experiments, fixing the phylogenetic application of the name. Additional notes are included on the typification of Fusisporium cerealis (syn. Fusarium cerealis ).


Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2024

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285 Reads

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2 Citations

Studies in Mycology

Cytospora species have commonly been reported as important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. With the increase in the number of cryptic species being described, a comprehensive global taxonomic revision of the genus Cytospora is required. The present study includes 399 isolates from 32 countries. These isolates were subjected to DNA sequence analysis for five genomic loci (ITS, act1 , rpb2 , tef1-α and tub2 ). Based on these data, it could be confirmed that Cytospora , Leucostoma , Valsa , Valsella and Valseutypella are congeneric. Furthermore, 111 species of Cytospora could also be reassessed, 44 species and four combinations newly introduced, and new typifications proposed for a further three species. Three asexual morphological groups (including 13 asexual morphological types) and three sexual morphological groups (including eight sexual morphological types) were designated. The present study explored the species diversity of Cytospora and re-evaluated the identity of all cultures in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (Utrecht, The Netherlands) that were deposited as either Cytospora or as one of its related genera. This is the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis thus far conducted on Cytospora and the results contribute to an increased understanding of the taxonomy of these important fungi. It is also hoped that the findings will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated Cytospora species.

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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697–1780

December 2024

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1,103 Reads

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Leuconeurospora bharatiensis from accumulated snow sediment sample. Argentina, Pseudocercospora quetri on leaf spots of Luma apiculata. Australia, Polychaetomyces verrucosus on submerged decaying wood in sea water, Ustilaginoidea cookiorum on Scleria levis, Xylaria guardiae as endophyte from healthy leaves of Macaranga tanarius. Belgium, Iodophanus taxi on leaf of Taxus baccata. Belize, Hygrocybe mirabilis on soil. Brazil, Gongronella irregularis from soil, Linodochium splendidum on decaying sheath of Euterpe oleracea, Nothophysalospora agapanthi (incl. Nothophysalospora gen. nov.) on flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Phaeosphaeria tabebuiae on leaf ofTabebuia sp., Verrucohypha endophytica (incl. Verrucohypha gen. nov.) from healthy roots of Acrocomia aculeata.Estonia, Inosperma apricum on soil under Quercus robur. Greece, Monosporascus solitarius isolated from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum. India, Diaporthe neocapsici on young seedling stemsof Capsicum annuum, Fuscoporia naditirana on dead wood, Sebacina spongicarpa on soil, Torula kanvae from the gut of a Copris signatus beetle. Iran, Sarcinomyces pruni from twig and petiole tissues of Prunus persica and Prunus armeniaca, Xenodidymella quercicola from leaf spots of Quercus brantii. Italy, Agaricus aereiceps on grass, Agaricus bellui in meadows, Agaricus fabrianensis in urban grasslands, Beaucarneamyces muscorum on moss growing inforest, Xenoanthostomella quercus on leaf litter of Quercus ilex. Netherlands, Alfaria neerlandica on stem lesions of Cortaderia selloana, Neodictyosporium juncicola on culms of Juncus maritimus, Penicillium geertdesnooi from soil under Papaver rhoeas, Russula abscondita on rich calcareous soil with Quercus, Russula multiseptata on rich claysoil