Ireneusz Celiński’s research while affiliated with Silesian University of Technology and other places

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Publications (46)


LCA for Off-Road Vehicles Intended for Persons with Disabilities
  • Chapter

December 2024

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Ireneusz Celiński

Figure 2. Measurement diagram: PC-personal computer, IRR infrared receiver, µC-microcontroller, P-pirometer. Source: Own research.
Figure 3. Background (ambient) temperature. Source: Own research.
Figure 4 shows the measured temperatures of the objects (vehicles) in the measurement setup. The authors' hypothesis states that this spectrum should reflect the elements of vehicles crossing the road cross-section, which are characterized by a higher temperature compared to the surrounding objects. These components include: engine, exhaust system, drivers, passengers, vehicle lights, etc. As can be seen from a careful analysis of Figure 4, this type of characteristic is characterized by a large variability of values and at the same time the dynamics of these changes. Therefore, it can be expected that it contains a number of information on vehicle traffic flows and the features of these vehicles. All that remains is to determine the reasonable methods for extracting traffic flow features from this type of characteristic. Figure 5 presents the measured moments of the appearance of vehicles in a measurement crosssection with the simultaneous determination of their type in relation to the examined generic structure. The height of the measurement on the ordinate axis corresponds to the vehicle type, successive integer values were adopted. Successively the smallest bars represent passenger vehicles further: SD, SC, SCP, A, AP, MR and Others. The chart presented in Figure 5 shows the vehicles driving in both directions in the measurement cross-section. The traffic characteristics shown in Figures 5-7 were measured using a hand-held traffic flow meter (own design). When using this method of measurement, the reaction time of the person performing the measurement has a significant impact, especially in the case of intensive traffic flow of vehicles driving at high speeds (motorway traffic). Therefore, additional tests of the reaction time of the person measuring were carried out and the average error was determined to be 0.4 sec., which is significantly less than the average in the population.
Figure 5. Vehicle type (codes) recorded at each point in time. Source: Own research.
Figure 6. Traffic flow, left direction. Source: Own research.

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Estimating Traffic Volume Using the Infrared Radiation of Vehicles for C-ITS Systems in Smart Cities
  • Preprint
  • File available

October 2024

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27 Reads

One of the foundations of Smart Cities is mobility. To manage the efficiency of urban mobility, continuous recording of traffic flows is essential. The road traffic parameters in the cross section of the road network can be registered with the use of various measurement technologies. This is indirectly due to the complexity of the phenomenon of vehicle traffic and the disturbances in physical quantities generated as a result of it. Traffic data carries: sound waves, vibrations, optical waves and other media. The characteristics of these physical media, properly recorded and mathematically transformed, may constitute a superposition of the position of individual vehicles moving in the traffic flow. Moreover, these waves interfere with each other depending on the observed parameters of the movement of individual vehicles at different places of the network. In this context, information obtained from various media is the overall view of traffic. This article focuses on acquiring infrared traffic data. The movement of each vehicle, regardless of its type, is inextricably linked to infrared radiation, the distribution changing as a function of the road network. Each vehicle is a source of heat and therefore also emits infrared radiation (it heats up gradually while driving, with small temperature fluctuations). Therefore, the temperature of a moving vehicle is generally different from the background (road network) temperature. This article presents a successful attempt to analyze the infrared radiation accompanying road traffic in a selected cross section of the road. In order to register infrared radiation in the traffic stream, a prototype of a measuring system consisting of a pyrometer commonly used in thermometers (cost about 10 € and less) was used. Measurements of infrared radiation of the vehicle stream obtained in this way were compared with the measurement data of handheld traffic recorders, the so-called mechanical vehicle counters. The comparison of the results from both recording methods allows for the formulation of further research hypotheses towards extended research in the field of infrared radiation of the traffic stream. In this regard, it is important to research with various disturbances in the measurements that come from other heat sources located in the road network and its immediate vicinity. This study is important from the point of view of smart cities and C-ITS systems (mainly V2I communication). The registration of data describing the traffic flow with the use of a single pyrometer, instead of an expensive IR camera, is a cheap alternative in modern city information networks. This allows you to create intelligent sensor networks using connectivity based on, e.g., mesh networks. Such activities are possible with costs for one measuring point reduced by one or two orders of magnitude compared to the costs incurred with the use of IR cameras ( € 1000, € 10,000 and more). In the current situation of the energy crisis, the search for innovative solutions with lower energy demand is very important in the Smart City policy.

