![Fig. 1. Change in the azimuthal angle of the position of the Sun on the celestial sphere during the daylight hours of June 21 for the Uzhgorod region, calculated: according to the mathematical model [7] (curve 1), according to the exact astronomical model [2] (curve 2), and according to the accepted approximate mathematical model (curve 3)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380380561/figure/fig1/AS:11431281241368514@1715087524575/Change-in-the-azimuthal-angle-of-the-position-of-the-Sun-on-the-celestial-sphere-during_Q320.jpg)
April 2024
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Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies
The control system for terrestrial two-axis devices for orientation to the Sun has been improved with a high-speed microcontroller operation algorithm. A geomagnetic sensor was introduced into the system to increase the reliability of monitoring the positioning of solar cells. The basis of the algorithm is a simplified astronomical and geographical model of the movement of the Sun in the celestial sphere. The control system automatically tracks the trajectory of the Sun and calculates its angular coordinates for the current moment of time on any day of the year and for any point on the globe. The derived equations of the simplified mathematical model are suitable for calculations of orientation angles to the Sun in real time on 8-bit microcontrollers with low computing power. The control system by AVR-328 microcontrollers was studied. It was established that the use of the algorithm when programming microcontrollers for two-axis orientation systems ensures high stability and reliability of the tracker`s functioning process. The technical parameters of the AVR-328 microcontrollers in the case of using the developed algorithm ensure that the control system performs one reorientation step in a time interval of less than 2 seconds, which ensures the minimum technical period of the reorientation process by the tracker drive mechanisms which is about 5 seconds. Deviations of the calculated orientation angle from the exact value do not exceed 3°, which corresponds to the relative accuracy of recording the solar radiation intensity, which is less than 0.3 %. The microcontroller program written according to the developed simplified algorithm occupies about 35 % of its memory. Therefore, the use of the developed algorithm frees up the resources of AVR-328 microcontrollers for performing additional data processing operations and automatic control over various additional devices related to the process of orientation to the Sun. In the case of solar energy, the algorithm ensures the use of about 98 % of the power of solar radiation