J. Burris’s research while affiliated with Johnson Space Center and other places

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Publications (100)


Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground-based lidar and airborne measurements: Ozone Enhancement Due To BB and STT
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2017

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120 Reads

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23 Citations

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

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Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) and biomass burning (BB) are two important natural sources for tropospheric ozone that can result in elevated ozone and air-quality episode events. High-resolution observations of multiple related species are critical for complex ozone source attribution. In this article, we present an analysis of coinciding ground-based and airborne observations, including ozone lidar, ozonesonde, high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), and multiple airborne in situ measurements, made on 28 and 29 June 2013 during the Southeast Nexus field campaign. The ozone lidar and HSRL reveal detailed ozone and aerosol structures as well as the temporal evolution associated with a cold front passage. The observations also captured two enhanced (+30 ppbv) ozone layers in the free troposphere (FT), which were determined from this study to be caused by a mixture of BB and stratospheric sources. The mechanism for this STT is tropopause folding associated with a cutoff upper level low-pressure system according to the analysis of its potential vorticity structure. The depth of the tropopause fold appears to be shallow for this case compared to events observed in other seasons; however, the impact on lower tropospheric ozone was clearly observed. This event suggests that strong STT may occur in the southeast United States during the summer and can potentially impact lower troposphere during these times. Statistical analysis of the airborne observations of trace gases suggests a coincident influence of BB transport in the FT impacting the vertical structure of ozone during this case study.

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Table 1 . Summary of the TOLNet lidars. 
TOLNET – A Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Profiling Network for Satellite Continuity and Process Studies

January 2016

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173 Reads

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13 Citations

The European Physical Journal Conferences

Ozone lidars measure continuous, high-resolution ozone profiles critical for process studies and for satellite validation in the lower troposphere. However, the effectiveness of lidar validation by using single-station data is limited. Recently, NASA initiated an interagency ozone lidar observation network under the name TOLNet to promote cooperative multiple-station ozone-lidar observations to provide highly timeresolved (few minutes) tropospheric-ozone vertical profiles useful for air-quality studies, model evaluation, and satellite validation. This article briefly describes the concept, stations, major specifications of the TOLNet instruments, and data archiving.



Ground-based lidar for atmospheric boundary layer ozone measurements

May 2013

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214 Reads

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41 Citations

Ground-based lidars are suitable for long-term ozone monitoring as a complement to satellite and ozonesonde measurements. However, current ground-based lidars are unable to consistently measure ozone below 500 m above ground level (AGL) due to both engineering issues and high retrieval sensitivity to various measurement errors. In this paper, we present our instrument design, retrieval techniques, and preliminary results that focus on the high-temporal profiling of ozone within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) achieved by the addition of an inexpensive and compact mini-receiver to the previous system. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the lowest, consistently achievable observation height has been extended down to 125 m AGL for a ground-based ozone lidar system. Both the analysis and preliminary measurements demonstrate that this lidar measures ozone with a precision generally better than ± 10 % at a temporal resolution of 10 min and a vertical resolution from 150 m at the bottom of the ABL to 550 m at the top. A measurement example from summertime shows that inhomogeneous ozone aloft was affected by both surface emissions and the evolution of ABL structures.


Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) - Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosol Profiling for Satellite Continuity and Process Studies

