Isaac William Martin’s research while affiliated with University of California, San Diego and other places

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Publications (40)


What Drives Displacement? Involuntary Mobility and the Faces of Gentrification
  • Article

August 2024

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42 Reads

City & Community

Kevin Beck

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Isaac William Martin

Recent quantitative studies on the relationship between gentrification and residential displacement have produced inconsistent findings. We examine whether these differences may be attributed to variation in the conceptualization and measurement of gentrification by testing a variety of different operational definitions of gentrification while holding data sources and other methodological decisions fixed. We treat gentrification as a family of related phenomena, estimate a family of operational measures of gentrification from Census data, and, for each measure in the family, test the association between gentrification and displacement in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We find that several relationships between gentrification and residential displacement are robust to the choice of measure from the family of gentrification measures we consider. In particular, we find no evidence that gentrification increases the probability of displacement for renters or homeowners, regardless of how gentrification is defined and operationalized. However, consistent with recent studies of particular metro areas, we find evidence that homeowners who live in gentrifying neighborhoods are less likely to be displaced than homeowners in comparable neighborhoods that are not gentrifying.


Figure 1. Scatterplot of 196 tax policy terms in a vector space spanned by the principal components risk pooling and community orientation, with illustrative terms highlighted; n = 848 municipal tax policy proposals.
Unstandardized Coefficients and Standard Errors from Regression Models of the Affirmative Vote Share on Two Dimensions of Policy Design, in California Municipal Ballot Measures Proposing Tax Increases.
What Makes a Tax Policy Popular? Predicting Referendum Votes from Policy Text
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2021

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37 Reads

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2 Citations

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

What kinds of taxation are most politically sustainable in a democracy? The authors answer this question by applying natural language processing and machine learning techniques to a large, new corpus of digitized documents describing municipal tax policies of heterogeneous design that have been directly subjected to popular referendum in the state of California. The authors find that tax policies of different description vary systematically in their popularity with voters. In particular, official textual summaries of tax policy differ along two social dimensions that are associated with voters’ willingness to approve the tax. The authors interpret these dimensions as risk pooling and community orientation and show that measuring these dimensions can modestly improve the ability to predict the popularity of a tax, relative to a conventional regression specification that omits information about qualitative policy design. The authors discuss implications for the study of the sociology of taxation.

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Racial Context and Political Support for California School Taxes

October 2020

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9 Reads

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4 Citations

Objective To determine how racial context influences school districts’ ability to raise taxes and whether it is mitigated by racial context. Method Panel regression models are fit to a data set of 293 parcel tax measures and 967 California school districts from 1997 to 2010, including data on the racial composition of enrolled students, the district population, and the school board, with controls for features of the policy and the social, political, and economic context. Results School boards were least likely to propose new parcel taxes where there was a high percentage of Latinx students or a large gap between the percentage of white students and the percentage of white residents 65 and older. Once a tax was proposed, these and other measures of racial context had no measurable influence on the propensity of voters to approve it. Policy design influenced outcomes, but not by mitigating racial context. Conclusion Racial context affects whether school districts propose new taxes.




The New Handbook of Political Sociology

February 2020

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615 Reads

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17 Citations

Political sociology is a large and expanding field, and The New Handbook of Political Sociology supplies the knowledge necessary to keep up with the newest developments. Written by a distinguished group of leading scholars in sociology, this volume provides a critical survey of the state of the art and points the way to new directions in future research. The New Handbook presents the field in six parts: theories of political sociology, the information and knowledge explosion, the state and political parties, civil society and citizenship, public policy, and globalization and empire. Covering all subareas of the field with both theory and empirics, it directly connects scholars with the cutting edge. A total reconceptualization of the first edition, the New Handbook features nine additional chapters and highlights the role of race, gender, colonialism, and knowledge production.





Citations (20)


... Подход к феномену налоговой грамотности с позиции фискальной социологии ориентирован не только на улучшение личного благосостояния, но и на аспекты социальной справедливости. Отметим, что фискальная социология в целом рассматривает фискальную политику как структу-рирующий принцип современной общественной жизни (Martin, 2020). Разработка рационального и справедливого подхода к вопросам налогообложения, социальной справедливости по отношению к налогоплательщику -темы, которые были введены в научный дискурс французским исследователем Марком Леруа (Попова, 2011). ...

