Irfan Hussain Khan’s research while affiliated with Government College University, Faisalabad and other places

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health challenge in District Layyah, owing to persistent information gaps, prejudices, and a lack of awareness that impede effective disease management. This study investigates the intricate relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and awareness pertaining to tuberculosis, examining how these elements collectively impact TB control initiatives within a cohort of 200 participants evenly distributed across genders (male and female subjects). This study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic regression analysis to demonstrate that enhanced knowledge of tuberculosis and awareness of healthcare resources are essential for effective disease management. The findings indicate that these factors facilitate faster diagnoses, improved treatment adherence, and a more effective management of tuberculosis. On the flip side, the persistence of stigma and adverse attitudes regarding tuberculosis substantially obstructs persons from pursuing essential medical care. A greater socioeconomic position and better access to healthcare are associated with superior tuberculosis management outcomes, demonstrating the substantial impact of these determinants on results. The findings underscore the essential need for targeted initiatives—such as community education campaigns, stigma reduction programs, and improved healthcare access—to transform the tuberculosis situation in District Layyah. By addressing informational inadequacies and sociocultural difficulties, these strategies can foster an environment conducive to successful tuberculosis management while simultaneously combating stigma. This research provides crucial insights for policymakers and public health practitioners, highlighting the necessity for holistic policies that educate and empower communities to effectively tackle tuberculosis with resilience and informed action.

Zakah, as a vital pillar of the Islamic economic system, holds great significance in Islamic principles. This research serves as an extension of a prior survey, delving into the awareness and understanding of Zakah in Pakistan's urban areas through a cross-sectional study. This study aims to scrutinize the status of Zakah recipients in society and assess the aftermath of their Zakah payments, seeking to comprehend the overall impact on their lives. A sample of 125 male respondents was selected from four provinces of Pakistan, encompassing diverse backgrounds such as religious scholars, Muftis, students of Islamic education, individuals with formal education, and uneducated individuals. The respondents, aged between 20 and 60, were categorized into three age groups for statistical analysis, and Data Tab along with Graph Prism edition 9.5.1. were employed for result interpretation. The research findings suggest that Zakah payees express high levels of satisfaction with their lives, despite facing challenges associated with the economic and political instability prevailing in the country. The analysis reveals a consistent level of satisfaction among Zakah payees, transcending demographic variables like location, education, and age group, with a remarkable 100% satisfaction rate in each category. This underscores the positive impact of Zakah payments on the overall well-being of recipients in Pakistan.

This chapter explores the fundamental principles and practices of the circular economy, focusing on its critical role in driving sustainability across modern economies. The transition from a linear model to a circular system is essential for addressing global challenges such as resource depletion, waste generation, and environmental degradation. The key elements of the circular economy, including designing for longevity, reuse, and recycling, as well as closing the loop in supply chains, are discussed in detail. By promoting resource efficiency, reducing waste, and regenerating natural systems, the circular economy offers significant benefits, such as economic growth, innovation, and improved supply chain resilience. The chapter further highlights the potential advantages of circular practices for businesses and governments. Through an examination of real-world examples and industry strategies, the chapter provides insights into how the circular economy can support the development of sustainable and resilient economies for the future.

This chapter explores the role of green finance in supporting sustainable development, focusing on how financial instruments and mechanisms can mobilize capital towards environmentally friendly projects. Green finance, which integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, encompasses initiatives like green bonds, loans, and funds that promote low-carbon economies, energy efficiency, and biodiversity conservation. The chapter highlights key financial mechanisms, such as carbon pricing and sustainable banking, and analyses global case studies to demonstrate the success factors and challenges of green finance initiatives. Recommendations are provided for financial institutions and policymakers to foster the adoption of green finance through supportive regulations, transparent reporting, and innovative financial products. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of green finance in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promoting economic growth, and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.

This chapter examines Innovative Islamic Retail Business Models, integrating Shariah principles with modern retail innovation to meet the growing demand for ethical, transparent, and socially responsible practices. Key Islamic finance models such as Mudarabah, Musharakah, Murabaha, Ijarah, Istisna, and Salam are analyzed for their relevance in today's retail landscape, focusing on profit-sharing, fair pricing, and transparency. The chapter explores innovative applications in e-commerce, crowdfunding, and SME financing, supported by real-world case studies. It highlights challenges in Shariah compliance, consumer education, and balancing technology with ethical concerns. Future trends, such as blockchain for transparency, digitalization, and the rising demand for ethical and sustainable products, are discussed, emphasizing the potential of Islamic retail models in a rapidly evolving market.