with Quercus, Russula purpureopallescens on soil with Populus, Sarocladium caricicola on leaves of Carex riparia.Pakistan, Circinaria shimlaensis on limestone rocks. Panama, Acrocalymma philodendri on leaf spots of Philodendronsp., Caligospora panamaensis on leaf litter, Chlamydocillium simulans associated with a Xylaria sp., Corynesporina panamaensis on leaf litter, Cylindromonium panamaense on twig litter of angiosperm, Cyphellophora panamaensison twig litter of angiosperm, Microcera panamensis on leaf litter of fern, Pseudotricholoma pusillum in tropicalmontane forest dominated by Quercus spp., Striaticonidium panamaense on leaf litter, Yunnanomyces panamaensison leaf litter. Poland, Albocremella abscondita (incl. Albocremella gen. nov.) from rhizoids of liverwort Conocephalum salebrosum. Portugal, Agaricus occidualis in meadows. South Africa, Alternaria elsarustiae on culms of unidentified Poaceae, Capronia capensis on dead twig of unidentified angiosperm, Codinaeella bulbinicola on dead leaves of Bulbine frutescens, Cytospora carpobroticola on leaf of Carpobrotus quadrifidus, Neophaeomoniella watsoniae on leaf of Watsonia sp., Neoplatysporoides aloigena on leaf of Aloe khamiesensis, Nothodactylaria comitabilis on livingleaf of Itea rhamnoides, Nothopenidiella beaucarneae (incl. Nothopenidiella gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta, Orbilia kirstenboschensis on dead flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Phragmocephala agapanthi on dead flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Podocarpigena hagahagaensis (incl. Podocarpigena gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Podocarpus falcatus, Sporisorium enterogonipteri from the gut of Gonipterus sp., Synnemapestaloides searsiae on leaf of Searsia populifolia, Xenophragmocapnias diospyri (incl. Xenophragmocapnias gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Diospyros sp., Yunnanomyces hagahagaensis on leaf spots of Sideroxylon inerme. Spain, Agaricus basicinctus in meadows, Agaricus quercetorum among leaf litter in oak forests, Coprinopsis palaciosii on degraded woody debris, Inocybe complutensis in calcareous loamy soil, Inocybe tanitiae in calcareous sandy soil, Mycena subfragosa on dead leaves of Salix atrocinerea, Pseudobaeospora cortegadensis in laurel forests, Trichoderma sedimenticola from fluvial sediments. Sweden, Inocybe badjelanndana on calcareous soil. Ukraine, Beaucarneamyces lupini on overwintered stems of Lupinus polyphyllus, Protocreopsis globulosa on thallus and apothecia of Lecania cyrtella on bark of Populus sp., Thyridium tiliae on dead twigsof Tilia sp. USA, Cladosporium louisianense, Cyphellophora americana from a bedroom vent, Extremus massachusettsianus from lyse buffer, Myxotrichum tapetae on carpet in basement, Neospissiomyces floridanus (incl. Neospissiomyces gen.nov.) on swab from hospital, Polychaetomyces marinus (incl. Polychaetomyces gen. nov.) on submerged driftwood insea water, Steccherinum fragrans on hardwood fallen on the beach, Steinbeckomyces carnegieae (incl. Steinbeckomyces gen. nov.) on Carnegiea gigantea, Tolypocladium pennsylvanicum from air sampled in basement. Vietnam, Acidomyces ducanhii from Aglaia flowers, Acidomyces paludis from dead bark of Acacia sp., Phakopsora sageretiae on Sageretia theezans, Puccinia stixis on Stixis scandens. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.


Fig. 1 Participants in the Fungal Nomenclature Session of IMC12. Photo: Nicholas Turland
Fig. 2 Members of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau, IMC12 (left to right): Ewald Groenewald (Reporter), Jos Houbraken (Reporter), Nicholas Turland (Rapporteur-général XXI IBC, advisor), Konstanze Bensch (Deputy Secretary), Tom May (Secretary) and Amy Rossman (Chair)
XII International Mycological Congress: report of Congress action on nomenclature proposals relating to fungi