Reference:

Tax literacy: An empirical study of a Russian region
The Political Sociology of Public Finance and the Fiscal Sociology of Politics
  • Citing Chapter
  • March 2020

... This hubristic American exceptionalism was shared by other Columbia political economists, who applied a type of economic determinism to modernization theory (Martin, Mehrotra, and Prasad 2009). Seligman famously contended that economic development defined the evolution of a nation-state's tax system. ...

The Thunder of History: The Origins and Development of the New Fiscal Sociology
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2009

... Accordingly, White seniors may be well-positioned to advocate for their preferred life cycle amenities and services such as elder care facilities, a more accessible built environment, and daytime community programming, which could direct resources away from initiatives for (non-White) children and young families (Winkler, 2013). This hypothesis is borne out by empirical evidence that per-pupil educational spending is lower in states and districts where the school-aged population is more racially diverse compared to older generations (Figlio & Fletcher 2012;Nations & Martin, 2020;Pastor et al., 2017;Poterba, 1997), but little is known about whether similar processes play out on smaller geographic scales. More generally, when local governments use neighbourhood age structure to guide service provision without accounting for the racial composition of different age groups, racial age gaps may produce mismatches between where services are distributed and where they are needed most. ...

Racial Context and Political Support for California School Taxes

... Lastly, since studies indicate that individuals and social groups with greater political, social, and economic resources are better represented in politics, we also expect that men were more likely to join the USP than women and that married and cohabiting individuals were more likely to join than those who were single or widowed (Brady et al. 1995;Lamprianou 2013;Janoski et al. 2020). It is also possible that the USP recruited more women to promote greater equality, potentially offsetting the predicted effects of gender (Marks 2004). ...

The New Handbook of Political Sociology
  • Citing Book
  • February 2020

... Homeownership is consequential not only for individual fates, but also for collective prosperity. States and municipalities often rely heavily on value-assessed property taxes in order to fund public goods like schools, libraries, fire departments, hospitals, and so forth (Martin 2019). ...

Land, Power, and Property Tax Limitation
  • Citing Chapter
  • March 2019

... andere Ordnungen, Konventionen oder Sitten verdrängen und wie sich die daraus resultierenden Ordnungskonflikte auf die Praktiken des Steuerzahlens auswirken. Das kann Demokratisierung, Delinquenz, Subordination oder Gewalt beinhalten (Tilly 2009;Martin 2013Martin , 2018 (Gould und Baker 2002;Wagschal 2005;Ganghof 2006;Kemmerling und Truchlewski 2021). ...

Working-Class Power and the Taxation of Current Earnings: Danish Pay-As-You-Earn Income Tax in Comparative Perspective: The Political Economy of Taxing, Spending, and Redistribution Since 1945
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2018

... Earmarked taxes are those placed on specific goods, services, or income for which revenue is dedicated to a specific purpose [6,8,22,23]. Earmarked taxes have become increasingly common at state and local levels in the USA across policy areas for which the public strongly supports government intervention (e.g., transportation, education) [24]. The increasing popularity of earmarked taxes likely stems, at least in part, from decreases in public support for general tax increases and declines in trust of government (especially at the federal level) [25,26]. ...

Policy Design and the Politics of City Revenue: Evidence from California Municipal Ballot Measures
  • Citing Article
  • January 2018

Urban Affairs Review

... As previously discussed, we push back against that assertion. In fact, Martin and Gabay (2018) explain that consumption taxes are quite politically contentious because they are (potentially) regressive, widespread, and provide a large portion of government revenue. Kato and Tanaka (2019), furthermore, discuss various protests and demonstrations in response to VAT adoption in Ghana and Mexico (see also Prichard 2015). ...

Tax policy and tax protest in 20 rich democracies, 1980–2010

... Housing is more structural than personal (Madden and Marcuse (2016):11;Martin (2017); Debele, 2019), but it is overlooked that dispositional factors can influence the housing status of residents (Debele and Negussie, 2020;Foye (2021); Preston et al. (2021); Bangura et al. (2021)). For example, residents that have money would have better privileges in housing development. ...

New Sociology of Housing
  • Citing Article
  • July 2017

Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews

... (Espinoza Mejia 2024). In extreme cases, increasing property taxes may force owners to sell if the local government doesn't implement mitigation measures, such as deferred payments or limits on annual increases (Martin and Beck 2018). Technically, the challenge lies in the need for governments to manage increases in property assessments to prevent abrupt jumps in tax bills. ...

Gentrification, Property Tax Limitation, and Displacement
  • Citing Article
  • September 2016

Urban Affairs Review