Ingram McCall’s research while affiliated with North Carolina State University and other places

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Publications (105)


Customizing the leaf tissue nutrient ranges for blue and pink hydrangeas
  • Article

July 2021

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54 Reads

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1 Citation

Hunter Landis

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Kristin Hicks

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Ingram McCall

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[...]

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Brian E. Whipker

Pink, blue, and red hydrangea [(Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. Macrophylla var. macrophylla (Thunb.)] cultivars contain the anthocyanin pigment delphinidin-3-glucoside that color the sepal. Without aluminum (Al), the natural color of the pigment is pink or red depending on the cultivar. To produce blue sepals, plants are fertilized with Al2(SO4)3 (AS) under low phosphorus (P) conditions. To determine the effect of AS on nutrient tissue concentrations ‘Early Blue’, ‘Hor Tivoli’, ‘Jip’, and ‘Mathilda Gutges’ plants were treated with 0 (pink), 12, or 15 g (blue) of AS. Pre-bloom leaf tissue concentrations were analyzed with blue cultivars generally having higher concentrations of sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), and Al, while the pink plants had higher nitrogen (N), P, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Concentrations of N, potassium (K), Mg, B and Cu were consistent with published sufficiency ranges regardless of color or cultivar, while S, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations were below sufficiency in some pink cultivars. The P concentrations in both pink and blue cultivars and Ca in some blue cultivars were lower than the published sufficiency range. The difference in leaf tissue nutrient concentrations among cultivars and coloration, suggest that nutrient uptake in hydrangeas varies and that lab recommendations should be customized depending on cultivar and color production system.




Vase life of 58 new cut flowers

August 2020

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70 Reads

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1 Citation

Acta Horticulturae

Abstract: The study is part of a 13-year project to determine the vase life of promising new cut flowers and foliages and overall effectiveness of commercial hydration and holding solutions. Stems of 58 cultivars from 22 genera were pretreated with either a commercial hydrating solution or deionized (DI) water for 4 h and placed in either a commercial holding solution or DI water for 44 h. Treatment with a holding preservative produced the longest vase life for 21 cultivars in the genera Agastache, Antirrhinum, Digitalis, Eustoma, Filipendula, Helianthus, Lilium, Penstemon, Perovskia, Physostegia, and Tagetes indicating that holding preservatives should be used with most taxa. Commercial hydrators increased the vase life of one cultivar in each of three genera, Agastache, Hibiscus and Tagetes, but reduced the vase life of two cultivars in two genera, Helianthus and Tagetes. All treatments produced a statistically similar vase life for 32 cultivars in the genera Campanula, Coreopsis, Daucus, Dianthus, Digitalis, Helianthus, Lilium, Monarda, Rudbeckia, Saliva, Stokesia, Tagetes, and Veronica. Of the 58 taxa tested, most of the taxa tested would be suitable for commercial production with a vase life of at least 10 days. Eupatorium ‘Baby Joe’ and Tagetes ‘Oriental Gold’ had a vase life longer than 21 days for at least one of the treatments. Campanula ‘Champion Pro Deep Blue’; Dianthus ‘Deep Maxine’ and ‘Magenta Bicolor’; Digitalis ‘Plum Gold’; Eustoma ‘Rosanne 1 Deep Brown’ and ‘Rosanne 1 Green’; Helianthus ‘EH16-13’; Hibiscus ‘Mahogany Splendor’; Tagetes ‘888 Deep Gold’, ‘Falcon Yellow’, ‘Garland Orange’ and ‘Storm Gold’; Rudbeckia ‘Viette’s Little Suzy’ and Veronica ‘Charlotte’ had a vase life of 14 to 21 days. Twenty-three other taxa had a vase life of 10 to 14 days. Penstemon ‘Arabesque Appleblossom’, Perovskia ‘Longin’, and Saliva ‘Burgundy Candles’ had a vase life of less than 7 days.






Expanding leaf tissue nutrient survey standards for 74 floriculture species
  • Article
  • Full-text available

November 2019

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156 Reads

Acta Horticulturae

Over the past 20 years, the number of species grown in commercial floriculture greenhouses has greatly expanded. Data of sufficiency ranges for plant nutrients have not been investigated and this void makes diagnosing nutritional disorders difficult. The objective of this research was to develop baseline sufficiency ranges for plant tissue analysis. Fifty-eight species were grown in a soilless substrate composed of (by vol.) 80% peat and 20% perlite and irrigated with a water-soluble fertilizer at 150 or 250 mg L-1 N. Leaf tissue was sampled during vegetative and/or reproductive growth phases. An additional 16 samples were collected from commercial greenhouses and represent a survey range of nutrients for these species. Leaf tissue nutrient values for these 74 species are presented to provide the floriculture industry with a baseline sufficiency range when diagnosing nutritional disorders.

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Citations (58)


... Sunbright Supreme plants giving, more compact plants without any loss of their quality because diameter of their inflorescence was not affected. Besides, Ahmad et al. (2014) on potted sunflower, zinnia, impatiens, marigold and petunia, mentioned that PP-333 applied as drench or foliar spray at various concentrations reduced plant height and diameter, fresh and dry weights and total water use for all species. On containerized Arundina graminifolia orchid, Wanderley et al. (2014) declared that CCC at 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm concentrations had no effect on the final height and No. shoots, whereas PP-333 at a concentration of 5 ppm was effective in controlling plant height and branching, but higher concentrations (10 and 20 ppm) were toxic to the plants. ...

Reference:

A TRIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF THE DWARF YELLOW SAGE (LANTANA CAMARA L. CV. FLAVA)
Paclobutrazol and ancymidol lower water use of potted ornamental plants and plugs

... It is important to research the postharvest care and handling of new crops throughout the horticultural distribution chain, especially vase life, for consumers to get high-quality and long-lasting products (Anderson 2006;Teixeira da Silva 2006). Various cut flower genera have been found to respond differently to types of holding mixtures and hydrating solutions (Clark et al. 2010;Dole et al. 2009;Hunter 2013). Different postharvest holding periods and temperatures can also have significant effects on vase life, as well as leaf and flower chlorosis in specialty cut flowers such as Daucus carota (Kargakou and Darras 2022). ...

Vase Life of New Cut Flower Cultivars
  • Citing Article
  • December 2010

HortTechnology

... The color of hydrangea sepals varies depending on the concentration of aluminum in the soil. In cultivating the hydrangea cultivar 'Hot Red', the pH of medium leachate that was not treated with AS was 4.7, but the pH of medium leachate treated with 3 g⋅L -1 of AS was reduced to 3.5, making the color change to blue (Landis et al., 2021a). ...

Aluminum sulfate applications intensify red hydrangea sepal coloration
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Acta Horticulturae

... which have blue sepals, as the aluminum concentration increased, the soil pH decreased and the sepal color turned deep blue (Landis et al., 2021b). Schreiber et al. (2011) surveyed the aluminum content according to the color of hydrangea sepals: 0-10 μg/g for red sepals, 1-40 μg/g for purple ones, and 40 μg/g or more for blue ones, suggesting that the critical aluminum content required to change red sepals to blue is about 40 μg/g. ...

Enhancing blue hydrangea sepal coloration by applying aluminum sulfate through constant liquid fertilization
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Acta Horticulturae

... Plant tissue analysis has been extensively utilized to evaluate the nutritional status of a crop, determine essential nutrient sufficiency levels, and develop recommendations for fertilizer rates (Bryson & Mills, 2015;Cockson et al., 2019). Given the popularity of lettuce, other researchers have published the deficiency symptoms and the nutrient concentrations at which these deficiencies appear for several lettuce cultivars (Bryson & Mills, 2015;Henry et al., 2018;Veazie et al., 2022). Once these nutri-ent ranges have been established, it is up to individuals to correctly interpret the results. ...

Comparing nutrient disorder symptomology of Lactuca sativa ‘Salanova Green’ and ‘Salanova Red’
  • Citing Article
  • March 2020

Acta Horticulturae

... Prof. Blaauw (Alsheikhly, 2019), Dahlia × hybrida cvs. Hypnotica, Cherish Pink and Goldalia Scarlet (Henry et al., 2020), Hippeastrum cv. Red Lion (Inkham et al., 2022) and tuberose (Castañeda-Saucedo et al., 2023). ...

Dahlia foliar nutrient sufficiency ranges and growth response to fertilizer concentrations
  • Citing Article
  • March 2020

Acta Horticulturae

... Notably, under treatment with 15 g of AS, the plant height was significantly reduced, to 14.6-20.1 cm, and the mortality ratio also increased significantly, to 20-75%. When 'Early Blue Rose' hydrangea was treated with 0-40 g of AS per pot with a diameter of 15cm, the plant height was reported to decrease significantly, from 27 cm to 16 cm, while the plant width was reduced from 40 cm to 26 cm (Landis et al., 2019). In addition, when hydrangea cultivars 'Curly Sparkle' and 'Hor Tivoli' were treated with AS, the dry weight of the plants was decreased by 29% and 51%, respectively, under treatment with 15 g of AS compared to control, and the size of inflorescence was also significantly reduced (Landis et al., 2021a, b). ...

Incorporating slow release coated polymer aluminum sulfate into the substrate to produce blue hydrangeas
  • Citing Article
  • November 2019

Acta Horticulturae

... The economic concern for optimizing cannabinoid production relies on optimizing floral can limit nutrient uptake of many macronutrients (including nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], sulfur [S], and magnesium [Mg]) due to aluminum (Al) and hydrogen (H) binding to the cation exchange sites (Malkanthi et al., 1995). Similarly, soilless substrate pH levels below 5.0 result in increased micronutrient availability that can lead to Fe and Mn toxicity (Whipker, Owen, et al., 2019). In the production of greenhouse crops, managing container substrate pH is a major nutritional challenge (Argo & Fisher, 2002). ...

Low substrate pH can affect plant growth without inducing leaf symptomology of petunia and poinsettia

Acta Horticulturae

... Chen et al. (2017) quantified plant growth response to N and P concentrations but did not report the corresponding tissue nutrient concentrations for all essential plant nutrients. Henry et al. (2019) found three coleus cultivars reached the greatest size with N concentrations of 75 to 300 mg�L −1 supplied by a 13 N-0.86P-10.8K fertilizer when applied at every irrigation, while 400 mg . ...

Coleus foliar nutrient sufficiency ranges and growth response to nitrogen concentrations
  • Citing Article
  • November 2019

Acta Horticulturae