Iu. A. Makedonova’s research while affiliated with Volgograd State Medical University and other places

A special place in the methods of surgical treatment of bone fractures is occupied by transosseous osteosynthesis using external fixation devices of various designs. Objective: to analyze the lower jaw exoskeleton in finite element programs. Materials and research methods. During the research, 36 human lower jaws were involved from the museum of the Department of Oper-ative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy of the Volgograd State Medical University. They were scanned in 3D. All obtained images were loaded into a virtual scene reconstruction program. Fractures of the lower jaws in the corner area were modeled, an apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton was installed, and the chewing load on the lower jaw was simulated. The place of application of the force was an area on a small fragment of a repositioned 3D model of the mandibular bone corresponding to the place of attachment of the masseter muscle. The evaluation of virtual studies was carried out according to the results of the stress-strain states of the bones and apparatus, the schedule of displacements of objects and the results of the analysis of the safety factor. Research results and discussion . In the course of evaluating the virtual placement of the mini-fixator wires of the apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton, it was revealed that the main load is applied to the mini-fixator wires on a large fragment and the bone in the area of the wires. For the possibility of precise positioning of the osteofixers of the external fixation device, a device for the safe installation of the spokes of the lower jaw exoskeleton was also developed. Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of computer mathematical analysis, it can be argued that the developed design of the apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton works under conditions of the maxillofacial region, performs reposition and fixation of bone fragments of the lower jaw under conditions of chewing functioning of the restored fracture of the lower jaw.

A special place in the methods of surgical treatment of bone fractures is occupied by transosseous osteosynthesis using external fixation devices. The aim of the study is to develop a device for the safe spatial orientation of the wires of the extrafocal osteosynthesis apparatus. Materials and methods. To develop a device for the spatial orientation of the external fixation spokes, a 3D model was designed with further reproduction on a 3D printer. The development of the device was carried out by placing the wires of the external fixation apparatus on 36 bones of the human lower jaw, on which a fracture in the angle was simulated. Results and discussion. The device for the spatial orientation of the spokes of the external fixation device for the lower jaw exoselet is partially reproduced using a 3D printer, which allows individualizing the device parts at the stages of preparation for surgery. Conclusions. Effect: control of the depth of immersion of osteofixers over the entire thickness of the bone and simplification of the choice of the optimal angle of mutual spatial orientation during their introduction and the greatest stable fixation of the fragments of the lower jaw during closed extrafocal osteosynthesis.

The hypertone of chewing muscles is the leading reason of development of pain of non-odontogenic character in maxillofacial area. This pathology is rather widespread, at the same time has permanent character and is characterized average or heavy degree of expressiveness of clinical symptoms. Muscular pains considerably reduce working capacity and worsen quality of life of patients. Treatment of a hypertone of chewing muscles is relevant in stomatology. For clear understanding of genesis of development of muscular frustration in work the anatomy of a temporal and mandibular joint and chewing muscles is in detail presented systems. Modern methods of treatment of a hyper tone of chewing muscles include correction of occlusion that doesn’t eliminate a painful symptom; orthopedic and orthodontic treatment with application a cap. However, application of above-mentioned methods is rather effective, there is no exact understanding of the mechanism of their action. At some patients the temporary improvement of a state is noted, – gets the chronic sluggish long course of development of a disease which doesn’t give in by any known methods subsequently from others. Dentists perfectly understand this fact, at the same time the disappointment from the treatment comes in spite of the fact that all efforts were bent on improvement of knowledge in the field of factors predictors of development of pathology, modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of muscular frustration. In this work the use of the pneumoexercise machine mouth gag as the device relaxing muscles and separating device on the one hand, and possibilities of his use as a stimulator of process of the return development of the available already structural and functional changes of muscle tissue with another is proved. Accurate indications and contraindications to use of this device are submitted. It is recommended to use the device as the low-invasive method which isn’t leading to irreversible consequences. Further need of development of practical recommendations on uses of the pneumoexercise machine mouth gag as is obvious to patients and their parents, and to dentists in the medical and preventive purposes.

At the dental reception, complications after dental implantation in the form of mucositis and peri-implantitis are becoming more and more common. There are quite a lot of risk factors for the development of inflammation of the parotid tissue, there is no single idea about the etiopathogenesis of the above pathology. Mucositis refers to the initial stage of peri-implantitis development and is reversible. The specialist should promptly diagnose the development of the inflammatory potential and start treatment, in order to prevent the development of bone destruction around the implants. One of the methods of local exposure to the lesion is ozone therapy. Goal . This paper describes the method of treatment of peri-implantation mucositis by ozone therapy. Materials and methods. In patients with peri-implantation mucositis, the inflammatory peri-implantation tissue was ozonated directly in the oral cavity with the Ozotron device in order to relieve inflammation and improve microcirculation in the oral cavity. Before performing oral ozonation, all patients underwent a general clinical examination to identify contraindications to this method. It also describes in detail the scheme that prevents the penetration of ozone into the body and prevents its ingestion. Results . During ozonation, a positive trend was obtained in the treatment of post-prosthetic complications during dental implantation. The developed scheme of ozonation in the oral cavity stops the inflammation of the peri-implantation tissue. Side effects and complications during ozone therapy directly in the oral cavity were not detected. Conclusions . The inclusion of ozone therapy in the treatment regimen of patients with peri-implantation mucositis is an appropriate and justified physiotherapy method.

Despite the current level of development of medicine and gained practical experience, the problem of the acceleration of reparative processes in the oral mucosa is still relevant. The problem of improving the ways and means influencing the healing processes in the oral cavity remains one of the most pressing issues of therapeutic dentistry. This study involves the clinical-experimental study conducted. Clinical examination and treatment of patients involved the use of standard treatment regimen of erosive and ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity compared with autohemofherapy. Experimental part included modeling of oral mucosa wound process with further investigation of the characteristics of connective tissue regeneration in dogs divided into two groups. Clinical, morphological and cytological data suggests the effectiveness of autohemofherapy in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in comparison with the conventional method and that is the reason to give our preference to this method of disease treatment. Applying the autohemofherapy allows us to explain the regenerative features of the oral mucosa, indicating the feasibility and justifiability of this method.

The problem of high incidence and treatment need of the periodontium diseases is one of the priorities for the modern dental practice. However, despite the wide range of drugs that affect both the microflora of periodontal pockets and the various pathogenesis mechanisms of the inflammatory process, no significant reduction in the number of patients with periodontal diseases has been observed. In this regard, the search for new methods and means of enhancing the effectiveness of therapeutic effect on the pathological focus of inflammation in the periodontium is in process. The method of choice in the dental practice can be a drug-free method such as autohemotherapy. The use of platelet-rich plasma is today one of the few opportunities to modulate and enhance wound healing process and resist an infection without the use of drugs.

The urgent matter of the modern dental practice is to study the possibility of applying the platelet autoplasma method in the treatment of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in order to accelerate regeneration and recovery of reparative functions of the damaged tissue. Experimental part included investigation of the characteristics of connective tissue regeneration in dogs being also divided into two groups. Clinical, morphological, and cytological data suggests the effectiveness of autohemotherapy in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in comparison with the conventional method, and that is the reason to give our preference to this method of disease treatment. Applying the autohemotherapy allows us to explain the regenerative features of the oral mucosa, indicating the feasibility and justifiability of this method.