November 2024

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373 Reads

IMA Fungus

Procedures, appointments and outcomes of the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the XII International Mycological Congress (IMC12) are summarized, including the composition of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau and the Nominating Committee of the IMC. Between 124 and 322 mycologists attended the three sessions of the FNS, at which formal proposals to amend Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants were debated. The 15 proposals considered included eight "from the floor", five of which were withdrawn prior to the FNS. One of the withdrawn proposals was directed to the Editorial Committee for Fungi, in relation to adding examples of best practice when citing living cultures as types. Among the seven proposals published in Taxon , one proposal with a high “no” vote in the Guiding Vote was not re-introduced. Discussion on one proposal led to the authorization of a Special-purpose Committees on “Genomes as Types for Fungi”. For the eight proposals that were put to a vote, two proposals were rejected and six proposals were accepted. The accepted proposals: (1) clarified that a proposal to conserve a name with a conserved type does not require citation of a typification identifier; (2) clarified procedures to protect and reject names of fungi; (3) removed the need to list synonyms of protected names in the Code appendices; (4) clarified that an earlier homonym of a sanctioned name remains unavailable if the sanctioned name is rejected outright; (5) recommended that culture collections or biological resource centres where cultures are lodged should be “public”; and (6) recommended that when original type cultures are lost, neotypification should utilize the progeny of ex-type cultures. Appointments made by the FNS included the Secretary of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau for IMC13, the officers and members of the Editorial Committee for Fungi, and the officers and members of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Fungi. Decisions and appointments of the FNS were ratified in a resolution accepted by the plenary session of the Congress.


The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

November 2024

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4,785 Reads

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16 Citations

mycosphere

With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to better structure a unified classification scheme and avoid incorrect taxonomic inferences. With this in mind, the Outlines of Fungi and fungus-like taxa (2020, 2022) were published as an open-source taxonomic scheme to assist mycologists to better understand the taxonomic position of species within the Fungal Kingdom as well as to improve the accuracy and consistency of our taxonomic language. In this paper, the third contribution to the series of Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa prepared by the Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is published. The former is updated considering our previous reviews and the taxonomic changes based on recent taxonomic work. In addition, it is more comprehensive and derives more input and consensus from a larger number of mycologists worldwide. Apart from listing the position of a particular genus in a taxonomic level, nearly 1000 notes are provided for newly established genera and higher taxa introduced since 2022. The notes section emphasizes on recent findings with corresponding references, discusses background information to support the current taxonomic status and some controversial taxonomic issues are also highlighted. To elicit maximum taxonomic information, notes/taxa are linked to recognized databases such as Index Fungorum, Faces of Fungi, MycoBank and GenBank, Species Fungorum and others. A new feature includes links to Fungalpedia, offering notes in the Compendium of Fungi and fungus-like Organisms. When specific notes are not provided, links are available to webpages and relevant publications for genera or higher taxa to ease data accessibility. Following the recent synonymization of Caulochytriomycota under Chytridiomycota, with Caulochytriomycetes now classified as a class within the latter, based on formally described and currently accepted data, the Fungi comprises 19 Phyla, 83 classes, 1,220 families, 10,685 genera and ca 140,000 species. Of the genera, 39.5% are monotypic and this begs the question whether mycologists split genera unnecessarily or are we going to find other species in these genera as more parts of the world are surveyed? They are 433 speciose genera with more than 50 species. The document also highlights discussion of some important topics including number of genera categorized as incertae sedis status in higher level fungal classification. The number of species at the higher taxonomic level has always been a contentious issue especially when mycologists consider either a lumping or a splitting approach and herein we provide figures. Herein a summary of updates in the outline of Basidiomycota is provided with discussion on whether there are too many genera of Boletales, Ceratobasidiaceae, and speciose genera such as Colletotrichum. Specific case studies deal with Cortinarius, early diverging fungi, Glomeromycota, a diverse early divergent lineage of symbiotic fungi, Eurotiomycetes, marine fungi, Myxomycetes, Phyllosticta, Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae and the longstanding practice of misapplying intercontinental conspecificity. The outline will aid to better stabilize fungal taxonomy and serves as a necessary tool for mycologists and other scientists interested in the classification of the Fungi.