January 2013

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254 Reads

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2 Citations

An interagency research initiative for ground-based ozone and aerosol lidar profiling recently funded by NASA has important applications to air-quality studies in addition to the goal of serving the GEO-CAPE and other air-quality missions. Ozone is a key trace-gas species, a greenhouse gas, and an important pollutant in the troposphere. High spatial and temporal variability of ozone affected by various physical and photochemical processes motivates the high spatio-temporal lidar profiling of tropospheric ozone for improving the simulation and forecasting capability of the photochemical/air-quality models, especially in the boundary layer where the resolution and precision of satellite retrievals are fundamentally limited. It is well known that there are large discrepancies between the surface and upper-air ozone due to titration, surface deposition, diurnal processes, free-tropospheric transport, and other processes. Near-ground ozone profiling has been technically challenging for lidars due to some engineering difficulties, such as near-range saturation, field-of-view overlap, and signal processing issues. This initiative provides an opportunity for us to solve those engineering issues and redesign the lidars aimed at long-term, routine ozone/aerosol observations from the near surface to the top of the troposphere at multiple stations (i.e., NASA/GSFC, NASA/LaRC, NASA/JPL, NOAA/ESRL, UAHuntsville) for addressing the needs of NASA, NOAA, EPA and State/local AQ agencies. We will present the details of the science investigations, current status of the instrumentation development, data access/protocol, and the future goals of this lidar network.


Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport revealed by ground-based lidar and ozonesonde at a midlatitude site

September 2012

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137 Reads

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62 Citations

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

This paper presents ozone structures measured by a ground-based ozone lidar and ozonesonde at Huntsville, Alabama, on 27-29 April 2010 originating from a stratosphere-to-troposphere transport event associated with a cutoff cyclone and tropopause fold. In this case, the tropopause reached 6 km and the stratospheric intrusion resulted in a 2-km thick elevated ozone layer with values between 70 and 85 ppbv descending from the ˜306-K to 298-K isentropic surface at a rate of ˜5 km day-1. The potential temperature was provided by a collocated microwave profiling radiometer. We examine the corresponding meteorological fields and potential vorticity (PV) structures derived from the analysis data from the North American Mesoscale model. The 2-PVU (PV unit) surface, defined as the dynamic tropopause, is able to capture the variations of the ozone tropopause estimated from the ozonesonde and lidar measurements. The estimated ozone/PV ratio, from the measured ozone and model derived PV, for the mixing layer between the troposphere and stratosphere is ˜41 ppbv/PVU with an uncertainty of ˜33%. Within two days, the estimated mass of ozone irreversibly transported from the stratospheric into the troposphere is between 0.07 Tg (0.9 × 1033 molecules) and 0.11 Tg (1.3 × 1033molecules) with an estimated uncertainty of 59%. Tropospheric ozone exhibited enormous variability due to the complicated mixing processes. Low ozone and large variability were observed in the mid-troposphere after the stratospheric intrusion due to the westerly advection including the transition from a cyclonic system to an anticyclonic system. This study using high temporal and vertical-resolution measurements suggests that, in this case, stratospheric air quickly lost its stratospheric characteristics once it is irreversibly mixed down into the troposphere.


Range Resolved CO2 Atmospheric Backscattering Measurements Using Fiber Lasers and RZPN Code Modulation

December 2011

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16 Reads

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1 Citation

We report the use of a return-to- zero (RZPN) pseudo noise modulation technique for making range resolved measurements of CO2 within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using commercial, off-the-shelf, components. Conventional, range resolved, DIAL measurements require laser pulse widths that are significantly shorter than the desired spatial resolution and necessitate using pulses whose temporal spacing is such that scattered returns from only a single pulse are observed by the receiver at any one time (for the PBL pulse separations must be >~20 microseconds). This imposes significant operational limitations when using currently available fiber lasers because of the resulting low duty cycle (<~0.0005) and consequent low average laser output power. The RZPN modulation technique enables a fiber laser to operate at much higher duty cycles (approaching 0.04) thereby more effectively utilizing the amplifier's output. This increases the counts received by approximately two orders of magnitude. Our approach involves employing two distributed feedback lasers (DFB), each modulated by a different RPZN code, whose outputs are then amplified by a CW fiber amplifier. One laser is tuned to a CO2 absorption line; the other operates offline thereby permitting the simultaneous acquisition of both on and offline signals using independent RZPN codes. This minimizes the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the measurement. The on and offline signals are retrieved by deconvolving the return signal using the appropriate kernels. An assessment of the technique, discussions of measurement precision and error sources as well as preliminary data will be presented.


