Iván Muñoz Ovalle's research while affiliated with University of Tarapacá and other places
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Publications (29)
The results are presented of the analysis of a set of 116 radiometric dates obtained through the method of Carbon 14 (C14) and thermoluminescence (TL) dating. These datings were taken from nine published studies carried out in the Azapa Valley. Regarding dated samples, these were mostly taken from burials (bodies) and offerings (ceramic) from cemet...
The deep social meaning behind food behaviors has significant consequences in diasporic communities and may be one of the hallmarks of the expansion of the Tiwanaku state in the central Andes. The consumption or utilization of corn beer (chicha), coca leaves, and hallucinogenic drugs spread from the altiplano along with several material traditions,...
This article attempts to develop for the first time a comparative analysis of the spatial organization strategies during the middle period (AD 500-1000) in two valleys located in the border between Chile and Peru, Azapa and Caplina respectively. In order to develop this study, we have used data obtained through the register of villages and camps, e...
This article analyzes the economic organization networks and the movement of agro-livestock sector manufacturing and products entering through the port of Arica from Castile and the Indies from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Thereby, this article seeks to examine the commercial movement and routes that united this city with the Real Audiencia of C...
An analysis of the geographical conditions of the spaces occupied by pre-Hispanic settlements during the Middle period for downstream areas Azapa Valley, Arica (Chile) and mean Caplina Valley, Tacna (Peru) is presented. The paper analyzes different territorial characteristics (spatial distribution, slope, elevation, area of occupancy, proximity, dr...
An analysis of the geographical conditions of the spaces occupied by pre-Hispanic settlements during the Middle period for downstream areas Azapa Valley, Arica (Chile) and mean Caplina Valley, Tacna (Peru) is presented. The paper analyzes different territorial characteristics (spatial distribution, slope, elevation, area of occupancy, proximity, dr...
The article presented here is the product ofan archeologic research of the funeral spaces (cemetery) linked to the Middle period in the Azapa valley,Arica and Parinacota region, North of Chile. From this research it was possible to, first, determine the existence of various sectors of occupation for burials and, secondly, and as a consequence of an...
This article analyzes the economic organization networks and the movement of agro-livestock sector manufacturing and products entering through the port of Arica from Castile and the Indies from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Thereby, this article seeks to examine the commercial movement and routes that united this city with the Real Audiencia of C...
This study reflects on the role of Andean housing. We analyze the persistent spacial perception through a study of the archaeological record and the ceremonial association of the construction of housing in the highlands of Arica. We described and compared the evidence regarding the use of space between archaeological sites and current communities o...
In the Arican foothills north of Chile two important cultural traditions interacted from the tenth to the seventeenth century. The first tradition originated in the western valleys and is known archeologically as Arica Culture. The second, originated in the Chilean Altiplano, was related to the Aimara and the Postiwanaku kingdoms, specifically Cara...
Occlusal surface wear scores were examined in a sample of 200 Formative period (1,500 B.C.-A.D. 500) skeletons from the lower Azapa Valley in northwest Chile. Wear rate and plane (angle) were additionally evaluated using a subsample of paired first and second mandibular molars. The Formative period represents the transition from marine foraging to...
The article analyzes cultural evidence found at La Capilla cave to learn about the social interactions that occurred there. The analysis is undertaken from the lens of social archaeology, taking into account that the site is a unique place in Chile's northern coast. The site yielded pictorial evidence and cultural remains in an environment associat...
The article analyzes cultural evidence found at La Capilla cave to learn about the social interactions that occurred there. The analysis is undertaken from the lens of social archaeology, taking into account that the site is a unique place in Chile's northern coast. The site yielded pictorial evidence and cultural remains in an environment associat...
The archaeological research reported here has two primary developments. First, a bibliographic study was carried out on the survival and lifeways of the Alto Ramírez people and the water resources that drain from the low mountain slopes of the Azapa Valley, in the context of survival and Alto Ramírez ways of living. Second, the function of the tomb...
The archaeological research reported here has two primary developments. First, a bibliographic study was carried out on the survival and lifeways of the Alto Ramírez people and the water resources that drain from the low mountain slopes of the Azapa Valley, in the context of survival and Alto Ramírez ways of living. Second, the function of the tomb...
the study of in transit population towards agriculture on the coastal valleys of Arica shows evidence of a strong presence of technological features linked to the archaic Period. despite the social and economical transformations produced during the initial agricultural process, the work on stone, bone and the use of vegetable fiber donote the persi...
Indicators of oral health were recorded in a sample of 200 Formative period (1500 B. C.-A. D. 500) skeletons from archaeological sites located in the Lower Azapa Valley of northwest Chile. This period represents a major shift in subsistence strategies in the Atacama Desert, as coastal
groups adopted agriculture and moved deeper into the valley. Fre...