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Estimation of Vehicle Traffic Parameters Using an Optical Distance Sensor for Use in Smart City Road Infrastructure

June 2024

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79 Reads

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3 Citations

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks

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Ireneusz Celiński

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In recent decades, the dynamics of road vehicle traffic have significantly evolved, compelling traffic engineers to develop innovative traffic monitoring solutions, especially for dense road networks. Traditional methods for measuring traffic volume along road sections may no longer suffice for modern traffic control systems. This is particularly true for induction loops, a widely used method since the last century. In contrast, measuring techniques using microwaves or visible light offer better accuracy but are often hindered by the high cost of sensors. This paper presents new techniques for measuring traffic flow and other parameters that adapt to changing traffic dynamics using low-cost optical distance sensors. Our study demonstrates that the integration of multiple monitoring approaches enhances measurement accuracy, contingent on the dynamics and specific characteristics of the traffic. The results indicate that cheap optical distance sensors are particularly well suited for use in smart city road networks.


Levels of Evidence in Transport Research

February 2024

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23 Reads

This article is an attempt to analyze the issue of the level of scientific evidence presented in broadly understood transport research. Various classifications of levels of evidence (LOE) have been formalized in the scientific literature and are reviewed in this article. They help assess the importance (rank) and quality of publicly presented scientific studies. On their basis, the recipient of scientific content forms an opinion on its usefulness and credibility. Not all LOEs are used in transportation studies. Those that are used are used with different frequencies. In this article, the authors analyze the problem of why more and less popular methods can be observed in scientific research in transport. The article tries to explain why transport research is currently being conducted in this way and, above all, whether it is possible to change the observed state of affairs in this matter.


Vectors of Development of Mountain Tricycles

January 2024

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4 Reads

The paper introduces and discusses the trends identified in terms of the development of the design of mountain tricycles and quadricycles along with selected services related to their operation. There is a considerable number of manufacturers of mountain tricycles (MTC) as well as their design variants currently observed in the market. In functional terms, they differ considerably and for various reasons, including specifics of the disability of a vehicle user. Some design differences may also be attributed to the characteristics of specific trails on which a given cycle will be used. These differences can be technical and operational in nature, including the gear ratios applied, the possibility of transporting MTCs by public collective means, the capacity to carry luggage, as well as accessories, including special-purpose equipment, etc. It should be noted that there are MTC types available on the market which differ significantly in terms of their basic functionality. In the future, manufacturers may step beyond the target segment of the market by extending their product range to elderly people (65+ /60+), who are also affected by a number of limitations and physical barriers to the exploration of mountain. This paper represents an attempt to highlight the trends and vectors of development which can dominate this sphere in the coming years. It should also be added that the market in question is highly peculiar (and still niche), where nearly every cycle is customised on an individual basis. The authors have pointed out that the development of the market of solutions dedicated to people with disabilities is associated with the fact that manufacturers open up to other market segments at the same time.


Analyzing Safe Epidemic Distancing in Public Transport Buses: A Simulation Study on Passenger Flow

December 2023

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5 Reads

Transport Samochodowy

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public transport played a crucial role in maintaining essential services while ensuring the safety of both passengers and staff. As the world gradually resumes operations, the impact of the pandemic is expected to persist for some time. Existing studies focus on virus transmission in vehicles, with limited knowledge about post-pandemic passenger flow, safety, and satisfaction. This paper presents a model of passenger movement in public transport, considering factors like boarding times, movement within stops, and the impact of crowding and delays. To reduce transmission at bus stops, we developed a simulation-based passenger flow model using PTV Vissim. The program was used to simulate passenger exchange scenarios, using data collected from real data. The goal was to create a model that minimizes the risk of infection. By understanding passenger flow and interactions with the public transport system, effective measures can be implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.


PROBLEM OF THE ROAD NETWORK CAPACITY

October 2023

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7 Reads

Transport Samochodowy

The perception of a typical user of the road network in a large Polish city isdetermined by the time he spends in queues and congestion every day. Inthe opinion of many users of this network, it is too long. This time rangesfrom several to several dozen minutes. In order to explain the dysfunctionin question, the concept of physical and transportation capacity of the roadnetwork has been described. Then, the basic numerical characteristics ofthe Polish road network in selected small and voivodship cities have beenpresented. The analysis used basic data on the length of the road network,the number of inhabitants and the “motorization” indicator for the citiesanalysed in the article. In this context, reference was also made to commonlyused ways to improve the functioning of the road network, fromtraffic lights, through roundabouts, to ITS (Intelligent transport systems).The summary presents, in the context of new technical solutions in thefield of transport systems, the perspective of the functioning of road networksfor the next 20‑30 years.



Problems of Studies on Emotions in Road Traffic

January 2023

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19 Reads

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1 Citation

The article addresses the overall body of problems associated with studying selected emotions that emerge in road trafficroad traffic. Among the emotionsemotions observed in road traffic participants, the following are central for this elaboration: anxietyanxiety, fear, and restlessness. Once experienced, these emotions condition specific interpretationinterpretation of a road traffic scenetraffic scene. Fearfear as well as anxiety in particular, can be recognised using technologically advanced instruments. Eye tracking was chosen by the author to serve as an example of the said measurement techniques. The relevant studies were conducted on a sample of vehicle drivers in individual and collective transport. The article provide critical remarks that identification of emotionsemotions must be supported each time by the identification of stimulants and correlated with the results of other measurement techniques. The author believes that emotional states can be studied in road and rail traffic, and may offer some utility value.


Possibility of Changes in Travel Behavior as a Consequence of the Pandemic and Teleworking

August 2022

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17 Reads

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1 Citation

The article addresses the problemProblem of changes in transport behaviorBehavior during the current period of increased epidemicEpidemic risk. Historically, the epidemicsEpidemic reported in EuropeEurope lasted for one and two to even three years and more. This phenomenonPhenomenon might recur; for example, in the 14th and the seventeenthcenturyCentury, local epidemicEpidemicrecurrencesRecurrence were observed every few or dozen or so years in various locations of EuropeEurope (e.g., London, Marseille). Given the repeatability of the phenomenonPhenomenon, the problemProblem discussed in this article still is and will continue to be topical. New wavesWaves of the epidemicEpidemic will probably emerge in the years to come. The organizationalOrganizationalsolutionsSolution used contemporarily to weaken the epidemicEpidemicspreadSpreaddynamicsDynamicinclude teleworkingTeleworking, telelearningTelelearning, and teleshoppingTeleshopping. These are all means to isolate the potential sources of infectionInfection. The article’s authors have linked the various forms of teleactivityTele‐activity with the overall bodyBodyof problemsProblem related to the consequential change in transport behavior patternsTransport behavior patterns. They claim that the spatialSpatial distribution of places where teleactivityTele‐activity occurs should contact the transport system’sTransport system parameters and the traveling behaviorBehavior patterns observed to date. Concerning the preceding, a theoreticalTheoreticalmodelModels for modal split and selection of the spatialSpatial distribution of places considered convenient for teleworkingTeleworkingand telelearningTelelearning has been proposed in this paper. The modelModels is linked with adequate transport behavior changesTransport behavior changes in terms of the problemProblemof transport sustainabilityTransport sustainability. What the authors have taken into account in the modelModels in question is the parameters of the transport networkTransport network, traffic, traveling population’sPopulationtransport behavior patternsTransport behavior patterns observed. The code of this chapter is 01101111 01,100,01101,101,00001,100,10101,101,11001,111,00101,010,10001,101,10001,101,111 01,100,111.


Citations (25)


... The development of the electric vehicle market, both globally and in the context of individual countries, will primarily depend on government policy, the expansion and accessibility of infrastructure, and innovative solutions [5]. The strategies presented in this article from three key global economies serve, on one hand, as a showcase of solutions that can be an excellent benchmark for other countries and, on the other hand, as a presentation of differences that may enhance competition, support innovation, and promote the development of technologies that favor sustainable growth. ...