Spatio-Temporal Variability of Ozone in the Boundary Layer and Free Troposphere

December 2011

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24 Reads

Tropospheric ozone DIALs have measured laminar structure in atmospheric ozone distributions in a variety of locations and campaigns. These ozone laminae result from stratospheric intrusions, residual layer transport, synoptic circulations, and other mechanisms. Strong STE events are well modeled by regional CTM calculations. Free-tropospheric and nocturnal boundary layer laminae are frequently not well represented in regional models. Using measured ozone as initial and boundary conditions significantly improves model representation of mean vertical distributions, but profiles with sufficient vertical resolution to identify typical 1-km thick laminae are generally unavailable because current (and likely future) satellite observations lack the ability to vertically resolve these ozone laminae at sufficient resolution to capture the physical structure present in the atmosphere. Analysis of ozonesonde measurements indicates that the vertical correlation length above surface ozone extends no higher than the PBL. Satellite observations of free troposphereic ozone above the PBL provide very little information about PBL ozone amounts. A proposed solution is to populate the GALION aerosol-lidar network with additional ozone lidars to characterize the continental spatio-temporal evolution of ozone laminae. This idea involves both hardware technology advances and data assimilation techniques ingesting both ground-based and space-borne observations.


Deep Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport Revealed by Ground-based Ozone lidar: Three Case Studies

December 2011

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139 Reads

Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) makes an important contribution to the budget of the tropospheric ozone although the debate about its quantitative significance continues. In terms of the North America region, STT events occur mostly frequently in the midlatitudes, however, they contributes most to the subtropical lower troposphere as expected due to quasi-isentropic descent. Lidar is an ideal instrument to measure the rapid variations of ozone distribution caused by STT because of its high resolution and continuous observation capability. We will present three deep STT cases, all related to the tropopause folds and upper jet stream, measured by the ozone lidar at the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 2010 and 2011. The structures of potential temperature and relative humidity derived from a co-located microwave profiling radiometer (MPR), cross-section of potential vorticity derived from north American mesoscale (NAM) model, ozonesonde profiles, and OMI total ozone observations will be used to identify and analyze the processes.


Citations (54)


... Lidar networks are used to monitor vertical distributions of dust and aerosols in the atmosphere (Campbell et al., 2002;Kawai et al., 2018;Pappalardo et al., 2014) and validate satellite measurements (Kim et al., 2008;Whiteman et al., 1990;Gusmão et al., 2020). But lidar systems, together with other in situ instruments, can be deployed in radioactive areas and operated continuously with less human intervention and operation. ...

Reference:

Continuous observations from horizontally pointing lidar, weather parameters and PM2.5: a pre-deployment assessment for monitoring radioactive dust in Fukushima, Japan
Lidar Data Validation Techniques
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • January 1990

... Altogether this means that already the inclusion of an appropriate external horizontal temperature gradient in a 1-D retrieval attenuates the ascending/descending differences. 25 This does not imply that the temperature field inhomogeneities are the only cause for deviations of 1-D retrieved vmr profiles from true atmospheric state, as it is known that inhomogeneities in the species vmr fields might well cause significant deviations too (Swartz et al., 2006). However, for mid IR limb sounding the temperature profile is a AMTD Introduction ...

Comparison of high-latitude line-of-sight ozone column density with derived ozone fields and the effects of horizontal inhomogeneity

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

... cm −1 ), which becomes optically thick in the mid-stratosphere. Background signals associated with large-scale temperature gradients or planetary waves are removed with the detrending procedure of Wu et al. (2004;see also Alexander & Barnet, 2007;Eckermann et al., 2006;Hoffmann & Alexander, 2010;Hoffmann et al., 2014). The short wavelength limit of the observations is at approximately 30 km, based on Nyquist's theorem and a sampling distance of 14 km at nadir. ...

Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: validation case study

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

... OMI/V03/L2/OMPROFOZ/, last access: 12 March 2024). The OMPROFOZ product has contributed to a better understanding of chemical and dynamical ozone variability associated with anthropogenic pollution over central and eastern China (Hayashida et al., 2015;Wei et al., 2022), transport of anthropogenic pollution in free troposphere (Walker et al., 2010), and stratospheric ozone intrusion (Kuang et al., 2017), as well as ozone concentration changes in the Asian summer monsoon (Lu et al., 2018;Luo et al., 2018). Moreover, this product has been used to quantify the global tropospheric budget of ozone and to evaluate how well current chemistry-climate models reproduce the observations (Hu et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2010). ...

Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground-based lidar and airborne measurements: Ozone Enhancement Due To BB and STT

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

... For the limited TROPOMI/CrIS data set, ozone profiles from three different locations are available: Table Mountain Observatory (CA, USA), University of Alabama Huntsville (AL, USA), and Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France). Both sites located in the US, Table Mountain and Huntsville, are part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) (Newchurch et al., 2016). The vertical range of the ozone profiles from Huntsville and Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) is 3-14 km with a precision of better than 10 % (Kuang et al., 2013;Gaudel et al., 2015). ...

TOLNET – A Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Profiling Network for Satellite Continuity and Process Studies

The European Physical Journal Conferences

... Our metasurface designs are found to be relatively robust and potentially suitable for many high-power industrial applications such as beam steering and shaping that could find practical use in laser machining or additive manufacturing. We also show that our metasurfaces can support irradiances necessary for long range free-space optical communication and LiDAR applications, and provide estimates for the communication and ranging distances for our metasurfaces in LiDAR, free-space optical communication systems, and remote gas sensing applications [40]. ...

Trace Gas Detection with Lidar from Space

... (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2023). The tropospheric ozone lidar used from NASA's Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) and are publicly available (https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView.1/TOLNet?NASA-GSFC=1, Newchurch et al., 2016). The ozonesonde data used in this publication were obtained as part of the OWLETS-2 campaign and are publicly available (https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/owlets, ...

Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) - Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosol Profiling for Satellite Continuity and Process Studies

... Its transmitter achieved a few millijoules at 10 Hz. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center also reported a 50 μJ, 10 kHz optical parametric amplified transmitter for column measurement on the space lidar [8,9]. Although the Langley system demonstrated a CO 2 measurement, CO 2 profiling with a resolution of a few hundred meters is still challenging. ...

Profiling CO 2 within the Planetary Boundary Layer

... Validating Rayleigh temperature lidar measurements in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere can be difficult due to lack of reference temperature observations at these altitudes. Occasional comparisons with rocketsonde measurements showed temperature differences of 2-5 K in the lower mesosphere (Schmidlin, 1981;Ferrare et al., 1995). Over the past 2 decades, the performance of Rayleigh temperature lidars has been evaluated mainly by comparison with satellite measurements during which they served as the ground-based reference. ...

Lidar measurements of stratospheric temperature during STOIC
  • Citing Article
  • May 1995

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

... We performed the same computation for the case study event on 10-12 December 2010, and found an average O 3 flux of 0.15 Tg day 1 . All of these values are consistent with means and individual case studies for ECs: Jaeglé et al. (2017) find mean STT O 3 flux from cyclones in the DJF season to be 0.075 Tg day 1 , with total values ranging from 0.01 to 0.24 Tg day 1 and a strong dependence on 300 hPa wind speed; Other EC-associated STT O 3 flux measurements range from 0.01 to 0.15 Tg day 1 for a variety of individual events as well as averages computed via ground-based lidar measurements and Lagrangian trajectories (Ancellet et al., 1991;Beekmann et al., 1997;Cooper et al., 2004;Ebel et al., 1996;Kuang et al., 2012;Lamarque & Hess, 1994). ...

Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport revealed by ground-based lidar and ozonesonde at a midlatitude site

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres