Iñaki Libano's research works

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Fig 1. Prehistoric lighting remains. A. Fragments of semi-charred...

Fig 2. Anthracological data from Paleolithic light systems (torches and...

Fig 3. GS-analysis data. Paleolithic lamp (left) and a reference index...

Fig 4. Fuel composition and measurements of the replicated torches,...

Fig 5. Scheme of the measured parameters.

The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2021

Artificial lighting was a crucial physical resource for expanding complex social and economic behavior in Paleolithic groups. Furthermore, the control of fire allowed the development of the first symbolic behavior in deep caves, around 176 ky BP. These activities would increase during the Upper Paleolithic, when lighting residues proliferated at th...

Fig. 1. Correlation between variables in crawling and walking movements.

Fig. 2. Correlation between variables in climbing and traversing movements.

Fig. 3. Summary of the Z values that must be taken into account in the...

Fig. 4. Plan and elevation of Atxurra Cave generated from the scanned...

Fig. 5. Cumulated cost map and the Least Cost Paths to reach de GUs....

Quantifying accessibility to Palaeolithic rock art: Methodological proposal for the study of human transit in Atxurra Cave (Northern Spain)

Article

Jan 2021

The systematic evaluation of accessibility to different sectors in caves with Palaeolithic rock art is crucial to interpret the contexts of prehistoric human activity that took place inside them, especially if focused on the areas that are harder to reach. 3D models have been employed in a GIS to process spatial information, calculate numerical cos...

Figure 1. The upper part of the Iberian Peninsula, Cantabrian Margin,...

Figure 2. Topographic plan of the Atxurra‐Armiña cave, showing the...

Figure 3. Photographs of different morphological features and...

Figure 4. The overall stratigraphy of the three parts of the cave...

Figure 5. Location of the 19 different rock art sectors and the...

From cave geomorphology to Palaeolithic human behaviour: speleogenesis, palaeoenvironmental changes and archaeological insight in the Atxurra‐Armiña cave (northern Iberian Peninsula)

Article

Jun 2020

A detailed geomorphological study was performed in the Atxurra‐Armiña cave system (northern Iberian Peninsula) to decode landscape evolution, palaeoenvironmental changes and human use of a cave within an Inner Archaeological Context. The results show an average incision rate of the river of <0.083 mm a–1 for at least the last 419 ka, with interrupt...

Fig. 1. Decorated caves in Eastern Cantabrian Spain and the Western...

Fig. 2. Topographic plan of Atxurra Cave with the area decorated...

Fig. 3. Digital documentation of the decorated walls in the high...

Fig. 4. Section N of the 2014–2015 excavation (J. Rios-Garaizar)....

Fig. 5. Horse represented by a deep engravings in a calcite flowstone...

The cave of Atxurra: A new major Magdalenian rock art sanctuary in Northern Spain

Article

Feb 2020

The discovery of Palaeolithic parietal art in the cave of Atxurra took place within an archaeological surveying project that has been carried out over the last decade in the eastern Cantabrian region. As a consequence of this project, the number of caves with parietal art known in this region has tripled. The case of Atxurra Cave is a remarkable co...

Sporadic occupation in Armiña cave during the Upper Magdalenian: what for?

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2018

The cave of Armiña is part of the same karstic system than Atxurra cave, which has an occupation site in the entrance, covering from Gravettian to Late Magdalenian, and numerous evidences of Paleolithic rock-art in the inner part of the cave. The current entrance of Armiña was discovered at the end of XIX century when the road between Markina and L...

The Middle Paleolithic open air site with preservation of plant remains of Aranbaltza III and its implications in the understanding of neandertal settlement dynamics in the Northern Iberian Peninsula

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jun 2018

The eastern part of the Cantabrian region is characterized by the presence of several Middle Paleolithic sites, most of them located in caves and rock-shelters (Axlor, Amalda, Arlanpe, Arrillor, Lezetxiki, El Cuco, Ventalapera). The chronology of these sites ranges from ca. MIS6 to MIS3. The ongonig research on some of these sites reveals a high de...

S6 File

Data

Mar 2018

3D reconstruction of the other wooden tool from U4 (.obj file with texture). (ZIP)

S2 File

Data

Mar 2018

Lithic assemblages from Aranbaltza III sequence. (PDF)

Fig 1. (top) location of the Aranbaltza archaeological complex;...

Fig 2. Lithostratigraphic panel and synthetic stratigraphic column of...

Fig 3. Tree species identification. a) CT scan image of the transversal...

Fig 6. Technological and use wear features. a) Detail of the smashed...

A Middle Palaeolithic wooden digging stick from Aranbaltza III, Spain

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2018

Aranbaltza is an archaeological complex formed by at least three open-air sites. Between 2014 and 2015 a test excavation carried out in Aranbaltza III revealed the presence of a sand and clay sedimentary sequence formed in floodplain environments, within which six sedimentary units have been identified. This sequence was formed between 137–50 ka, a...

S5 File

Data

Mar 2018

3D reconstruction of the wooden pointed tool (.obj file with texture). (ZIP)

S1 File

Data

Mar 2018

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Aranbaltza III sequence. (PDF)

S3 File

Data

Mar 2018

New insights into the Middle Pleistocene paleoecology and paleoenvironment of the Northern Iberian Peninsula (Punta Lucero Quarry site, Biscay): A combined approach using mammalian stable isotope analysis and trophic resource availability modeling

Article

Aug 2017

The northern coastal area of the Iberian Peninsula shows an excellent archaeo-paleontological record with a unique representation of Pleistocene mammalian fossils. While the Late Pleistocene is better recorded, the Middle Pleistocene record remains more fragmentary. The Punta Lucero site (Biscay) has yielded the most important fossil assemblage of...

The Punta Lucero Quarry site (Zierbena, Bizkaia): A window into the Middle Pleistocene in the Northern Iberian Peninsula

Article

Aug 2015

The period between the end of the Early Pleistocene and the mid-Middle Pleistocene (roughly between 1.0 and 0.4 Ma BP) is of great interest in Western Europe. It witnessed several climatic oscillations and changes in the fauna, the demise of a hominin species and the appearance of another, along with important cultural and technological changes. Th...

Restos humanos calcolíticos de dos nuevos yacimientos de Punta Lucero (Zierbena, Bizkaia). Chalcolithic human remains from two new sites in Punta lucero (Zierbena, Bizkaia)

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2015

RESUMEN: Se describen los hallazgos de dos nuevas cavidades, en las cuales se han recuperado restos humanos. Las dataciones directas de estos restos humanos son coherentes a nivel cronológico con el Calcolítico. La primera cavidad, Punta Lucero II, ha proporcionado dos restos humanos de un individuo joven en un sondeo realizado en la zona exterior...

Revisión de los restos paleontológicos del yacimiento de Punta Lucero (Ziervena, Bizkaia): una nueva ventana al Pleistoceno Medio.

Conference Paper