One objective of this research is to describe the different sources of water located in the Azapa valley that were fundamental in the development of the first farming practices. A second objective is to identify rests of plants belonging to these ecosystems, which were used in the preparation of material to build their cemeteries. The information g...
Domestic area organization and the activity zones are the focus of this study of six settlements from Caillama Village, which is situated at 3,000 m.a.s.l. in Arica' s sierra. From a chronological point of view, based on pottery styles, settlements correspond to the Late Intermediate Period (1,100 to 1,300 A.D.). The first part of this work concent...
Domestic area organization and the activity zones are the focus of this study of six settlements from Caillama Village, which is situated at 3,000 m.a.s.l. in Arica's sierra. From a chronological point of view, based on pottery styles, settlements correspond to the Late Intermediate Period (1,100 to 1,300 A.D.). The first part of this work concentr...
The objective of the present essay is to discuss the social space generated in three of the biggest prehispanic sites placed in the highland of Arica, located at over 3000 m.asl. in the northern extreme of Chile: Huaihuarani, Lupica and Saxamar. The discussion is focused on a group of activity areas generated not only inside domestic areas but also...
Thirteen years after our article Formativo en el Norte Grande de Chile (Muñoz 1989), here we reanalyse the period, taking into consideration new evidence obtained in the far south of Peru and far north of Chile particularty during the last ten years. This information permits us to establish new hypotheses regarding reconstruction of society and cul...
Thirteen years after our article Formativo en el Norte Grande de Chile (Muñoz 1989), here we reanalyse the period, taking into consideration new evidence obtained in the far south of Peru and far north of Chile particularly during the last ten years. This information permits us to establish new hypotheses regarding reconstruction of society and cul...
A trece años de haber escrito el artículo sobre el Formativo en el Norte Grande de Chile (Muñoz 1989), en el presente artículo se analiza dicho período considerando evidencias obtenidas en el extremo sur de Perú y extremo norte de Chile, especialmente en los últimos diez años. El análisis de la información ha permitido que se establezcan nuevas hip...
Domestic area organization and the activity zones are the focus of this study of six settlements from Caillama Village, which is situated at 3,000 m.a.s.l. in Arica's sierra. From a chronological point of view, based on pottery styles, settlements correspond to the Late Intermediate Period (1,100 to 1,300 A.D.). The first part of this work concentr...
Citations
... La presencia de cerámica decorada en el Valle de Azapa parece ser más tardía de lo que se ha propuesto. Más bien se relacionaría a una segunda fase de agricultores, donde el proceso agrícola estaría consolidado con cultivos como maíz, ají, calabazas, camote, papas, jíquima, etc. (Muñoz 2014;). Este fuerte desarrollo de la actividad agrícola, habría sido consecuencia de la canalización de las aguas de vertientes, lo que permitió regar amplios terrenos donde se sembraron variedades de cultivos, logrando una producción permanente. ...
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... La información disponible sobre el desarrollo cultural y la evolución de la población antigua en Arica fue el resultado de la investigación conjunta de la arqueología y la antropología biológica, lo que permitió reconstruir uno de los procesos | 159 Patrones de residencia posmarital en la población prehistórica de Arica (Chile El registro abarca desde el período Arcaico tardío 5240-3254 AP (Vera, 1981;Allison et al., 1984;Focacci y Chacón, 1989;Standen, 1991;Arriaza, 1994;Costa-Junqueira et al., 1999;Costa et al., 2000;Arriaza et al., 2001;Standen, 2003;Muñoz Ovalle, 2011), período Intermedio temprano o Formativo 2950-1450 AP (Muñoz Ovalle y Chacama, 2012), período Medio 1050-850 AP (Schiappacasse et al., 1991;Muñoz Ovalle, 2019), período Intermedio tardío 950-550 AP (Schiappacasse et al., 1991;Chacama, 2005) y Tardío ca. 500-450 AP ; Muñoz móviles que las mujeres, lo que indica un patrón de residencia matrilocal (Nystrom y Malcom, 2010), evidencia que posteriormente se repitió en seis localidades de Chile (Punta de Teatinos, El Cerrito, Caleta Huelén 42, Pisagua, Calama y San Pedro de Atacama), al revelar un patrón de residencia similar (Cocilovo et al., 2019b). ...
... Los aromas, la distribución de los objetos, la estructuración de los espacios, conforman elementos característicos de sus habitantes (Muñoz Ovalle, 2014). En distintas comunidades andinas, en la construcción y el mantenimiento de la casa intervienen un conjunto de rituales que funcionan como un instrumento de memoria, a través de los cuales se reconstruyen y fortalecen los lazos sociales colectivos existentes (Arnold, 1998;Muñoz Ovalle, 2014;Tomasi, 2012). Acorde con esto, la casa andina es un artificio mnemotécnico que mantiene el recuerdo de ciertos acontecimientos históricos y, a su vez, es una síntesis de la vida "...representa un microuniverso que alberga todas las manifestaciones que la familia y el individuo desarrolla en su diario vivir. ...
... This narrative, based on the increase in social complexity, the establishment of permanent village-type settlements, and food production, suggests that the Formative sets the end of the hunter-gatherer-fisher lifeway (Muñoz, 2013). These changes are applicable, in the immediate territory of the Camarones Valley, to the Peruvian coast and the Chilean Western Valleys. ...
... In the coast and western valleys of northern Chile, semi-sedentary maritime societies with significant social complexity persisted throughout the Holocene, and although they regularly utilized non-food inland resources, engagement with agriculture did not occur until the Late Holocene (Roberts et al., 2013;Standen et al., 2018Standen et al., , 2021McRostie et al., 2019;García et al., 2020;Ugalde et al., 2021). Starting approximately 3,100 years ago, an emergence of villages, fields and cemeteries, often composed of burial mounds in valleys such as Azapa, Chaca, and Camarones, signals the advent of fully agricultural societies (Focacci and Erices, 1973;Núñez and Santoro, 2011;Muñoz Ovalle, 2012, 2017Barba et al., 2015;Carter, 2016). During the following centuries, these sedentary communities augmented their engagement with various cultigens including maize, cotton, beans, gourds, squashes, and others. ...
... El uso del ají, tuvo el contexto ritual y ceremonial, como establecen los estudios de (Nuñez, Cartajena, Carrasco, & et al, 2017), (Muñoz Ovalle & Gordillo Begazo, 2016) y (Shady, 1997), indican que la base ritual de la alimentación en base a especies como el ají, determinaron dos factores primordiales, los cuales son: la disponibilidad del recurso y el contexto socialintegrativo; debido a que el alimento comunitario, se basaba en el ofertorio a los dioses de la cosmovisión del hombre antiguo. Por tanto, el agradecimiento a la "buena caza" y la "buena cosecha", se refrendaba en el "pago" -contexto de agradecimiento -, al Apu, por tanto, había que diseminar y cohesionar su "bondad" con el pueblo. ...
... Las collcas de Zapahuira (Az-40) se sitúan en la cuenca superior de Azapa a 3200 msnm, a 3 km del tambo incaico Zapahuira (Az-124) . Su emplazamiento estratégico se relaciona con el cruce de dos caminos principales durante la hegemonía incaica (Choque & Muñoz, 2016;, comunicando las cuencas de Lluta y Alto Azapa, ambas intensamente ocupadas durante la prehistoria tardía (Saintenoy et al., 2017;Santoro et al., 2009). El sitio cuenta con excelente visibilidad desde los asentamientos de Huaycuta y Chapicollo, así como hacia el cerro ceremonial de Taapaca (Reinhard, 2002), los portezuelos que comunican con el altiplano Carangas y las chullpas del sector. ...
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... En effet, les nombreux sites archéologiques composant ce que nous pourrions appeler « la zone de Sama » -à savoir le site administratif Inca C029-Sama la Antigua (Trimborn 1975;Gordillo 1996;Williams et al. 2009), des établissements plus anciens et peu documentés tel que C030-Samaran (Trimborn 1975;Baitzel 2017), ou bien encore le site défensif C028-Inclán, découvert quant à lui sur la base de l'imagerie satellite et stratégiquement localisé à l'endroit ou la vallée se rétrécit brusquement -semblent peut-être illustrer la volonté d'exercer un contrôler de cette zone. Alto (Trimborn 1975 : 65) ou bien plus au sud encore, dans les vallées d'Arica de Lluta et d'Azapa Valenzuela et al. 2004;Muñoz et al. 2016). Dans leur description, les auteurs présentent ce site comme une forteresse (Gordillo 1996; 1980 (Gordillo 1996(Gordillo , 2010, constatait déjà son très mauvais état de conservation, qui n'a sans doute cessé de se détériorer au fil des années, en raison de la proximité trop importante du village de Sitajara. ...
... The same is true regarding the flexion of the extremities; they were possibly forced into that position before rigor mortis set in. During the Formative period, bodies found in cemeteries were typically buried in a flexed or semiflexed position (Santoro, 1980;Muñ oz, 2004), which contrasts with the burial position of the interment described here. ...
... The climatic processes during the Andean interglacial period led these hunter-gatherer groups to settle and forge a self-sustaining agriculture, which expanded in inter-basin trade (from Arequipa to Tarapacá), allowing the coastal populations to have a significant population growth, leading them to expand their territorial domain. The first settlers came from the same nuclear social component throughout this territory, reflecting the cultural, semiotic and linguistic patterns among them, although with minimal differentiating agents, marked by the environment [24] and [26]. ...