Known from trees and the tropics: new insights into the Fusarium lateritium species complex

September 2024

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88 Reads

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2 Citations

Studies in Mycology

The Fusarium lateritium species complex (FLSC) currently comprises 11 phylogenetic species, including accepted names such as F. lateritium , F. sarcochroum , and F. stilboides , which have mostly been reported in association with citrus and coffee. Many varieties were documented by Wollenweber & Reinking (1935), which is indicative of a wider diversity of species within this group. The lack of type material in some cases, especially for the older names, means that definition by molecular phylogeny is very difficult. In the present study, we examined 179 strains related to F. lateritium from different countries and substrates. Historic reference material, including representative strains from the Wollenweber & Reinking (1935) varieties were included in this study, DNA sequences were generated for comparison, and the morphology correlated with original descriptions to enable the correct application of older names. Strains were characterized by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of the β-tubulin ( tub2 ), calmodulin ( CaM ), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit ( rpb2 ), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ) genes, evaluation of morphological characters and host-substrate preferences. The biological species concept was tested by crossings in vitro . Strains previously identified as F. lateritium , F. stilboides , or one of their varieties based on morphology, were found to belong to 16 species in the FLSC, but also to species from six other species complexes (SC), including the F. citricola SC, F. heterosporum SC, F. incarnatum-equiseti SC, F. redolens SC, F. sambucinum SC, and the F. tricinctum SC. Eleven new phylogenetic and two biological species are described in the FLSC, and emended descriptions are provided for four previously described species. An epitype is designated for F. lateritium , and F. lateritium var. longum , a former variety within the FLSC, is lecto- and epitypified, and elevated to species level with a replacement name.


New and Interesting Fungi. 7

June 2024

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150 Reads

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3 Citations

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

Two new genera, 17 new species, two epitypes, and six interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera include: Cadophorella (based on Cadophorella faginea ) and Neosatchmopsis (based on Neosatchmopsis ogrovei ). New species include: Alternaria halotolerans (from hypersaline sea water, Qatar), Amylostereum stillwellii (from mycangia of Sirex areolatus , USA), Angiopsora anthurii (on leaves of Anthurium andraeanum , Brazil), Anthracocystis zeae-maydis (from pre-stored Zea mays , South Africa), Bisifusarium solicola (from soil, South Africa), Cadophorella faginea (from dead capsule of Fagus sylvatica , Germany), Devriesia mallochii (from house dust, Canada), Fusarium kirstenboschense (from soil, South Africa), Macroconia podocarpi (on ascomata of ascomycete on twigs of Podocarpus falcatus , South Africa), Neosatchmopsis ogrovei (on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Spain), Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis (on Coleoptera larva, Thailand), Penicillium cederbergense (from soil, South Africa), Penicillium pascuigraminis (from pasture mulch, South Africa), Penicillium viridipigmentum (from soil, South Africa), Pleurotheciella acericola (on stem, bark of living tree of Acer sp., Germany), Protocreopsis physciae (on Physcia caesia , Netherlands), and Talaromyces podocarpi (from soil, South Africa).



Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614–1696

June 2024

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2,213 Reads

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8 Citations

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Baobabopsis sabindy in leaves of Eragrostis spartinoides, Cortinarius magentiguttatus among deep leaf litter, Laurobasidium azarandamiae from uredinium of Puccinia alyxiae on Alyxia buxifolia, Marasmius pseudoelegans on well-rotted twigs and litter in mixed wet sclerophyll and subtropical rainforest. Bolivia, Favolaschia luminosa on twigs of Byttneria hirsuta, Lecanora thorstenii on bark, in savannas with shrubs and trees. Brazil, Asterina costamaiae on leaves of Rourea bahiensis, Purimyces orchidacearum (incl. Purimyces gen. nov.) as root endophyte on Cattleya locatellii. Bulgaria, Monosporascus bulgaricus and Monosporascus europaeus isolated from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum. Finland, Inocybe undatolacera on a lawn, near Betula pendula. France, Inocybe querciphila in humus of mixed forest. Germany, Arrhenia oblongispora on bare soil attached to debris of herbaceous plants and grasses. Greece, Tuber aereum under Quercus coccifera and Acer sempervirens. India, Alfoldia lenyadriensis from the gut of a Platynotus sp. beetle, Fulvifomes subramanianii on living Albizzia amara, Inosperma pavithrum on soil, Phylloporia parvateya on living Lonicera sp., Tropicoporus maritimus on living Peltophorum pterocarpum. Indonesia, Elsinoe atypica on leaf of Eucalyptus pellita. Italy, Apiotrichum vineum from grape wine, Cuphopyllus praecox among grass. Madagascar, Pisolithus madagascariensis on soil under Intsia bijuga. Netherlands, Cytosporella calamagrostidis and Periconia calamagrostidicola on old leaves of Calamagrostis arenaria, Hyaloscypha caricicola on leaves of Carex sp., Neoniesslia phragmiticola (incl. Neoniesslia gen. nov.) on leaf sheaths of standing dead culms of Phragmites australis, Neptunomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus maritimus, Zenophaeosphaeria calamagrostidis (incl. Zenophaeosphaeria gen. nov.) on culms of Calamagrostis arenaria. Norway, Hausneria geniculata (incl. Hausneria gen. nov.) from a gallery of Dryocoetes alni on Alnus incana. Pakistan, Agrocybe auriolus on leaf litter of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Rhodophana rubrodisca in nutrient-rich loamy soil with Morus alba. Poland, Cladosporium nubilumfrom hypersaline brine, Entomortierella ferrotolerans from soil at mines and postmining sites, Pseudopezicula epiphylla from sooty mould community on Quercus robur, Quixadomyces sanctacrucensis from resin of Pinus sylvestris, Szafranskia beskidensis (incl. Szafranskia gen. nov.) from resin of Abies alba. Portugal, Ascocoryne laurisilvae on degraded wood of Laurus nobilis, Hygrocybe madeirensis in laurel forests, Hygrocybula terracocta (incl. Hygrocybula gen. nov.) on mossy areas of laurel forests planted with Cryptomeria japonica. Republic of Kenya, Penicillium gorferi from a sterile chicken feather embedded in a soil sample. Slovakia, Cerinomyces tatrensis on bark of Pinus mugo, Metapochonia simonovicovae from soil. South Africa, Acremonium agapanthi on culms of Agapanthus praecox, Alfaria elegiae on culms of Elegia ebracteata, Beaucarneamyces stellenboschensis (incl. Beaucarneamyces gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta, Gardeniomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Gardeniomyces gen. nov.) rotting fruit of Gardenia thunbergia, Knufia dianellae on dead leaves of Dianella caerulea, Lomaantha quercina on twigs of Quercus suber. Melanina restionis on dead leaves of Restio duthieae, Microdochium buffelskloofinum on seeds of Eragrostis cf. racemosa, Thamnochortomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Thamnochortomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Thamnochortus fraternus, Tubeufia hagahagana on leaves of Hypoxis angustifolia, Wingfieldomyces cypericola on dead leaves of Cyperus papyrus. Spain, Geastrum federeri in soil under Quercus suber and Q. canariensis, Geastrum nadalii in calcareous soil under Juniperus, Quercus, Cupressus, Pinus and Robinia, Hygrocybe garajonayensis in laurel forests, Inocybe cistophila on acidic soil under Cistus ladanifer, Inocybe sabuligena in a mixed Quercus ilex subsp. ballota/Juniperus thurifera open forest, Mycena calongei on mossy bark base of Juniperus oxycedrus, Rhodophana ulmaria on soil in Ulmus minor forest, Tuber arriacaense in soil under Populus pyramidalis, Volvariella latispora on grassy soils in a Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia stand. Sweden, Inocybe iota in alpine heath on calcareous soil. Thailand, Craterellus maerimensis and Craterellus sanbuakwaiensis on laterite and sandy soil, Helicocollum samlanense on scale insects, Leptosporella cassiae on dead twigs of Cassia fistula, Oxydothis coperniciae on dead leaf of Copernicia alba, Russula mukdahanensis on soil, Trechispora sangria on soil, Trechispora sanpatongensis on soil. Türkiye, Amanita corylophila in a plantation of Corylus avellana. Ukraine, Pararthrophiala adonis (incl. Pararthrophiala gen. nov.) on dead stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Cladorrhinum carnegieae from Carnegiea gigantea, Dematipyriformia americana on swab from basement wall, Dothiora americana from outside air, Dwiroopa aeria from bedroom air, Lithohypha cladosporioides from hospital swab, Macroconia verruculosa on twig of Ilex montana, associated with black destroyed ascomycetous fungus and Biatora sp., Periconia floridana from outside air, Phytophthora fagacearum from necrotic leaves and shoots of Fagus grandifolia, Queenslandipenidiella californica on wood in crawlspace. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.


