J Amara’s research while affiliated with University of Milan and other places

... As indicated by the author Father of homeopathy, Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), the course of progression actuates the "essential energy" of the weakened substance, and that progressive weakening's increment the "strength" of the arrangement. Be that as it may, the solutions to the inquiries why and how it happens have not been explained up to this point [21,22] . This is on the grounds that, at such a low weakening, no atom or Nano-particles of the first restorative material is probably going to be available. ...

Reference:

A review on concept of potentization in homoeopathy with physiochemical properties and other molecular structure’

... Important information is hidden in space-time oscillations, and by revealing it we discover that the degree of complexity of such waves is parallel to the system's ability to adapt to perturbations, so that deterministic chaos is welcome in physiology, it promotes efficacy, efficiency, optimality, minimum energy expenditure in the behavior of biosystems, e.g. in microcirculation [2], while complexity is decreasing in pre-pathological and pathological states. This degenerative process of complexity can be observed mathematically and geometrically in the disintegration of the strange attractor [moving toward simpler and more banal equilibria] both from a topological and functional point of view, and similarly also in real observations, for instance of water clusters in the function of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome, and in the interactions between aqueous solutions [3][4][5][6], fields see Montagnier et al, [7]. This degenerative process can be observed both from mathematical-geometric-topological and functional anatomical point of view, and it should be correlated with the structure and function of information fields. ...

Reference:

Nanotargets: The Modification of Information Fields in Biological Objects

... The second direction (discrete dilution/sequential dilution) existing from approximately the end of the 18th century and aimed at obtaining aqueous solutions of ultra-low concentrations caused heated discussions about the reality of the declared effects. Perhaps, at the end of the 20th century, the most resonant research was studying by natural science methods of verification of changes in the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions with a substance in an ultra-low concentration, the results of which were published in a Nature journal article in 1988 (Davenas et al., 1988). A supposition was made that the observed effects may be caused by the peculiarities of the preparation of aqueous solutions of ultra-low concentrations, involving vigorous shaking, thus leading to the appearance of long-lived molecular structures of water. ...

Reference:

Dynamics of optical properties of sequentially diluted lucigenin aqueous solutions according to luminescence data