Istvan Z. Kovacs’s research while affiliated with Nokia and other places

... Note that the used stochastic XR traffic originally was derived from analysis of real XR traffic flows (see e.g., [18] where SA4 conducted an extensive study and gathered information related to media and eXtended Reality traffic), and other models of the system-level simulator are also extracted from measurements (e.g., the used radio propagation models). Our system-level simulations follow the tutorial in [29], where more information of the models of the simulations can be found. ...

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Overview of NR Enhancements for Extended Reality (XR) in 3GPP 5G-Advanced

... An alternating iterative algorithm was employed to solve the non-convex optimization problem, effectively enhancing the communication rate for ground users. Cai et al. [23] proposed different power allocation algorithms for the uplink communication of numerous cellularconnected UAVs. The objective was to optimize the minimum spectral efficiency or overall spectral efficiency based on the principle of successive convex approximation, to address the severe interference issues in high-density UAV deployment scenarios. ...

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UAV-Enabled Diverse Data Collection via Integrated Sensing and Communication Functions Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

... However, achieving these metrics over contemporary 5G networks is highly challenging due to the higher data volume of ODVs, compared to conventional Twodimensional (2D) videos. For instance, an High-efficiency Video Voding (HEVC)-encoded 8K (ultra-high-definition) video typically requires target bitrates ranging from 20-80 Mbps [3], significantly exceeding the typical throughput of 20 Mbps for UAVs when operating in the presence of ground users [4], [5]. Furthermore, achieving Glass-to-glass (G2G) latency of under one second is inherently challenging. ...

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Real-Time Immersive Aerial Video Streaming: A Comprehensive Survey, Benchmarking, and Open Challenges

... It should be noted that while several survey articles discuss 4G/5G RAN architectures, they mostly focus on earlier architectures, like C-RAN, H-CRAN, V-CRAN, etc., and do not address innovative O-RAN design principles [24][25][26] . Furthermore, Deep Learning (DL)based studies addressing RAN issues in 4G/5G networks exist [27] , but they need to be integrated into the emerging O-RAN architecture. Existing survey works on O-RAN provide brief details about its design, modules, advantages, and disadvantages [28,29] . ...

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AI/ML Enabled Automation System for Software Defined Disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks: Transforming Telecommunication Business

... Thus, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) will be integrated as a fundamental element of 6G's design [6]. This AI-driven functionality will replace much of the manual effort involved in network management, from deployment to optimization, and incorporate intent-based management as a key feature [7][8]. However, maintaining ultra-low latency becomes ...

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Leveraging Global and Local Spatial-Temporal Correlations of Traffic to Improve Congestion Prediction and Routing in 6G Networks

... Despite the high availability of cellular networks, it should be noted that low signal strength levels can have a significant impact on network performance due to the low SNR regime in which communications occur. For a critical RSRP value of −100 dBm [43], in the best case (5G NR -Oper. B) there is still a 9.8% chance that samples will be below −100 dBm, while this percentage increases for other cases to 16.0% (4G LTE -Oper. ...

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Multi-Connectivity Solutions for Rural Areas: Integrating Terrestrial 5G and Satellite Networks to Support Innovative IoT Use Cases

... Therefore, these demands increased the need to develop the wireless system to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirement [5][6][7][8][9]. 3GPP decided the LTE network was the fourth generation of mobile communication in 2009 [10][11][12]. Nowadays, LTE cellular networks are commonly used in Iraq because they provide a high data rate, flexibility in frequency usage, and low latency. Unlike the previous generations of the wireless system, for example, the GSM (second generation) has a 9.6Kbps date rate while LTE has up to 100Mbps downlink transmission and 50Mbps uplink transmission. ...

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Key performance indicators analysis for 4 G-LTE cellular networks based on real measurements

... In addition, for algorithms based on single-site 3D localization, Sun et al. [10] explored the feasibility of single-site 3D UE localization using uplink physical layer channel measurement SRSs in 5G NR, and proposed subspace-based joint angular-temporal estimation and statistically based expectation maximization (EM) algorithms. Butt et al. [17] proposed a new algorithm in the integration of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in 5G radio access networks, discussed the implementation challenges of the solution and the need for architectural changes, and evaluated the performance of the ML-assisted localization approach using deep-learning-assisted UE localization as an example use case. ...

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BWSAR: A Single-Drone Search-and-Rescue Methodology Leveraging 5G-NR Beam Sweeping Technologies for Victim Localization

... Considerable research has been conducted to determine the tolerable transmit power of femtocell users (FUE) within the macro cell coverage to avoid cross-tier interference, as demonstrated in [17][18][19]. Improved results were achieved when considering macro cell users (MUE). However, it is apparent that interference suffered by FUEs was not considered, which also influences their power requirements. ...

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Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Network Coexistence Through Interference Contribution Rate and Uplink Power Control Algorithm (ICR-UPCA) in 6G Edge Cells

... The authors in [4] conducted the UAV-to-ground channel measurement campaigns at 1 GHz and 4 GHz, and analyzed the time non-stationarity in UAV-to-ground channels. The spatial channel characterizations of UAV-to-ground channel at 1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz were respectively investigated based on the measurement campaigns in [5], [6]. Based upon these channel measurement campaigns and characteristic analysis, extensive UAV-to-ground channel models were proposed. ...

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A Multi-modal Intelligent Channel Model for 6G Multi-UAV-to-Multi-Vehicle Communications