Fungal Species Causing Canker and Wilt of Ficus carica and Evidence of Their Association by Bark Beetles in Italy

June 2024

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217 Reads

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1 Citation

Plant Disease

Field surveys conducted during 2021 and 2022 in Western Sicily, Italy, revealed the presence of common fig trees severely affected by trunk and crown root canker and bark cracking. Moreover, in conjunction with the symptomatic tissues, the same surveyed plants showed the presence of bark beetle holes and internal wood galleries. The predominant beetle Criphalus dilutus was previously reported attacking figs in Sicily. Phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus DNA data showed the presence of different fungal taxa associated with disease symptoms, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Ceratocystis ficicola, Diaporthe foeniculina, Neocosmospora bostrycoides, N. perseae and Neofusicoccum luteum. Pathogenicity tests conducted on potted fig plants showed that all the species were pathogenic to fig, with C. ficicola and Neocosmospora spp. as the most aggressive fungal species. Moreover, isolations conducted from the bodies of emerging adult insects recovered from disease samples confirmed the presence of C. ficicola and Neocosmospora spp., suggesting the potential involvement of C. dilutus in their dissemination.


Citations (63)


... The current diversity comprises about 42 genera in six families according to the a variety of specialized habitats. In spite of the paucity of stable morphological characters, species descriptions have recently been boosted based on molecular data NCBI taxonomic browser, or 56 genera belonging to 11 families according to Wijayawardene et al. (2020) and Hyde et al. (2024). The order Chaetothyriales includes several taxa that are pathogenic to human hosts, and others that show divergent adaptations to extreme, nutritionally poor, or toxic environments (Quan et al. 2023). ...

Reference:

A new family of ant-associated fungi in Chaetothyriales
The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

mycosphere

... Cytospora species are well known as causal agents of branch dieback and canker diseases on different woody plants [4][5][6]. Considered as weak pathogens, the species of Cytospora can reduce longevity and productivity of related hosts in the long term [7]. Disease symptoms can initially be observed on twigs and branches in a form of sunken areas with dark discoloration. ...

Cytospora: an important genus of canker pathogens

Studies in Mycology

... rufotacta (Schwöbel & Stangl) Kuyper is similar to I. luteola, but it differs from the latter in having recurved scales on the pileus (Schwöbel and Stangl 1982), a red-brown stipe (Kuyper 1986), and larger basidiospores: 9-11 × 5-6 μm (Schwöbel and Stangl 1982), 8-9.5 × 5-5.5 μm (Kuyper 1986), 8.5-10 × 5-5.5 μm (Stangl 1989), and 8-10(−11) × 5-6 μm (Ferrari 2006). Inocybe lutea Kobayasi & Hongo is also similar to this species in having a yellow stipe, but it has radially arranged fi brils of pileus surface and nodulose basidiospores (Kobayasi 1952;Hongo 1954;Kobayashi 2002a Pileus 10-16 mm broad, obtusely conical, broadly conical to convex, subumbonate; surface fi brillose, rimulose; color reddish brown, "snuff brown"; umbo dark reddish brown to "cigar brown." Lamellae adnate to sinuate, close, brown; edges fl occulose, white. ...