Reference:

Analysis of electric vehicles in the context of the world's largest economies
Estimation of Vehicle Traffic Parameters Using an Optical Distance Sensor for Use in Smart City Road Infrastructure

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks

... The use of methods to determine the probability of pathogen transmission in public transport and to assess and identify epidemic threats in transport processes have been justified [5,6]. Another effective solution was to plan passengers' flow and interaction to minimize the virus's spread at stops and in vehicles [7]. It is worth noting that the period of reduced mobility in society and the accompanying crisis related to the widespread decline in demand for passenger transport were closely linked to the weakened state of the tourism and hotel industry, as the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decline in demand for travel. ...

A study on passenger flow model and simulation in aspect of COVID-19 spreading on public transport bus stops

Journal of Public Transportation

... This study mainly focused on quantifying the environmental impact of vehicle emissions based on deducing their emission factors but did not include the environmental impact of incremental increases in fuel consumption, although the amount of increased fuel consumption was calculated and is listed in Table A3 in Appendix A. Moreover, traffic diversion can physically alter traffic conditions and influence travelers' behavior patterns [67]. Boggio-Marzet et al. [68] reported that poor traffic conditions could significantly increase vehicle fuel consumption regardless of road type. ...

Transport Planning, Organisation and Management
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • April 2017

... They do not seem to care about themselves, let alone passengers and even other people around them. "Reckless" behavior or irregularities trip by bus drivers not only disturbs other road users, but also might cause fatal accidents (Bösehans & Massola, 2018;Celiński, 2023). The victims not only suffered injuries, but could die (Ahmed et al., 2023;Radam et al., 2022). ...

Problems of Studies on Emotions in Road Traffic
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2023

... There have historically been recorded cases of epidemics with sudden deaths in the streets numbering in the hundreds and thousands of people per day. In the case of the recent pandemic, these were incidental, by taking reasonable preventive measures (Celiński, 2022). ...

Possibility of Changes in Travel Behavior as a Consequence of the Pandemic and Teleworking
  • Citing Chapter
  • August 2022

... The reflexive thematic analysis approach [31] was flexible enough to enable the author to use their creative and critical thinking skills to draw out the underlying themes from the focus groups. The study design was informed by the concepts of pediatric shared decision making [32], multi/interdisciplinarity [33], and children's rights in health care [34]. In semi-structured focus groups, an interview guide was used to obtain information about the participants' viewpoints on the composition, collaboration, and challenges between peer support groups and members of multidisciplinary teams working in care for children with VSCs and their parents. ...

Integrated Science 2050: Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in Health

... The diversified technical structure of railway network RTC devices, the lack of an automated diagnostic procedure and methods to determine tests, as well as the impact of test execution on the traffic status [32][33][34] constitute an impetus to address this issue. Indeed, important deliberations on the traffic situation can be also found in the field of air transport [35][36][37]. ...

Railway Line Occupancy Control Based on Distance Determination Sound Method

Sensors

... Factors like train speed, vehicle weight, rail damage, and seasonality influence these forces. Temperature and rail surface deterioration can lead to increased wear and hazardous load variations [16]. Current technologies like artificial intelligence and sensor technology enable more precise load forecasting [17]. ...

Research on the Applicability of Vibration Signals for Real-Time Train and Track Condition Monitoring

Sensors

... At the same time, the reduction of the negative impact of transport on the environment remains equally important [10], [11], [12], [13]. Planning and analysis of the transport network can be carried out at the macro, or comprehensive, level [14], [15], [16], [17], or it can be a subject of a micro analysis that focuses on segments and nodal points (e.g. [18], [19]). ...

GT Planner Used as a Tool for Sustainable Development of Transport Infrastructure
  • Citing Chapter
  • April 2018

... This encompasses the rapid adaptation of city road infrastructure and the associated organization to observable shifts in traffic dynamics. The concept of a smart city is inextricably linked to the use of information and communication technologies [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Consequently, the deployment of a network of low-cost distance sensors to measure traffic parameters is an appropriate strategy. ...

Synchronisation of Road Traffic Streams
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2020