This examination article researches the scene of youth schooling (ECE) offices, enlistment designs, and procedural structures inside the public area in Multan, Pakistan. Essential information was assembled through a poll of 300 haphazardly chosen understudies, 30 regulatory educators, and 100 guardians. This exploration digs into the norm of youth training (ECE) offices, enlistment elements, and regulatory conventions pervasive in the public area of Multan, Pakistan. Using a poll-based approach, essential information was gathered from a different example, including 300 haphazardly picked understudies, 30 regulatory educators, and 100 guardians. Through this extensive investigation, the review intends to provide experiences regarding the present status of ECE arrangements and their effect on enlistment patterns. The examination explains critical difficulties and unique open doors inborn in the ECE scene by examining the points of view of understudies, educators, and guardians by examining the points of view of understudies, educators, and guardians. This observational examination is an essential asset for policymakers, teachers, and partners, working with informed direction and vital mediation to improve the quality and openness of youth schooling in Multan, Pakistan.

This study examines BMI trends among 300 female teachers from metropolitan and rural schools in District Layyah, providing insights into their health status and potential risk factors. The analysis shows that educational attainment and age significantly influence BMI classification, while income does not. Women with primary or secondary education are more likely to be underweight than overweight, particularly those with secondary education. Older female teachers are likelier to maintain an average weight than being overweight. In contrast, income levels do not reliably predict BMI outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of education and age-related factors in addressing nutritional health inequalities among women, with the impact of income remaining uncertain. To promote teacher health and wellness, policymakers should develop targeted interventions to improve health education, provide nutritional resources, and promote physical activity. These measures will enhance the wellbeing of female teachers and create a healthier learning environment for students. Additionally, future research should explore the broader health needs of teachers in rural areas, considering the multifaceted determinants of BMI.

This research paper aims to help national policymakers understand the dynamics involved in the importance of foreign direct investment in poverty alleviation and thus formulate policies to attract FDI, utilizing time series data from 1990 to 2023. The study considers foreign direct investment (FDI), education, unemployment, and inflation as vital explanatory variables affecting poverty levels. Johnson's co-integration technique explored the long-term relationship between these variables and the poverty-ganger-cause test to determine whether one time series can predict another. Comprehensive research analysis, empirical evidence, and practical recommendations provide a solid foundation for policymakers, researchers, and development practitioners aiming to reduce poverty and foster economic growth in the country. The findings reveal significant long-term relationships between poverty and the independent variables: education, FDI, inflation, and unemployment. Specifically, education and inflation positively impact poverty, while FDI and unemployment have negative impacts. Notably, poverty does not cause FDI, nor does FDI cause poverty, as evidenced by p-values of 0.2996 and 0.4228, respectively. The study underscores the significant impact of FDI, inflation, and education on poverty. It highlights that foreign investment often displaces small local businesses, increasing unemployment and poverty. Therefore, the study recommends that the government implement robust policies and establish a monitoring team to curb corruption across all economic sectors. Furthermore, it suggests that the government should enforce financially solid policies, improve law and order, support small and medium enterprises, and urgently address the energy crisis to boost business opportunities and reduce poverty in Pakistan.

The current research aimed to examine the relationship of parenting styles with decision-making and self-concept among adolescents (N=400). The sample comprised Multan and Vehari college students and government and private colleges. 200 male and 200 female college students were recruited for the present study. Data were collected through the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1989), the Self-Concept Questionnaire (Robson, 1989), and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (Mann et al., 1997). Results show that self-concept has a significant negative correlation with authoritarian fathers, authoritarian mothers, permissive fathers, and permissive mothers. In contrast, a significant positive correlation is between authoritative fathers and authoritative mothers. Findings revealed that gender moderates the relationship between authoritarian parenting styles and hypervigilance, as well as procrastination. Moreover, gender also moderates the relationship between authoritarian parenting and self-concept. Studies demonstrate that parenting styles, especially authoritarian parenting styles, play a distinctive role in determining adolescents' adaptive decision-making and firm self-concept.

This study investigates the factors affecting the academic performance of BS students in Mansehra city. To make a relationship between social factors, parental factors, family background, basic facilities, economic factors, human resources, peer factors, demographic factors, gender and culture, institutional background, and student’s academic performance, the study used correlation analysis. Firstly, the reliability of the research instrument was established, and a proportionate random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected through closed ended questionnaires, and a sample size of 200 was drawn from three colleges in Mansehra city. The frequency analysis revealed that the sample comprises 75 percent female and 25 percent male students, and they belong to the 17-24 years age group. 95% of students show a parental educational background, which encourages children’s education. 92% of students' family income is essential to continuing their studies, and 98% of respondents think that human resources affect the student’s performance. The result from the regression model shows a significant relationship between social factors, parental factors, family background, basic facilities, economic factors, human resources, and the students' performance. In contrast, other factors like peer factors, demographic factors, gender and culture, and institutional background have an insignificant effect on the model. Any institution paying attention to students from low socioeconomic backgrounds could develop a support system for students by identifying financial aid and student loan schemes.