New and Interesting Fungi. 7
  • Citing Article
  • June 2024

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

... Other taxa were identified, such as Cladophialophora, Chloridium, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Hyaloscypha, and Thozetella, and these will be described elsewhere in future studies. One isolate obtained from C. locatellii was previously described as Purimyces orchidacearum (Crous et al. 2024 ...

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614–1696

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

... The class Dothideomycetes is megadiverse and the largest class of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2014(Wijayawardene et al. , 2020. Currently, the class is divided into 54 orders and 226 families and contains about 20,000 described species (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020;Hongsanan et al. 2020aHongsanan et al. , 2020bBarreto et al. 2024;Pem et al. 2024;Piątek et al. 2024). The best-known and studied orders are Capnodiales s. lato, Dothideales, Botryosphaeriales, and Pleosporales (Zhang et al. 2012;Phillips et al. 2013Phillips et al. , 2019Quaedvlieg et al. 2014;Thambugala et al. 2014;Yang et al. 2017;Videira et al. 2017;Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). ...

Meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes

Fungal Systematics and Evolution

... Lamellae samples were prepared by cutting them into small pieces, pre-fixing them in glutaraldehyde, tannic acid, and cacodylate buffer, dehydrating them, infiltrating them with t-butanol, freeze-drying them, mounting them on aluminum stubs, coating them with gold, and observing them using the JSM IT 200 SEM system. The specimens were identified based on relevant reference materials (Singer 1945;Kuo 2009;Crous et al. 2022). ...

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435
  • Citing Article
  • July 2022

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

... mostly occurrence on animal dung). Other researchers reduced Sporormiella to synonym of Preussia due to the lack of differentiation in important morphological characters and phylogenetic delineation (Arx 1973;Guarro et al. 1997;Valldosera and Guarro 1990;Arenal et al. 2004Arenal et al. , 2005Arenal et al. , 2007Chang and Wang 2009;Kruys and Wedin 2009;Asgari and Zare 2010;Mapperson et al. 2014;Kruys 2015;Gonzalez-Menendez et al. 2017;Crous et al. 2020Crous et al. , 2021. In these studies, it is emphasized that the substrate preference and the shape of asci and ascostromata could not be considered as a valid taxonomic criterion. ...

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1550–1613

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

... Two main supported clades are distinguished in this family (Figs 3-5), acknowledged as two separate genera, proposed below as 3-5; MLBS = 100 %, BPP =1) is classified as a genus comprising one novel species from rock and three previously described species from plant leaves: CBS 121637, Cladophialophora hostae (Crous et al. 2007), CBS 116461, Cladophialophora scillae (Crous et al. 2007), and CBS 146975, Cladophialophora behniae (Crous et al. 2021). These three species are reclassified in the new genus Lapsomyces. ...

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1550–1613

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi

... The magnitude of the fungal kingdom has been a debatable topic for decades and several studies have revised the prevailing estimations based on the advancements in estimation methods and technologies (e.g., Hawksworth, 1991Hawksworth, , 2001May, 2000;Tedersoo et al., 2015Tedersoo et al., , 2022Hyde et al., 2023). However, Wu et al. (2019) estimated the global fungal species diversity to be around 12 million, based on cultureindependent approaches, while culture-dependent methods yielded a more conservative estimate of 2.2 to 3.8 million species (Hawksworth and Lücking, 2017). ...

Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

mycosphere

... Additionally, they hold immense biotechnological potential as a source of novel active compounds (Martorell et al. 2019, Liu et al. 2021, Kochhar et al. 2022. In these once-deemed harsh environments, numerous novel fungal species have been described worldwide (some examples include studies by Sterflinger et al. 1997, Wollenzien et al. 1997, Bogomolova & Minter 2003, de Leo et al. 1999, Bills et al. 2004, Ruibal et al. 2005, Isola et al. 2016, 2021a, Crous et al. 2021, Paiva et al. 2023b, among many others), highlighting the need to further explore these types of settings. ...

Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 1478–1549

Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi