Ilya S. Bakulin's research while affiliated with Clinical Research Center of Moscow and other places

... It can involve multiple sensory inputs and can be repeated as often as needed. Various adaptations of existing games have been proposed [16,17], as well as online projects [18], which Open Access *Correspondence: bertrand.degos@aphp.fr 1 Neurology Department, APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris -Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Zeidan et al. BMC Medical Education (2022) 22:224 are particularly interesting in the context of lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic [19]. ...

... Статистически значимой корреляции между оценкой по CRS-R и сигналом от медиальной префронтальной коры и левой ангулярной извилины не обнаружено (r = -0,0576 и r = 0,2894 соответственно; p > 0,05). Согласно исследованиям [29][30][31], зона задней части поясной извилины наиболее стабильно выявляется у пациентов в СМС и также предположительно участвует в работе внутреннего и внешнего осознания. ...

... В зависимости от параметров стимуляции в данной области происходит фасилитация или угнетение нейронной активности. Возможно даже получение так называемого виртуального поражения определенного участка мозга у здорового человека -нарушения функции стимулируемого участка, которое похоже на симптомы настоящего поражения, но длится всего несколько секунд и полностью обратимо [4]. Пока непосредственный эффект ТМС (тормозный или возбуждающий) сохраняется, исследователь может сравнить выполнение заданий с тем, как тот же самый человек выполнял похожие задания без стимуляции, при стимуляции другой области мозга или при плацебо-стимуляции (sham), которая воспроизводит звуковые и тактильные ощущения от ТМС, но не воздействует на мозг [4]. ...

... For example, an empirical PCI cutoff has discriminated with 100% accuracy between conscious and unconscious conditions, irrespectively of connectedness, responsiveness and presence of brain lesions (Casarotto et al., 2016). These methods have been used to differentiate and explore consciousness in a range of clinical conditions (Harrison and Connolly, 2013;Arsiwalla and Verschure, 2018;Sinitsyn et al., 2020;Sarasso et al., 2021) and have laid a conceptual groundwork to enable the extension of these markers to people with advanced dementia. It is possible, however, that there are additional confounds when applying these markers, validated in DoC, to people with dementia, due to the cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration that characterizes dementia. ...

... These distant effects can induce motor performance ipsilateral to the site of stimulation [14][15][16]. Due to the focality of rTMS application, accurately determining the targeting site was emphasized in several TMS studies [1,[17][18][19]. One of the conventional methods to target the M1 is a function-guided procedure that determines the hand motor hot spot (hMHS) on the scalp. ...

... Differences in outcomes across studies could have been due to differences in study design, sample characteristics, and electrode montages. 8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Most of these RCTs administered tDCS at 0.5-to 1.5-mA amplitude, once daily, for 1 week. No study examined an intensive tDCS treatment regime. ...

... Among these patients, eight were rTMS responders; seven progressed into MCS (4 TBI, 2 HIE, 1, and hemorrhage) after being rTMS-active, and one entered EMCS (P1, TBI). The CRS-R subscales showed that these responders regained consciousness at the visual and motor levels (six visual pursuits, one functional object use, and one pain location), which is consistent with the improvement of subscale items in responders in former studies of rTMS for DoC (14,17,25,50). Our results may indicate that the residual expression of consciousness is more preserved in the visual and motor pathways in unresponsive patients (51,52). ...

... Продемонстрирована идентичная зависимость воспроизводимости площади, взвешенной площади и локализации центра масс от количества нанесенных стимулов при использовании «сеточного» алгоритма [22]. При использовании алгоритма картирования без «сетки» точность параметров карты также увеличивается при увеличении числа стимулов, что позволило предложить протоколы с использованием ≥100 стимулов [34]. Необходимое число стимулов следует определять исходя из задачи исследования и ожидаемого эффекта. ...

... From a methodological perspective, motor mapping by means of nTMS involves rigorous steps that inevitably produce quantitative parameters. These parameters (e.g., motor hotspot location and resting motor threshold) express high variability and need continuous analysis to be properly understood [13][14][15][16][17]. In particular, despite strict adherence to the procedural protocols cited in the literature, we observed variations in map activation, which sometimes exceeded reasonable anatomical boundaries ( Figure 1). ...

... [11] After this discovery, a number of similar cases have been reported in Japan and other Asian countries. [1,4,9,11,22, 31] A smaller number of HD patients were reported from Europe and North America, suggesting possible ethnical or regional contributing factors to the etiology of HD. [8,17,25] In the1960s and early 1970s, confirmed diagnosis relied on clinical features and electrophysiological evaluation. The true pathology remained unclear until 1982, the first autopsy case was done by Hirayama and colleagues. ...